What is the Process of Biotechnology?

Last Updated : 18 Apr, 2025

Biotechnology is a branch of biology that applies technology to biological processes in living organisms or their components to modify and utilize them for specific purposes. It is one of the oldest industrial technologies, with early examples such as the use of fermentation in alcohol production. In recent years, biotechnology has expanded into areas like genomics, applied immunology, recombinant gene methodologies, and pharmaceuticals. Its applications range from agriculture to genetic engineering and medicine.

It also plays a significant role in bioinformatics for research and development and biochemical engineering for the production and extraction of products from living organisms.

Biotechnology has transitioned from basic techniques like selective breeding and fermentation to advanced procedures such as recombinant DNA technology, gene editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9), synthetic biology, omics technologies, bioinformatics, and 3D bioprinting. Each advancement has expanded our ability to manipulate biological systems, leading to breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

These advancements have led to the creation of numerous products and services beneficial to humanity, such as:

Cell Biology
Molecular biology
Immunology
Biochemistry
Chemical engineering
Genetic engineering

Biotechnology drives innovation and development across various fields, offering solutions and improvements for health, agriculture, and industry. Its ability to manipulate biological systems at the molecular level opens up possibilities for new treatments, sustainable agricultural practices, and efficient industrial processes.