The waste management system is one of the most common software development projects to date. In this article, we will make the Waste Management System software development project, from scratch, for final-year students. We will be covering all the steps you have to do while developing this project.
How to create a Waste Management System Project?
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All phasesProject Development is a multiphase process in which every process is equally important. Here in this post, we are also going to develop our Waste Management System Project in multiple phases, such as:
- Team Formation
- Topic Selection
- Creating Project Synopsys
- Requirement Gathering
- Coding or Implementation
- Testing
- Project Presentation
- Writing a Research Paper
Let us look into the steps one by one.
Step 1- Team Formation Phase: Creating a Dynamic Team
Team formation for a final-year project is a crucial aspect that can significantly impact the success and efficiency of the project. In the final year, students often have diverse academic backgrounds, skills, and interests. Therefore, forming a well-balanced team becomes essential to leverage the strengths of each member and address any potential weaknesses.
In Our project, we will be exploring web applications for a Waste Management system project so we will be required below skill sets.
- Front end Developer
- Back end Developer
- Tester
- DevOps Developer
Step 2- Topic Selection
While making our Waste management system project this will be our second step in which we will find an interesting problem statement and try to generate an idea to solve that problem using our knowledge.
Choose a topic related to your field of study that is of great interest to you. It is advised that you pick a topic that has a powerful motive. For instance, a project that helps humankind will truly be unmatched. Another factor to keep in mind is to choose topics that aren’t very common.
You Can Pick some of the unique Software Development Ideas from Top 50 Software Development Ideas for Beginners article.
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Topic Selection Phase- Topic Planning: In this phase team will gather and try to search a topic or problem statement by brainstorming, reverse thinking or any other strategy and select a problem that is challenging in nature and solvable by using their combined knowledge of tech.
- Defining & Set Objective: After planning the problem statement we will define a clear problem statement and its objectives.
Result: At the end of this phase we will have a problem statement for our project.
In our example we are selecting the topic ” Waste Management System ” .
After the selection of the topic we are going to start our project work in the following steps:
Step 3- Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
A project synopsis serves as a concise overview or summary of a proposed project, offering a brief but comprehensive insight into its objectives, scope, methodology, and expected outcomes. It typically acts as a preliminary document, providing supervisors, or evaluators with a quick understanding of the project before they delve into more detailed documentation.
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Synopsys Creation PhaseThe project synopsis usually includes key elements such as the project title, problem statement or context, objectives, scope and limitations, methodology or approach, expected outcomes, and the significance of the project in the broader context. It serves as a roadmap, guiding readers through the fundamental aspects of the project and helping them grasp its purpose and potential impact.
Below are some of the points we have to cover in the synopsis report :
- Project Title
- Introduction of Project
- Problem Statement
- Proposed Solution
- Objective of the Project
- Scope of the Project
- Methodologies used
- ER Model
- Use case Diagram
- Dataflow Diagram
- Features of the project
- Impact of the project
- Limitations of the project
- Future scope of the project
Let’s create a Synopsys Report for the Waste Management System Project:
3.1 Introduction | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
A Waste Management System (WMS) is a software application that streamlines and automates the operations involved in waste collection, processing, and disposal. It is a comprehensive solution for managing tasks such as scheduling pickups, tracking waste containers, monitoring waste levels, and optimizing routes. The primary objective of a WMS is to efficiently organize and manage waste management processes, making it easier for waste management professionals to carry out their daily tasks and creating a seamless experience for users. By leveraging advanced technology, a WMS ensures that waste is handled in an environmentally responsible and cost-effective manner.
3.1.1 Problem Statement for Waste Management System Project :
Traditional waste management systems are struggling to keep up with the growing demands of modern urban environments. Inefficiencies in route planning, inadequate tracking of waste levels, and a lack of data analytics tools hinder waste management professionals from optimizing collection processes and improving service delivery. To address these challenges, waste management operations need a modern Waste Management System with an intuitive interface, effective tracking, and robust analytics capabilities to transform waste management into a streamlined, efficient, and environmentally responsible process in the digital age.
3.1.2 Proposed Solution for Waste Management System Project :
To address the challenges in waste management, we are developing a Web Application for Waste Management System using HTML, TailwindCSS, JavaScript, Node.js, and MongoDB. This system will provide a User-friendly Interface for easy navigation, Efficient Request Management for raising and tracking waste collection requests, Seamless Request Assignment to drivers, Automated Tracking of waste collection activities, Real-time Updates on request statuses, and Secure Access Control managed by administrators.
3.1.3 Objective of the Project:
The objective of the Waste Management System (WMS) project is to design and implement an efficient and user-friendly system that automates the various tasks associated with managing a Waste(Trash) in city.
The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive web application that efficiently manages service requests through three distinct user roles: Admin, Driver, and User. The application aims to streamline the process of request creation, assignment, tracking, and resolution, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and transparency of service operations. Key objectives include:
- Facilitating User Requests: Provide users with an intuitive interface to raise, track, and manage service requests, with a detailed dashboard to monitor the status and statistics of their requests.
- Optimizing Driver Operations: Equip drivers with tools to view, accept, resolve, or reject assigned requests, supported by a personalized dashboard to track their performance and workload.
- Streamlining Administrative Tasks: Enable administrators to efficiently manage users and drivers, assign requests, and oversee the entire request lifecycle, supported by a comprehensive dashboard for insightful data analysis and operational oversight.
