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How to Install GIT on Linux
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Git Bash

Last Updated : 24 Sep, 2024
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Git bash is a command-line tool that is used as Git CLI emulation for Microsoft Windows. It provides a terminal-like interface and enables users to run Git commands and interact with a repository, as well as offering Unix command line features. Essentially, Git Bash brings the powerful functionalities of Unix-based systems to Windows, making it easier for developers to manage and control their projects.

Table of Content

  • What is Git?
  • What is Git Bash?
  • Why Use Git Bash?
  • Git GUI
  • ​How to Install Git Bash?
  • How to use Git Bash?
  • How to Create and Manage Branches in GitBash?
  • Merging Branches in GitBash
  • Cloning Repositories in GitBash
  • Undoing Commits in GitBash
  • Conclusion

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) created by Linus Torvalds in 2005. Unlike traditional version control systems that use a central repository, Git allows every developer to have a full-fledged repository on their local machine, complete with the project’s entire history. This decentralized approach offers greater flexibility and speed, especially in collaborative environments.

What is Git Bash?

Git Bash is a command-line interface that is used to communicate with Git, the version control system. Clone the repositories, commit changes, push and pull changes, and more are all possible using Git Bash. Git Bash can automate manual tasks with the scripts written by you. Git Bash helps you in a greater way to learn about Git and version control. It is a CLI for microsoft windows.

Why Use Git Bash?

  1. Compatibility: Git Bash is designed to be fully compatible with Git, making it a crucial tool for developers who use Git for version control.
  2. Powerful Command Line Tools: It provides a range of Unix command line tools, which are often preferred by developers for their flexibility and power.
  3. Ease of Use: With Git Bash, you get a familiar Bash experience on Windows, which is particularly useful for those who are accustomed to Unix/Linux environments.

Git GUI

Git is a version-control system it is available in the form of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Command-Line Interface(CLI). Graphical User Interface (GUI) makes the tasks easier when compared to the Command-Line Interface(CLI) most common tasks which are performed in Git that are committing changes, creating branches, and merging changes. Git GUI clients are available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.

  1. Sourcetree.
  2. GitHub Desktop
  3. TortoiseGit
  4. GitKraken

Choose any one of the Git GUIs according to your needs and preferences. If you are a beginner use simple Git GUI and for advanced you can use customized GUI.

Steps to Install Git Bash

Follow the steps given below to install Git Bash on Windows:

Step 1: Download and Runt he installer

The .exe file installer for Git Bash can be downloaded from “https://gitforwindows.org/” Once downloaded execute that installer, following window will occur.

GitInstall

Git Bash Installation

Step 2: Select required options

Select the components that you need to install and click on the Next button.

git components to be installed

Install Git Bash

Step 3: Select Installation Directory

Select the path where you want to install git as shown in the image below.

Adjusting the path

Install Git Bash

Step 4: Wait for Completion

Let the installation process finish to begin using Git Bash. To open Git Bash navigate to the folder where you have installed the git otherwise just simply search in your OS for git bash.

Installing Git

Install Git Bash

Git Opened

Install Git Bash

Basic Git Bash Commands

Here are some fundamental Git Bash commands to get you started:

  1. Navigating Directories:
    • ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
    • cd <directory>: Changes the current directory to the specified directory.
    • pwd: Prints the current working directory.
  2. Managing Files and Directories:
    • touch <file>: Creates a new file.
    • mkdir <directory>: Creates a new directory.
    • rm <file>: Removes a file.
    • rmdir <directory>: Removes an empty directory.
  3. Using Git Commands:
    • git init: Initializes a new Git repository.
    • git clone <repository>: Clones an existing repository.
    • git status: Displays the status of your working directory and staging area.
    • git add <file>: Adds a file to the staging area.
    • git commit -m "message": Commits the changes in the staging area with a message.
    • git push: Pushes changes to a remote repository.
    • git pull: Pulls changes from a remote repository.
    • git log: “git log” command will help you to see the logs of all the commits made. 
    • git branch: Creates a new branch. 
    • git merge: For merging the changes from one branch to another branch. 
    • git config: “git config” will help you to configure the username and email id.
    • git tag: It will display the all tags.

How to use Git Bash?

Git Bash is a powerful tool that allows you to interact with the Git version control system in a command-line environment on Windows. Let’s go through the basics of How to use Git Bash

Step 1: Configuring Git

Set your global username/email configuration

Open Git Bash and begin creating a username and email for working on Git Bash.

Set your username:

git config --global user.name "FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME"

Set your email address:

git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

cd command refers to the command line change directory and is used to get into the desired directory. To navigate between the folders the cd command is used

cd folder_name

ls command

ls command is used to list all the files and folders in the current directory.

ls

Open Git Bash and change the current working directory to your local project by use of the cd command. 
 

