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Concentration of a Solution
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Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions

Last Updated : 19 Dec, 2023
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Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions are the types of solutions based on the concentration of solute in the solvent for any given solution. A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved at a given temperature, whereas unsaturated solutions contain less than the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved at a given temperature. Because carbonated water is saturated with carbon, it emits carbon through bubbles. Sand in water is an example of an unsaturated.

Solution Definition

Solution is a homogenous mixture of two components: solute and solvent. The solute is the component that is present in the minority and the solvent is the component that is present in the majority. A solute must be added to a solvent in order for a solution to form. At first, the solute dissolves in a solvent and forms a homogeneous solution. A solution in which solutes dissolve is referred to as an unsaturated solution. A solution is made up of two types of particles: solutes and solvents. Water is commonly used as a solvent (which is one of the reasons why water is also called the universal solvent) Some examples of solutions are,

  • A solution of sugar in water
  • A solution of salt in water
  • A solution of air in water
  • A solution of oxygen in nitrogen

Saturated Solution

Saturated Solution is defined as follows,

A saturated solution is a chemical solution that contains the largest quantity of solute contained in the solvent at the given temperature. The solute cannot be dissolved anymore in a saturated solution at that temperature.

The saturation point of any liquid is determined by the type of the material and the temperature. A saturated solution is one in which the quantity of dissolved solute equals the saturation point of the solvent. A solvent can dissolve some particular types of solutes in it. 

When the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent at a specified temperature then the solution can be termed as saturated solution. A saturated solution must not be heated as on heating the solution will become unsaturated. A solution cannot dissolve any more solute further upon reaching saturation. The undissolved substances remain at the bottom. The point at which the solute stops dissolving in the solvent is termed the saturation point.

Examples of Saturated Solution

Some examples of Saturated Solutions are as follows:

  • Soil is a saturated mixture consisting of nitrogen. On attaining the saturation point, the excess nitrogen is emitted out into the air in the form of gas.
  • Beverages, such as cold drinks are saturated solutions of dissolved CO2 in water.
  • Protein drinks which is a saturated solution of protein powder in milk or any other solvent.

Unsaturated Solution

Unsaturated Solution is defined as,

The solution in which more solute can be added at a given temperature is called unsaturated solution. Unsaturated solutions have the ability to dissolve additional solute until they achieve saturation. Solutes will no longer dissolve in the solvent after reaching the saturation threshold, resulting in unsaturated solutions. 

As a result, all solutions are considered to be largely unsaturated in nature before being transformed into saturated solutions by adding solute to them. The amount of solute that is contained in lesser amounts than the maximum value, that is before the solution reaches the saturation level is called an unsaturated solution. An unsaturated solution is basically a chemical solution that has a solute concentration lesser than its corresponding equilibrium solubility. 

Examples of Unsaturated Solution

Some examples of Unsaturated Solutions are as follows:

  • Salt or sugar dissolved in the water below the saturation point.
  • Air or mist.
  • Iced coffee.
  • Vinegar is the acetic acid solution in water.

Interconversion of Saturated and Unsaturated Solution

Saturated, Unsaturated Solution and Supersaturated Solution

 

Saturated solution on heating becomes unsaturated whereas an unsaturated solution becomes saturated upon cooling. On heating the saturated solution, the solubility of that particular solute increases in the given solvent. As a result of this, more solute can be dissolved into the solvent. However, in the case of cooling a solution, the solute particles which were initially dissolved in the solvent separate out as crystals.

Supersaturated Solution

Supersaturated Solution is defined as,

The solution in which more solute is added exceeding the saturation limit at given temperature is called Supersaturated Solution.

A supersaturated solution is prepared by adding more and more solute upon heating. We know that upon heating a saturated solution becomes unsaturated on heating, in this heated solution add more solute and keep this process going by elevating the temperature and adding more solutes and cooling it thus making the solution supersaturated as compared to the initially saturated solution.

Difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Solution

The key differences between Saturated and Unsaturated solutions are as follows:

Property

Saturated Solution

Unsaturated Solution

Dissolved Solute Concentration

 Contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature Contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved at a given temperature

Equilibrium State

 In a dynamic equilibrium where the rate of dissolution equals the rate of precipitation Not in a dynamic equilibrium, as the rate of dissolution is higher than the rate of precipitation

Solvent Capacity

 Solvent is unable to dissolve any additional solute without changing temperature or pressure Solvent has the potential to dissolve more solute

Precipitation

 No visible precipitation occurs under normal conditions Precipitation may occur when an additional solute is added

Temperature Effect

 Saturated solution temperature affects solubility (higher temperature can dissolve more solute) Temperature has no significant effect on solubility

Conductivity

 Conductivity is at its maximum as ions are in equilibrium Conductivity is lower due to fewer ions in the solution

Appearance

 Appears clear and transparent May appear cloudy or contain undissolved particles

How to find whether the given Solution is Saturated or Unsaturated?