- Enhancing Transparency and Accountability: Ensure that all users have access to real-time data and updates regarding requests, fostering a transparent environment where accountability is maintained across all levels.
- Improving Decision-Making: Utilize detailed reporting and analytics to provide actionable insights for administrators, aiding in better decision-making and resource allocation.
By achieving these objectives, the web application aims to create a seamless and effective service management system that meets the needs of all stakeholders involved.
3.1.4 Scope of the Project:
It may help collecting perfect management in details . In a very short time the collection will be obvious simple and sensible. it will help a person to know the management of passed year perfectly and vividly. it also helps in current all works relative to Waste management system project. It will reduce the cost of collecting the management and collection procedure will go on smoothly.
The scope of the project of Waste management system typically covers the following aspects:
Functional Scope
- User Module:
- Request Management:
- Raise new service requests.
- Track the status of requests.
- View detailed information on request history.
- Dashboard:
- Display the total number of requests.
- Show the status of requests (created, pending, rejected, completed).
- Categorize requests by type.
- Driver Module:
- Request Handling:
- View requests assigned by the admin.
- Accept or reject requests.
- Mark requests as completed.
- Dashboard:
- Display the number of assigned requests.
- Track completed and rejected requests.
- Monitor overall performance metrics.
- Admin Module:
- Request and Driver Management:
- Assign requests to drivers.
- Create, edit, and delete driver profiles.
- Approve or reject service requests.
- User Management:
- View and manage user profiles.
- Dashboard:
- Display all request metrics (total, pending, rejected, completed).
- Show the number of drivers and users.
- Provide insights on request types and statuses.
Non-Functional Scope
- Performance:
- The system should handle multiple simultaneous users without significant performance degradation.
- Response times for user actions (raising requests, updating statuses) should be minimal.
- Scalability:
- The application should be designed to accommodate future growth in the number of users, drivers, and requests without requiring a complete overhaul.
- Security:
- Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms to ensure data privacy and prevent unauthorized access.
- Secure sensitive data both in transit and at rest using encryption.
- Usability:
- The user interface should be intuitive and easy to navigate for all user roles.
- Provide a responsive design that works well on various devices (desktops, tablets, smartphones).
- Reliability:
- Ensure high availability and minimal downtime.
- Implement robust error handling and logging to facilitate troubleshooting and maintain system stability.
- Maintainability:
- Code should be modular and well-documented to ease future maintenance and updates.
- Use standard development practices to ensure the system can be easily updated and extended.
- Compliance:
- Ensure the application complies with relevant data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA).
- Adhere to industry standards for web application development.
- Accessibility:
- Design the application to be accessible to users with disabilities, following guidelines such as WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).
By defining these functional and non-functional scopes, the project can be developed with a clear understanding of its requirements and constraints, ensuring that the final product meets the needs of all stakeholders
3.2 Methodologies | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
In WMS we are using various technologies and new methodologies to solve our problems. Below are a detailed description about the technology used and the methods we are applying in our project.
Technology Used:
Here we are developing a Waste Management System (WMS) using HTML (EJS), CSS, Javascript, TailwindCSS for the frontend, and Node.js, Express.js and Mongo.db for the backend involves a structured methodology.
ER Model of Waste Management System Project:
An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) for a Waste Management System (WMS) models the entities and their relationships within the system. Below is a simplified ERD for a Waste Management System. In Synopsys we make a rough ER Diagram to give a idea about the working of the project.
Let’s Draw an ER Model for a Waste Management System Project :
ER diagram of Waste management system
Entities:
- User
- Attributes: _id, name, number, email, address, password, time_stamp
- Driver
- Attributes: _id, name, email, phone, license, vehicle, vehicleType, password
- Admin
- Attributes: _id, name, email, password
- Request
- Attributes: _id, name, address, request_type, message, email, status, time, assignedDriver, assignedDriverId
Relationships:
- One-to-Many relationship:
- The user creates many Requests (User 1 --- * Request)
- The driver is assigned to many Requests (Driver 1 --- * Request)
- Admin assigns many Requests (Admin 1 --- * Request)
These entities and relationships represent the structure and connections within the system, enabling users, drivers, and admins to interact with and manage requests effectively.
Data Flow Diagram of Waste Management System Project:
The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) serves as a visual representation of the flow of information within the Waste Management System. This diagram illustrates how data, such as waste collection requests, driver assignments, and waste disposal records, moves between various system components.
- Processes, represented by circles or ovals, depict activities such as:
- Request Management (raising and tracking waste collection requests)
- Assignment Management (assigning requests to drivers)
- Collection Management (resolving or rejecting requests by drivers)
- Data stores, depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored, including:
- Request Database (storing waste collection requests and their details)
- Driver Database (storing driver information and assignments)
- Waste Disposal Records (storing waste collection and disposal data)
- Data flows, indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes, data stores, and external entities like:
- Users (raising and tracking waste collection requests)
- Drivers (checking assigned requests and updating their status)
- Administrators (assigning requests, managing drivers, and monitoring system data)
The DFD for the Waste Management System provides a comprehensive overview of the data flow and interactions within the system, aiding in the analysis, design, and communication of the system's functional aspects. It helps visualize how users, drivers, and administrators interact with the system, and how data moves between different components for efficient waste collection and disposal management.
