Vulnerable Groups: Chapter-3 Class-9 Economics Notes
Last Updated : 17 Apr, 2025
The topic ‘Vulnerable Groups’ Chapter 3 Class 9 Economics discusses that in India, poverty varies widely among social groups and economic categories. The most vulnerable groups to poverty are the Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), rural landless laborers, and urban casual laborers. The proportion of people below the poverty line is not the same for all social groups and economic categories. For example, 43% of the poor in India are from Scheduled Tribes, 23% are from Scheduled Castes, and 34% are casual urban workers.
In this article, we will look into the topic of Vulnerable Groups in detail. It is an important topic of Class 9 NCERT. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on the topic ‘Vulnerable Groups’ Chapter 3 Class 9 Economics.
Vulnerable Groups
Poverty in India varies greatly across social and economic sectors. The most vulnerable groups to poverty are the Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), rural landless laborers, and urban casual laborers.
The number of persons living below the poverty line varies by social and economic category. For example, 43% of India's impoverished come from Scheduled Tribes, 23% from Scheduled Castes, and 34% are casual urban laborers. Recently, poverty has decreased for all these groups except the Scheduled Tribes. This is due to several factors, including increased access to education and employment opportunities.
The government has implemented several schemes to help vulnerable groups escape poverty. These schemes include the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which employs rural households, and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), which provides financial inclusion to the poor.
Despite these efforts, poverty remains a major challenge in India. The government needs to continue to implement policies that help vulnerable groups escape poverty and improve their standard of living.
Poverty in India
Poverty is one of the most important issues facing India today. It is a complex problem with many causes, and there is no easy solution. However, by understanding the causes of poverty, we can begin to develop strategies to address it.
- One of the main causes of poverty in India is the lack of economic development. For many years, India's economy was largely based on agriculture. However, in recent years, the economy has begun to shift towards industry and services. This shift has created new opportunities for some, but it has also left many behind.
- Another cause of poverty in India is the high rate of population growth. India's population is currently over 1.3 billion people, and it is growing rapidly. This rapid growth has put a strain on the country's resources, and it has made it difficult to create enough jobs for everyone.
- In addition to these economic factors, there are also several social factors that contribute to poverty in India. These include the caste system, gender discrimination, and lack of access to education and healthcare.
The caste system is a traditional social hierarchy that divides people into different groups based on their birth. People from lower castes are often discriminated against, and they have fewer opportunities to improve their lives. Gender discrimination is another major problem in India. Women are often denied access to education and employment, and they are often paid less than men for the same work. Finally, many people in India do not have access to basic education and healthcare. This makes it difficult for them to get good jobs and improve their lives.
Ways to Address Poverty in India
Poverty is a complex problem with many causes, but it is one that India must address. By understanding the causes of poverty, we can begin to develop strategies to reduce it. Here are some of the things that can be done to reduce poverty in India:
- Promote economic development by investing in infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
- Create more jobs by encouraging the growth of the private sector.
- Reduce population growth by providing family planning services and education.
- Address social problems such as the caste system and gender discrimination.
- Provide basic education and healthcare to all people.
- By taking these steps, India can begin to reduce poverty and improve the lives of its citizens.
Income Inequality in Vulnerable Groups
Income inequality is a growing problem around the world, and vulnerable groups are often the most affected. Vulnerable groups include people living in poverty, people with disabilities, women, and children. These groups often face barriers to employment, education, and healthcare, which can make it difficult for them to earn a decent living.
Income inequality can have several negative consequences for vulnerable groups. It can lead to poverty, hunger, and homelessness. It can also make it difficult for people to access healthcare, education, and other essential services. Income inequality can also lead to social unrest and political instability.
There are several things that can be done to address income inequality in vulnerable groups. Governments can implement policies that support low-income families, such as providing affordable housing, childcare, and healthcare. They can also invest in education and job training programs to help people develop the skills they need to get good-paying jobs. Businesses can also play a role by paying their workers a living wage and providing benefits such as paid sick leave and family leave.
Conclusion – Vulnerable Groups Chapter 3 Class 9 Economics
In conclusion, Chapter 3 of Class 9 Economics discusses income equality in vulnerable groups in India. The chapter begins by defining poverty and explaining how it is measured. It then goes on to discuss the various causes of poverty, including landlessness, illiteracy, unemployment, poor health or malnutrition, child labor, and more family members. The chapter also discusses the different types of poverty, such as rural poverty, urban poverty, and chronic poverty. The chapter then goes on to discuss the various policies and programs that have been implemented by the government to address poverty. These include the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), and the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
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