Change Working Directory

Step 2: Commit Repository in Git Bash

Initialize the local directory as a Git repository.

 git init 

Stage the files for the first commit by adding them to the local repository

git add .

By “git status“ you can see the staged files after that Commit the files that you’ve staged in your local repository.

git commit -m "First commit"

Now After the “git status” command, it can be seen that nothing to commit is left, Hence all files have been committed.

Step 3: Initializing a Local Git Repository

Follow the steps given below to initialize your Local Repository with Git.

Open GitHub through the internet and click on create new repository Give a suitable name for your repository and create the repository.

Creating New Repository

Initiailzed Git Repo

Note: You can choose to initialize your git repository with a README file, and further, you can mention your project details in it. It helps people know what this repository is about. However, it’s absolutely not necessary. But if you do initialize your repo with a README file using an interface provided by GitHub, then your local repository won’t have this README file.

The following will appear after creating the repository

New Repository

Step 4: Connect the local Repository to GitHub

Go to the GitHub repository and in the code, section copy the URL and In the Command prompt, add the URL for your repository where your local repository will be pushed.

git remote add origin repository_URL

Push the changes in your local repository to GitHub.

git push origin master

Here the files have been pushed to the master branch of your repository. Now in the GitHub repository, the pushed files can be seen.

Step 5: Pulling and Pushing Changes to GitBash

Suppose the files are being changed and new files are added to the local repository. To save the changes in the git repository:

Download all the other changes from the remote repository to the local repository.

git pull 

Changes have to be staged for the commit.

git add .

or

git add file_name

Now commit the staged files.

git commit -m "commit_name"

Push the changes.

git push origin master

Pushing Changes to GitBash

New changes can be seen:

Updated Directory

How to Create and Manage Branches in GitBash?

Suppose a team is working on a project and a branch is created for every member working on the project. Hence every member will work on their branches hence every time the best branch is merged with the master branch of the project. The branches make it a version-controlling system and make it very easy to maintain a project source code.

Syntax

  • List all of the branches in your repository.
git branch
  • Create a new branch
git branch branch_name
  • Safe Delete the specified branch
git branch -d branch_name
  • Force delete the specified branch
git branch -D branch_name

To navigate between the branches git checkout is used. To create a new branch and switch on it.

git checkout -b new_branch_name

To simply switch to a branch

git checkout branch_name

After checkout to the branch, you can see a * on the current branch Now the same commit add and commit actions can be performed on this branch also.

new branch

Git Bash

Merging Branches in GitBash

First, reach the target branch

git checkout branch_name

Merge the branch to target branch

git merge new_branc

Cloning Repositories in GitBash

Cloning is used to get a copy of the existing git repository. When you run the git clone command it makes the zip folder saved in your default location

git clone url

This command saves the directory as the default directory name of the git repository To save the directory name as your custom name an additional argument is to be passed for your custom name of the directory

git clone url custom_name

Undoing Commits in GitBash

When there is a situation when you forget to add some files to commit and want to undo any commit, it can be committed again using –amend

Syntax:

git commit --amend

Conclusion

You may manage your code using the Git Bash tool. Because it has a command-line interface, you can use scripts to automate processes. You can use it on Windows, Mac, and Linux because it is a cross-platform application. It is open-source and free. Some of the fundamental and sophisticated Git Bash commands have been discussed in this post. Git Bash’s capabilities for cloning repositories, creating and managing branches, merging branches, and undoing changes have also been addressed.



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How to Install GIT on Linux
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    • Git and DevOps: Integrating Version Control with CI/CD Pipelines
      It is quite surprising how many development teams find themselves with problems such as version control for code, consistency concerns, and the problem of releasing updates. When these challenges are not accompanied by proper version control mechanisms or a CI/CD system integration, they result in i
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    • How To Create A Basic CI Workflow Using GitHub Actions?
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    • How To Set Up Continuous Integration With Git and Jenkins?
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    • How to Set Up a CI Pipeline for Ktor Using GitHub Actions?
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    • Introduction to GitHub Actions
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    • Integrating Jenkins With Popular GitHub
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    • Managing Git Repositories with GitLab
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    Git Remote Repositories

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    • Git- Setting up a Repository
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    • Creating Repository in GitHub
      In this article, we will learn how to publish or upload projects to our GitHub account. This article will give you very detailed information about what is GitHub and how to set up a GitHub account. We will cover a brief introduction to GitHub and then we will step by step about How to create and man
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    • Working With Git Repositories
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    Collaborating with Git

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    • Difference Between fork and clone in GitHub
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    • How to Update or Sync a Forked Repository on GitHub?
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