Level 0 DFD of Waste Management system:
Level 0 DFD of Waste Management SystemLevel 1 DFD of waste management system:
DFD level 1 of user module in Waste management system
DFD level 1 of driver module in Waste management system
DFD level 1 of admin module in waste management systemLevel 2 DFD of Waste Management System
DFD level 2 of Driver module in waste management system
DFD level 2 of admin module in waste management systemUse Case Diagram of Waste Management System Project:
Use case diagram referred as a Behaviour model or diagram. It simply describes and displays the relation or interaction between the users or customers and providers of application service or the system. It describes different actions that a system performs in collaboration to achieve something with one or more users of the system. Use case diagram is used a lot nowadays to manage the system
Here is a Use Case Diagram for Waste Management System Project :
Use case diagram of Waste management system3.3 Features | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
The proposed Waste Management System (WMS) is designed to simplify the day-to-day activities of waste management, providing features for users, drivers and administrators.
User Features:
- Request Creation:
- Users can create service requests by providing details such as request type, description, and location.
- They can specify the urgency or priority of the request.
- Users can attach any relevant documents or images related to the request.
- Request Tracking:
- Users can track the status of their requests in real-time.
- They receive notifications or updates when their requests are changed.
- Detailed request history is available for users to review past requests and resolutions.
- Dashboard:
- Users have access to a personalized dashboard displaying their active and past requests.
- The dashboard provides statistics such as the number of requests created, pending, resolved, and rejected.
- Users can filter and sort requests based on various parameters like date, status, or type.
- Communication:
- Users can communicate with administrators or drivers regarding their requests through messaging or comments.
- They receive notifications for any messages or updates related to their requests.
- Feedback:
- Users can provide feedback on the resolution of their requests, helping to improve service quality.
- Feedback mechanisms may include ratings, comments, or satisfaction surveys.
Driver Features:
- Request Management:
- Drivers can view assigned service requests along with details such as type, description, and location.
- They can accept, reject, or mark requests as completed based on their availability and capability.
- Route Optimization:
- Drivers have access to route optimization tools to efficiently plan their service routes.
- They can prioritize requests based on factors like proximity, urgency, or type.
- Communication:
- Drivers can communicate with users or administrators regarding assigned requests.
- They receive notifications for any updates or messages related to their assigned requests.
- Dashboard:
- Drivers have a dashboard displaying their assigned requests, including pending, completed, and rejected requests.
- The dashboard provides insights into their performance metrics, such as response time and resolution rate.
- Navigation Assistance:
- Drivers have access to navigation tools or integration with GPS systems to navigate to the location of assigned requests efficiently.
Admin Features:
- User and Driver Management:
- Admins can create, edit, or delete user and driver profiles.
- They can verify and approve new driver registrations, ensuring compliance with eligibility criteria.
- Request Assignment:
- Admins assign service requests to available drivers based on factors like location, availability, and skillset.
- They can prioritize requests or assign them manually based on urgency or importance.
- Dashboard and Reporting:
- Admins have access to comprehensive dashboards displaying key metrics and analytics.
- They can generate reports on request volume, resolution times, user feedback, and driver performance.
- Communication:
- Admins can communicate with users and drivers regarding request assignments, updates, or clarifications.
- They can send broadcast messages or notifications to all users or drivers when necessary.
- System Configuration:
- Admins have the authority to configure system settings, such as request categories, priority levels, and notification preferences.
- They can customize workflows and approval processes to streamline service operations.
These detailed features provide a comprehensive overview of the capabilities and functionalities available to each user role in the web application.
3.4 Impact | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
The impact of the project can be significant, benefiting various stakeholders involved in the service management process. Here are some key impacts:
- Improved Efficiency:
- The project streamlines the service request process, reducing manual efforts and paperwork.
- Automation of tasks such as request assignment and tracking enhances operational efficiency.
- Enhanced Customer Experience:
- Users experience faster response times and improved communication regarding their service requests.
- Transparency in request tracking and status updates increases user satisfaction and trust in the service provider.
- Optimized Resource Utilization:
- Efficient assignment of requests to drivers based on proximity, availability, and skillset maximizes resource utilization.
- Route optimization tools minimize travel time and fuel consumption, leading to cost savings.
- Better Decision-Making:
- Administrators gain access to real-time data and analytics through dashboards and reports.
- Insights into request volume, resolution times, and user feedback facilitate data-driven decision-making and process improvements.
- Increased Accountability:
- Clear assignment and tracking of requests improve accountability among users, drivers, and administrators.
- Performance metrics and feedback mechanisms hold stakeholders accountable for service quality and responsiveness.
- Scalability and Adaptability:
- The project's architecture is designed for scalability, allowing for the seamless addition of new users, drivers, and features as the service expands.
- Flexible configurations and customization options enable the system to adapt to changing requirements and operational needs.
- Positive Organizational Impact:
- The project enhances the organization's reputation for delivering efficient and reliable services.
- Improved service quality and customer satisfaction contribute to positive brand perception and customer loyalty.
- Social and Environmental Benefits:
- Reduced response times and optimized route planning contribute to lower carbon emissions and environmental impact.
- Faster resolution of service requests positively impacts the community by addressing issues promptly and effectively.
Overall, the project's impact extends beyond operational improvements to encompass customer satisfaction, resource optimization, and organizational growth. It enhances service delivery processes, fosters accountability, and contributes to positive social and environmental outcomes.
