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How to learn software engineering: A beginner’s guide

Breaking into the software engineering field doesn't have to be daunting. Explore courses and programs to help launch your new career.

What is software engineering?

Software engineering is a branch of computer science that applies engineering principles to design, develop, test, and maintain software. The primary goal of software engineering is to produce high-quality, dependable, and effective software, while completing projects on time and within a given budget.

While most software engineers hold a bachelor's degree in computer science or information technology (IT), successful software engineers continuously expand their skills to stay current with rapidly evolving technologies and practices.

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How to learn software engineering

1. Create a learning plan

Start by looking into software engineering specializations like:

  • Web development (front-end, back-end, or full-stack development)
  • Development operations
  • Information security
  • Machine learning

Figuring out what interests you most will help you decide which programming languages and specialized skills to focus on early in your learning process.

Next, assess your current skill level. How much time can you commit to studying software engineering (full-time or part-time), and what type of learning format works best for you? Options range from self-paced online courses to more structured pathways, such as bachelor's degree programs in software engineering.

Once you've outlined your direction, consider setting SMART goals and building a timeline. This may help you remain focused, track your progress, and hold yourself accountable as you move forward.

2. Master the prerequisite skills

Build a strong foundation with core computer science concepts like:

  • Algorithms
  • Data structures
  • Computing systems
  • Infrastructure

Learning the basics of programming languages such as Python and JavaScript may also help you gain fluency in essential coding languages. Courses like Harvard University's CS50x: Introduction to Computer Science can teach you the fundamentals that may be prerequisites for advanced software engineering courses.

3. Start learning software engineering skills

Enroll in specialized courses or programs that build on foundational computer science knowledge. With programs like IBM's MicroBachelors® in Full-Stack Application Development, you can learn about:

  • Software design and development
  • Cloud computing
  • Database management

Once you've built this technical foundation, apply your skills through personal or open-source projects to gain experience and build your portfolio.

"Given enough time, you can work through any problem that comes your way. I have seen many new software developers in the field panic because they are not able to solve a problem immediately, or because they spend an entire day on a project but come up empty-handed. That is okay, and what's more important is that you try your best, research, and communicate with your team during meetings to navigate the problem together."

— Jordan Black, software developer and PhD candidate in machine learning, game design, and player psychology, University of North Texas

What can you expect from a software engineering program?

Software engineering programs cover a variety of topics related to software design, development, and maintenance. Courses often emphasize programming and coding languages such as Java, Python, C/C++, and JavaScript, though the curriculum may vary depending on the program type and institution.

Typical coursework may focus on:

  • The software development life cycle
  • Best practices in software design and web development
  • Software testing, verification, and validation
  • Software project management
  • Algorithms
  • Computer architecture
  • Data structures
  • Computer networks
  • Operating systems
  • Database design
  • Artificial intelligence

How long does it take to learn software engineering?

The time it takes to learn software engineering varies depending on the learning path you choose to pursue. If you decide to earn a bachelor's degree in computer science, for example, it can take at least four years of full-time study. However, you can start learning the basics from short courses that only take 4-6 weeks to complete.

How to choose the best software engineering program for you

When choosing a software engineering program, consider factors such as time commitment, desired skills, career advancement prerequisites, and evolving industry demands. Explore edX's online software engineering programs to find the best fit for you:

Courses

Software engineering courses are usually quicker to complete than degree programs — around 4-6 weeks is common. They're perfect for learners who are just starting out or want to build a new skill.

Certificates

edX offers a variety of professional certificates in computer science. These programs are geared towards professionals who want to enhance their résumés or learn new skills while maintaining their established careers.

Executive education programs

Executive education programs in software engineering are appealing options for seasoned professionals who want to grow their software engineering skills. Some require a short time commitment, around 10 weeks.

Degrees

A bachelor's degree is a good choice for anyone considering a career in the field. These programs typically take four years of full-time study to complete. A master's in software engineering program might be an attractive option if you want to qualify for more senior or technical roles.

Jobs that use software engineering

Building up your software engineering knowledge and skill set can help open doors to a variety of careers. Find common jobs below, with salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Software developer

Software developers design computer applications and programs and oversee their maintenance. They may also recommend application upgrades to their clients.

  • Required education: Bachelor's degree in computer science, IT, or a related discipline
  • Median annual salary (2024): $131,450

Your next steps to learn software engineering online with edX

1. Begin with foundational courses

If you are new to software engineering, consider starting with foundational courses. Once you know more about the industry and potential career paths, you can define your goals and advance your knowledge strategically.

2. Enroll in a program that fits your career path

Various specialized software engineering courses, professional certificates, and online master's programs on edX cater to different career goals. Look for options that suit your objectives.

Potential paths to explore:

  • Aspiring software engineers can consider an online bachelor's degree in software engineering.
  • Working professionals looking for a career change may find a professional certificate to be an ideal starting point.
  • Software engineers looking for career advancement without committing to a full master's degree program can consider a MicroMasters® program on edX.

3. Stay up-to-date on industry insights through continuous education

Stay on top of software engineering advancements by pursuing ongoing education. Explore online software engineering programs and courses as your career progresses.

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    Frequently asked questions about software engineering

    How do you become a software engineer without a degree?

    Because software engineering is a skills-based career, it's possible to learn the fundamentals of the field outside of a physical college classroom. You can do this by:

    • Enrolling in a software engineering certificate program.
    • Learning independently via a free online course.
    • Exploring online tutorials, projects, and tools.
    What programming languages do software engineers use?

    Software engineers must typically learn Python, Java, JavaScript, HTML/CSS, C++, SQL, Ruby, PHP, Swift, and Go.

    What do entry-level software engineers do?

    Entry-level software engineers may work with mid-level and senior-level software engineers to design, develop, test, maintain, and update software applications and programs. Entry-level professionals typically manage more routine tasks as they familiarize themselves with the company's codebase and develop their programming skills.

    Is it hard to become a software engineer?

    With training and persistence, you can learn all the skills you need to become a software engineer, including programming languages, data structures, algorithms, testing and debugging procedures, database knowledge, software frameworks, and cloud platforms.

    A short software engineering course might help you discover if this career path would be a good fit for you. It may also be helpful to learn Linux, an open-source operating system that's popular among software engineers.

    What is the difference between a software engineer and a software developer?

    Though the terms are often used interchangeably, there are distinct differences between the two.

    Software developers build applications or programs that meet the needs of clients and end-users. Their work is often smaller-scale and may focus on one aspect of a larger software program.

    Software engineers address high-level problems and create systems and infrastructure for a program's entire lifecycle. Their work looks at the big picture instead of focusing on a single application or program.

    Last updated September 29, 2025