3.5 Limitations | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
While the project offers various benefits, it's essential to acknowledge its limitations to manage expectations and address potential challenges. Here are some limitations of the project:
- Dependency on Technology:
- The success of the project relies heavily on technology infrastructure, including servers, databases, and network connectivity. Any downtime or technical issues can disrupt service delivery.
- User Adoption Challenges:
- Users, drivers, and administrators may face a learning curve when adapting to the new system, leading to resistance or reluctance to change.
- Training and support resources may be required to facilitate user onboarding and adoption.
- Data Security Risks:
- Storing and processing sensitive user data, such as personal information and service requests, poses security risks.
- Data breaches or unauthorized access can compromise user privacy and damage the organization's reputation.
- System Scalability Limits:
- While the project architecture may be designed for scalability, there could be practical limits to the system's ability to handle a growing volume of users, requests, and data.
- Scaling infrastructure and resources to accommodate increased demand may require additional investments and resources.
- Integration Challenges:
- Integrating the project with existing systems, such as CRM (Customer Relationship Management) or ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, may present challenges.
- Compatibility issues, data synchronization, and workflow alignment could hinder seamless integration.
- Geographic Limitations:
- Geographic constraints, such as coverage areas or service availability may limit the project's effectiveness.
- Rural or remote locations may have limited access to technology infrastructure, affecting the reach and impact of the project.
- Maintenance and Support Requirements:
- Maintenance and support are essential to ensure the project's long-term viability and performance.
- Regular updates, bug fixes, and user support services may require dedicated resources and investment.
- Regulatory Compliance Issues:
- Depending on the industry and jurisdiction, the project must comply with relevant regulations and data protection laws, such as GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).
- Ensuring compliance adds complexity and may necessitate changes to processes and procedures.
- Cost Considerations:
- Implementing and maintaining the project incurs costs related to technology infrastructure, software development, training, and support.
- Budget constraints may limit the project's scope or hinder the implementation of desired features and enhancements.
- User Experience and Accessibility:
- Ensuring a seamless and intuitive user experience across different devices and platforms can be challenging.
- Accessibility considerations for users with disabilities may require additional design and development efforts.
By acknowledging these limitations, stakeholders can proactively address challenges and mitigate risks to maximize the project's success and impact
3.6 Future Scope | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project
The future scope of the project encompasses potential enhancements, expansions, and advancements that can further improve service delivery, user experience, and organizational efficiency. Here are some future scope considerations for the project:
- Enhanced Mobile Experience:
- Develop dedicated mobile applications for users, drivers, and administrators to provide seamless access to service features on smartphones and tablets.
- Implement mobile-specific features such as push notifications, location-based services, and offline capabilities for improved user engagement and convenience.
- Predictive Analytics and AI Integration:
- Utilize predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms to forecast demand, optimize resource allocation, and improve service scheduling.
- Implement AI-powered chatbots for automated customer support, request triaging, and resolution recommendations, enhancing operational efficiency and user satisfaction.
- IoT Integration for Smart Services:
- Integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors and smart meters, to enable proactive monitoring and management of service infrastructure.
- Explore opportunities for IoT-enabled smart services, such as predictive maintenance, automated meter readings, and remote diagnostics.
- Expanded Service Offerings:
- Diversify service offerings to cater to a broader range of user needs and preferences.
- Introduce new service categories, subscription plans, or value-added services to enhance the project's value proposition and revenue potential.
- Blockchain for Transparency and Trust:
- Explore the use of blockchain technology for secure and transparent transaction management, data integrity, and auditability.
- Implement blockchain-based solutions for tracking service requests, verifying authenticity, and ensuring trust between stakeholders.
- Integration with Smart City Initiatives:
- Collaborate with municipal authorities and smart city initiatives to integrate the project with broader urban development efforts.
- Leverage data sharing and interoperability standards to contribute to smart city ecosystems and initiatives focused on sustainability, resilience, and citizen well-being.
- Partnerships and Ecosystem Development:
- Forge partnerships with complementary service providers, technology vendors, and industry stakeholders to expand the project's ecosystem.
- Explore opportunities for cross-platform integrations, interoperability, and value-added services through strategic alliances and collaborations.
- Continuous Improvement and Innovation:
- Establish mechanisms for continuous feedback collection, user engagement, and iterative improvement of service features and functionalities.
- Foster a culture of innovation and experimentation to explore emerging technologies, user trends, and market opportunities for sustained relevance and competitiveness.
- Global Expansion and Localization:
- Assess opportunities for global expansion into new markets and regions with similar service needs and demographic profiles.
- Customize the project's features, language support, and regulatory compliance to address local requirements and preferences in target markets.
- Sustainability and Social Impact:
- Integrate sustainability principles and social impact initiatives into the project's strategy and operations.
- Implement green technology solutions, community engagement programs, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to contribute positively to environmental and social well-being.
By embracing these future scope considerations, the project can evolve into a dynamic and resilient platform that delivers value to stakeholders, fosters innovation and contributes to positive societal outcomes.
After Creating Synopsys of our project we will start building Software Requirement Specification for our project, which will be our next phase.
Step 4- Requirement Gathering (Creating SRS for Waste Management System)
This is the next phase after the submission of the synopsis report. We can do this process before the Synopsys report creation as well , It is all depends upon the project and their requirements. After getting an overview of the project now, we can easily gather requirements for our project.
Requirement analysis, also known as requirements engineering or elicitation, is a critical phase in the software development process. It involves gathering, documenting, and analysing the needs and constraints of a project to define its scope and guide subsequent development.
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Requirement Gathering PhaseWe develop a detailed Software Requirement Specification for the Waste Management System Project , in this process which will have all the details about the project from Technical to Non Technical Requirements.
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document | Waste Management System Project
Below are some of the key points in a Software Requirement Specification Document:
- Purpose
- Scope
- References
- Introduction
- Overall Description
- Product Perspective
- Product Function
- User Classes and characteristics
- Operating Environment
- Assumptions and Dependencies
- Functional Requirements
- Software Requirements
- Hardware Requirements
- Database Requirements
- Non-Functional Requirement
- Usability Requirements
- Security Requirements
- Availability Requirements
- Scalability Requirements
- Performance Requirements
- Design
- ER Model of WMS
- Use Case Diagram
- System Features
Note: To know more about What is a SRS Document or How to write a good SRS for your Project follow these articles.
Let’s Start building a Software Requirement Specification for Waste Management System Project Document for our project:
4.1 SRS (Waste Management System) | Introduction:
4.1.1 Purpose:
The purpose of the project is to streamline service management processes by providing users with a convenient platform to create, track, and manage service requests efficiently. By connecting users, drivers, and administrators through a centralized system, the project aims to improve operational transparency, optimize resource allocation, and enhance overall service delivery. Through automation, data-driven decision-making, and user-centric design, the project seeks to elevate customer satisfaction, increase organizational efficiency, and foster innovation in service management practices. Ultimately, the purpose is to create a seamless and user-friendly experience that meets the evolving needs of stakeholders while contributing to positive societal impact and organizational growth.
4.1.2 Scope of the Project:
The scope of the project encompasses the development and implementation of a comprehensive service management platform designed to streamline and optimize the handling of service requests. This platform will serve as a central hub for users, drivers, and administrators to interact and manage service-related activities efficiently. Key features include request creation, tracking, assignment, and reporting functionalities, tailored to meet the diverse needs of stakeholders. The scope extends to the integration of advanced technologies, such as mobile applications, predictive analytics, and IoT devices, to enhance service delivery and user experience.
Furthermore, the project scope includes the customization and configuration of the platform to align with the specific requirements and workflows of the target organization. This involves thorough analysis and documentation of existing processes, followed by the design and implementation of tailored solutions to address pain points and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, the scope encompasses the development of scalable architecture and robust security measures to ensure the platform's reliability, scalability, and data integrity.
Moreover, the project scope extends beyond technical implementation to encompass training, support, and change management initiatives. This includes the provision of user training sessions, documentation, and ongoing support resources to facilitate smooth adoption and utilization of the platform. Change management strategies will be employed to minimize resistance to organizational changes and maximize user acceptance. Additionally, the project scope involves continuous monitoring, evaluation, and enhancement of the platform to adapt to evolving needs and emerging technologies, ensuring its long-term relevance and effectiveness in meeting organizational goals.
4.1.3 References:
Books:
- Software Requirements (Microsoft) Second Edition By Karl E. Wiegers
- Fundamentals of Database System By Elmasri
- Software Requirements and Specifications: A Lexicon of Practice, Principles and Prejudices (ACM Press) by Michael Jackson
- Fundamentals of Software Engineering By Rajib Mall
- Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Fifth Edition By Roger S. Pressman
4.2 SRS (Waste Management System) | Overall Description:
4.2.1 Product Perspective:
From a project perspective, the initiative aims to revolutionize service management by leveraging advanced technology to create a user-centric platform. By streamlining request handling processes and enhancing communication between users, drivers, and administrators, the project seeks to improve operational efficiency, increase customer satisfaction, and drive organizational growth. Through a combination of innovative features, robust infrastructure, and strategic partnerships, the project endeavors to establish itself as a leading solution in the service management domain, delivering tangible value to stakeholders while promoting sustainability and social impact.
4.2.2 Product Functions:
The project functions encompass a range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless service management. These functions include:
- Request Creation: Users can easily create service requests through the platform, providing details such as request type, description, and urgency.
- Request Tracking: Users have the ability to track the status of their requests in real-time, receiving updates and notifications as the requests progress.
- Request Assignment: Administrators can assign service requests to available drivers, considering factors such as location, availability, and skillset.
- User and Driver Management: Administrators can manage user and driver profiles, including registration, verification, and access control.
- Communication: Users, drivers, and administrators can communicate seamlessly through the platform, facilitating collaboration and information exchange.
- Reporting and Analytics: The platform provides comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities, allowing administrators to gain insights into request volume, resolution times, and user feedback.
- Route Optimization: Drivers can optimize their routes for efficient service delivery, minimizing travel time and fuel consumption.
- Feedback Management: Users can provide feedback on the resolution of their requests, enabling continuous improvement of service quality.
- Mobile Access: Users, drivers, and administrators can access the platform through dedicated mobile applications, ensuring convenience and accessibility on the go.
- Integration: The platform can integrate with existing systems and technologies, such as CRM and GPS, to enhance functionality and interoperability.
These functions collectively empower stakeholders to streamline service operations, improve customer satisfaction, and drive organizational success.
4.2.3 Class Diagram and Characteristics:
A class diagram is a structural diagram that represents the structure of a system by depicting classes, their attributes, operations (methods), and the relationships between them. In the Waste Management System, the class diagram can be explained as follows:
Class diagram of Waste management system
Classes:
- User: This class represents the users of the system who can raise and track waste collection requests. It may have attributes such as name, address, contact information, and methods like raiseRequest(), trackRequest(), and viewDashboard().
- Driver: This class represents the drivers responsible for collecting and disposing of waste. It may have attributes like driverName, driverID, and methods like checkAssignedRequests(), resolveRequest(), rejectRequest(), and viewDriverDashboard().
- Admin: This class represents the administrators who manage the system. It may have attributes like adminName, adminID, and methods like assignRequestToDriver(), createDriver(), deleteDriver(), rejectRequest(), and viewAdminDashboard().
- Request: This class represents the waste collection requests raised by users. It may have attributes like requestID, requestType, requestDescription, requestStatus, and requestor (a reference to the User class).
- Vehicle: This class represents the vehicles used by drivers for waste collection. It may have attributes like vehicleType, vehicleCapacity, and a reference to the Driver class.
Relationships:
- Association: An association relationship exists between the User and Request classes, as a user can raise multiple requests. Similarly, an association exists between the Driver and Request classes, as a driver can handle multiple requests.
- Aggregation: An aggregation relationship exists between the Driver and Vehicle classes, as a driver can be assigned one or more vehicles for waste collection.
- Inheritance: The Admin and Driver classes can inherit from a common base class, such as Employee, which may have common attributes like employeeID and employeeName.
4.2.4 General Constraints:
For your waste management system, here are some general constraints:
- Data Storage and Accessibility:
- All information related to users, waste requests, drivers, and administrators must be stored in a database accessible by the waste management system.
- MongoDB will be used as the database engine and database for storing data related to waste requests, users, drivers, and administrators.
- System Availability:
- The Waste Management System is expected to operate 24/7 to ensure continuous service availability for users, drivers, and administrators.
- High availability measures, such as redundant servers and failover mechanisms, should be implemented to minimize downtime and ensure uninterrupted service.
- Accessibility for Users:
- Users should be able to access the Waste Management System from any device with internet browsing capabilities and an active internet connection.
- The system should be responsive and optimized for various screen sizes and devices to provide a seamless user experience.
- Authentication and Authorization:
- Users must authenticate themselves with correct usernames and passwords to access their accounts and perform actions within the waste management system.
- Role-based access control mechanisms should be implemented to enforce proper authorization and restrict access to sensitive functionalities based on user roles.
- Data Security:
- Robust security measures, such as encryption, access controls, and data masking, should be implemented to protect sensitive information stored in the system.
- Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments should be conducted to identify and address potential security risks and vulnerabilities.
- Compliance with Regulations:
- The Waste Management System must comply with relevant regulations and data protection laws governing waste management practices, data privacy, and environmental standards.
- Compliance requirements may include GDPR, HIPAA, or industry-specific regulations, depending on the nature of waste management operations and data handling practices.
- Scalability and Performance:
- The system should be designed to scale horizontally and vertically to accommodate increasing volumes of waste requests, users, and data over time.
- Performance tuning measures, such as query optimization and caching, should be implemented to ensure optimal system performance and responsiveness under varying workloads.
These constraints outline the key considerations and requirements that should be taken into account during the design, development, and operation of the waste management system.
4.2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies:
Assumptions:
- The waste management system's code will be developed with a high level of accuracy and without errors to ensure smooth functionality and reliability.
- The system will prioritize user-friendliness, providing an intuitive interface for users to easily navigate and perform actions.
- All user, waste request, driver, and administrator data will be stored in a database accessible by the waste management system, ensuring centralized data management and accessibility.
- The system will feature ample storage capacity and efficient database access to support the storage and retrieval of large volumes of data.
- The waste management system will incorporate search functionality and optimize transaction processing to facilitate quick and efficient operations.
- The system will operate continuously, 24 hours a day, to ensure availability and accessibility for users, drivers, and administrators.
- Users will be required to authenticate themselves with correct usernames and passwords to access their accounts and perform actions within the system, ensuring security and privacy.
Dependencies:
- The waste management system's functionality will depend on specific hardware and software configurations to ensure compatibility and optimal performance.
- The development and operation of the waste management system will be based on the requirements and specifications outlined during the planning phase.
- End users, including administrators and other stakeholders, will require proper training and understanding of the waste management system to effectively utilize its features and functionalities.
- The system will generate and store general reports, providing valuable insights and data analysis capabilities for administrators and decision-makers.
- User data will be securely stored in the system's database, and any updates or modifications related to waste requests will be accurately recorded to maintain data integrity and reliability.
4.3 SRS | Designing Waste Management System Project:
Use case Diagram:
Use Case Diagram of Waste Management System
The waste management system serves staff and clients, featuring a search tool based on waste categories. Staff can manage resources, while clients request services like waste collection and recycling, adhering to specified criteria. The system notifies users of service updates and schedules, enhancing communication between providers and clients.
ER Model of Waste Management System Project:
ER Diagram is known as Entity-Relationship Diagram, it is used to analyze the structure of the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their attributes. An ER Model provides a means of communication.
In the waste management system application database, the following entities and considerations are maintained:
- Staff Authentication:
- Staff members are authenticated using a single-point authentication system, consisting of a login ID and password for access to the system.
- Waste Collection Catalogue:
- Staff maintain a catalogue of waste collection services, including details such as waste type, location, service availability, and schedule.
- Service Providers:
- Service providers are registered with unique IDs, contact details, and service offerings, facilitating efficient coordination and communication.
- Clients and Users:
- Clients and users are registered with user IDs, contact information, and location details, enabling them to request waste management services and track service requests.
- Service Requests and Transactions:
- Users can request waste collection, recycling, or disposal services, with each request stamped with issue and return dates. If not returned within the prescribed time, a due date may be assigned.
- Reporting and Analytics:
- Staff generate reports containing user IDs, service request details, and transaction information, facilitating performance analysis and decision-making.
By maintaining these entities and considerations in the database, the waste management system application effectively manages waste collection services, facilitates user interactions, and enables data-driven decision-making for service providers
Let’s draw an ER Model of Waste Management System :
ER Diagram of WMS
Entities:
- User
- Attributes: _id, name, number, email, address, password, time_stamp
- Driver
- Attributes: _id, name, email, phone, license, vehicle, vehicleType, password
- Admin
- Attributes: _id, name, email, password
- Request
- Attributes: _id, name, address, request_type, message, email, status, time, assignedDriver, assignedDriverId
Relationships:
- One-to-Many relationship:
- The user creates many Requests (User 1 --- * Request)
- The driver is assigned to many Requests (Driver 1 --- * Request)
- Admin assigns many Requests (Admin 1 --- * Request)
Data Flow Diagram of Waste Management System Project:
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) visually represents the flow of information within the waste management system project, showcasing how data, such as waste collection requests, user details, and service records, moves between various components of the system.
- Processes, represented by circles or ovals, depict activities such as waste collection scheduling, recycling requests, and data analysis.
- Data stores, depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored, including databases housing waste management records and user profiles.
- Data flows, indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes, data stores, and external entities like waste management staff and clients.
- Let's draw a Data Flow Diagram for the Waste Management System Project:
Zero Level DFD of Waste Management System
More DFDs are above in the same post.
4.4 Functional Requirements | SRS (Waste Management System)
Functional Requirements for the Waste Management System:
- The system should store information about waste management staff and clients, including login credentials and service history.
- Waste management data should be stored in separate databases, distinguishing between staff and client records.
- Users should be able to search for waste management services by type, location, or availability.
- The system should generate reports detailing service requests, aiding staff in decision-making regarding request acceptance or rejection.
- Modules for waste collection scheduling and service requests should be available, allowing users to issue requests and track their status.
- Users should have the ability to search for service requests and renew existing requests within the system.
- Administrators must be able to add, remove, and manage waste management resources and user accounts, ensuring system integrity and efficiency.
4.4.1 Software Requirements:
This software package is developed using HTML(ejs) and TailwindCSS for the front end.
- Operating System: Windows 7, 8, 9, 10 11.
- Language: Html, Css, Javascript, TaillwindCSS, Node.js, Express.JS
- Database: MongoDB (back end)
4.4.2 Hardware Requirements:
- Processor: Intel core i3 or above for a stable experience and fast retrieval of data.
- Hard Disk: 40GB and above
- RAM: 256 MB or more, recommended 2 GB for fast reading and writing capabilities which will result in better performance time.
4.5 Non-Functional Requirements | SRS (Waste Management System)
4.5.1 Usability Requirements:
- Our user interface should be interactive simple and easy to understand. The system should prompt for the user and administrator to log in to the application for proper input criteria.
- The Waste management system shall handle expected and non–expected errors in ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime periods.
4.5.2 Security Requirements:
- System should use secured Database.
- Normal users can just read information but they cannot edit or modify anything except their personal and some other information.
- System will have different types of users and every user has access constraints.
- Proper user authentication should be provided.
- No one should be able to hack users password.
- There should be separate accounts for admin and members such that no member can access the database and only the admin has the rights to update the database.
4.5.3 Performance Requirements:
- The system shall accommodate a high number of books and users without any fault.
- Responses to view information shall take no longer than 5 seconds to appear on the screen.
4.5.4 Error Requirements:
WMS products shall handle expected and non-expected errors in ways that prevent loss of information and a long downtime period.
4.6 SRS (Waste Management System) | Appendices:
Appendix A:
- A: Admin, Abbreviation, Acronym, Assumptions.
- B: Books, Business rules.
- C: Class, Client, Conventions.
- D: Data requirement, Dependencies.
- G: GUI.
- N: Non-functional Requirement.
- O: Operating environment;
- P: Performance, Perspective, Purpose;
- R: Requirement, Requirement attributes;
- S: Safety, Scope, Security, System features;
- U: User, User class and characteristics, User requirement;
Glossary:
The following are the list of conventions and acronyms used in this document and the project as well:
- Administrator: A login id representing a user with user administration privileges to the software.
- User: A general login id assigned to most users.
- Client: Intended users for the software.
- User Interface Layer: The section of the assignment refers to what the user interacts with directly.
- Interface: Something used to communicate across different mediums.
5. Coding or Implementation of Waste Management System
At this stage, the fundamental development of the product starts. For this, developers use a specific programming code as per the design. Hence, the coders need to follow the protocols set by the association. Conventional programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are also put into use at this stage.
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Coding Implementation PhaseIn Our project, as we will be using node.js and mongodb so we will install all required software’s:
Environment Creation:
Required Softwares:
After we downloaded the above required software now we will start creating our project . In the following article We will discuss about different different modules compiled with same category.
We will discuss it stepwise :
4.2 Project Setup
In our project we are using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Tailwind.css and Node.js to build the project so in this stage we are going to code our project. Before going further lets talk about the environment we need for the project.
Source Code: https://github.com/geeksforgeeksorg/Waste-management-system
Here are the steps to run the code on your computer:
Step 1: Download the source code from GitHub
In this step we download the project from github go to project SOURCE CODE LINK then click on code then click on Download ZIP. After downloading the zip file extract the it at your desired path. Make sure you have downloaded the Node.js and MongoDB on your local computer.
Or you can also clone the repository by the command:
git clone https://github.com/geeksforgeeksorg/Waste-management-system.git
Step 2: Open the Command Prompt or Terminal
Navigate to the folder where you extracted the project files.
Step 3: Install Node.js Dependencies
In the command prompt or terminal, run the following command to install all necessary packages:
npm install nodemon
npm install
Step 4: Run the Node.js Application
In the command prompt or terminal (from the project directory), start the application by running:
npm start
You should see a message indicating that the server is running, typically something like:
Application is running successfully
DB Connected
Step 5: Access the application
Open your web browser and go to:
https://localhost:3000
You should see your application running.
Admin Module Credentials:
Username: [email protected]
Password: Admin@123
Here are the screenshots of the project:
User Module important screenshots
Driver Module important screenshots:
Admin Module important screenshots:
Step 6- Testing Waste Mangement System
Testing is a crucial phase in the development of a Waste management system (WMS) to ensure that it meets its intended requirements, functions correctly, and is free of bugs. Below are some key steps and considerations for the testing phase of a Waste management system.
Unit Testing:
- Test individual components or modules of the Waste Management System (WMS) in isolation to ensure their proper functioning.
- Identify and fix any bugs or issues found at the component level, such as request creation, user authentication, or driver assignment logic.
Integration Testing:
- Verify that different modules and components of the WMS work together seamlessly.
- Test the data flow and interactions between various parts of the system, such as the user module, driver module, and admin module.
Functional Testing:
- Validate that the WMS performs its intended functions accurately and efficiently.
- Test core functionalities like raising and tracking waste collection requests, assigning requests to drivers, updating request status, and generating reports.
User Interface (UI) Testing:
- Ensure that the user interface is user-friendly, intuitive, and visually appealing for all user roles (users, drivers, and admins).
- Check for consistency in design elements and responsiveness across different devices and screen sizes.
Performance Testing:
- Assess the system's performance under normal and peak load conditions, such as during high volumes of waste collection requests.
- Check response times, scalability, and overall system stability when handling multiple concurrent users and operations.
Security Testing:
- Identify and rectify any security vulnerabilities in the WMS.
- Ensure that user data, driver information, and waste collection records are handled securely, and unauthorized access is prevented.
Usability Testing:
- Evaluate the WMS from an end-user perspective to ensure ease of use for all user roles.
- Gather feedback on user interfaces, navigation, and overall user experience for raising requests, checking assignments, and managing the system.
Compatibility Testing:
- Test the WMS on various web browsers, operating systems, and devices to ensure cross-platform compatibility.
Regression Testing:
- Conduct tests to ensure that new changes, updates, or fixes do not negatively impact existing functionalities of the WMS.
- Re-run previously executed test cases to verify the overall system stability after introducing changes.
Deployment Testing:
- Conduct tests in the production environment to ensure a smooth transition from the testing phase to the live operation of the WMS.
- Verify that the system functions as expected when deployed in the real-world environment
Step 7- Creating Project Presentation on Waste Management System:
In this phase of software development, Team will have to present their work in front of authorities and they will judge your work and give suggestions on the improvement areas. Please make sure to host your web project before this step to make a good impression on the judges and authorities.
The ideal length of the ppt should be min 10 slides and maximum 15 slides , you will not have too much time to explain your project so prepare your presentation carefully using important key points.
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Project Presentation PhaseSome of the key points (slides) which your presentation should have are given below:
- Project Name and Team Details
- Introduction
- Purpose
- Project Scope
- Problem Statement
- Proposed Solution
- Product Functionalities
- Flow chart of the project
- Analysis of model
- Summary
Step 8- Writing a Research Paper on Waste Management System Project:
You can also write a research paper on the basis of your work . The Research paper will explore the significance of implementing an Integrated Waste Management System Project (WMS) to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall functionality of libraries.
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Key points for this paper includes:
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Methodologies Used
- Features
- Result and Discussion
- Acknowledgement
Future Enhancements for Waste Management System Project
- IoT and Sensor Integration: Deploy smart waste bins with fill-level sensors and GPS tracking to optimize collection routes and schedules based on real-time data.
- Mobile Apps: Develop user-friendly mobile applications for users to raise requests, drivers to update statuses, and admins to monitor performance on the go.
- GIS Integration: Incorporate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis, mapping waste collection points, routes, and disposal facilities for better planning.
- Gamification and Incentives: Introduce gamification elements like rewards, leaderboards, and social media integration to encourage user participation, promote sustainable practices, and foster community engagement.
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