To find whether any given solution is saturated or not, we can use the following steps:

Step 1: Add a small amount of solute to the solution.

Step 2: Stir the solution thoroughly.

Step 3: If the solute dissolves, the solution is unsaturated.

Step 4: If the solute does not dissolve, the solution is saturated.

Read More,

  • Pure and Impure Substance
  • Concentration of Solution
  • Molar Concentration Formula

Solution can be defined as the homogenous mixture of two components solute and solvent.

Q2:  What is a Saturated Solution?

Answer:

A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure.

Q3: How is a Saturated Solution formed?

Answer:

A saturated solution is formed by adding solute to a solvent and continuously stirring the mixture until no more solute can dissolve.

Q4: What happens if more Solute is added to a Saturated Solution?

Answer:

If more solute is added to a saturated solution, it will remain undissolved at the bottom of the container.

Q5: What is an Unsaturated Solution?

Answer:

An unsaturated solution is a solution in which the solvent has dissolved less solute than it is capable of dissolving at a given temperature and pressure. There is still room for more solute to be dissolved in the solvent.

Q6: How is an Unsaturated Solution formed?

Answer:

An unsaturated solution is formed by adding less solute to a solvent than it can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure. In this case, the solute will dissolve completely in the solvent, forming a homogeneous mixture.

Q7: What happens if more Solute is added to an Unsaturated Solution?

Answer:

If more solute is added to an unsaturated solution, it will continue to dissolve until the solution becomes saturated. The solute particles will mix evenly with the solvent particles, resulting in a higher concentration of the solute in the solution.

Q8: What is the difference between a Saturated Solution and an Unsaturated Solution?

Answer:

The key difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution is that in a saturated solution, the dissolved solute is the maximum amount of solute, a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure, while in an unsaturated solution, we can dissolve more solute in solvent.



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Concentration of a Solution

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      The idea of atoms dates back two millennia, long before John Dalton introduced the concept of atoms in 1803. Kanada, an ancient Indian philosopher, discussed the existence of indivisible particles, which he referred to as "anu." The rule of conservation of matter was introduced by French scientist L
      6 min read
    • Significance of the Symbol of Elements
      An element in chemistry refers to the purest form of a substance containing only atoms and cannot be broken down further by any means. These elements are classified according to their properties (both chemical and physical) and arranged according to their atomic number (Z) in the modern periodic tab
      6 min read
    • Difference Between Molecules and Compounds
      Molecules are the smallest building blocks that form the matter around us. They are the simplest particles that carry the properties of matter. Molecules are joined together to form the Compound. A molecule is the smallest unit of matter formed by joining various atoms together whereas the compounds
      6 min read
    • How to Calculate Valency of Radicals?
      To construct the formulas of ionic compounds, we must first understand the valencies of the positive and negative ions that combine to produce the ionic compounds. As a result, we'll start with ion valencies. The valency of an ion is equal to its charge. If an ion has one unit charge, its valency is
      5 min read
    • What is the Significance of the Formula of a Substance?
      Everyone may think that if the atom is very tiny in size, what is its importance of it? So, this is because the entire world is made up of atoms and molecules. As known that one cannot see them with the naked eyes but they are always present around. They may be in the surrounding, substances that ev
      5 min read
    • Gram Atomic and Gram Molecular Mass
      Avogadro's number is critical to understanding the structure of molecules as well as their interactions and combinations. e.g. because one atom of oxygen will combine with two atoms of hydrogen to form one molecule of water (H2O), one mole of oxygen (6.022 × 1023 of O atoms) will mix with two moles
      7 min read

    Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom

    • Charged Particles in Matter
      Can we deduce from these actions that rubbing two items together causes them to become electrically charged? The presence of charged particles in an atom was discovered thanks to the efforts of many scientists. By 1900, it was established that the atom was an indivisible particle that contained at l
      8 min read
    • What is Atom?
      Atoms are tiny particles that comprise all the things in the known universe. Atoms of an element are responsible for all chemical reactions occurring in nature. We know that atoms are made up of three fundamental particles namely, ElectronsProtonsNeutronsThese particles are also called subatomic par
      8 min read
    • Thomson's Atomic Model
      Thomson's Atomic Model is one of the fundamental models of the atom that tries to explain the working and structure of the atom. this model was proposed by famous Scientist JJ Thomson in 1904. Thomson during his cathode ray experiment proved the existence of a negatively charged particle called elec
      6 min read
    • Rutherford Atomic Model
      Rutherford Atomic Model was proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1911. It is also called the Planetary Model of the Atom. It introduced the concept of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of an atom, with electrons orbiting around it, forming the basis for modern atomic theory. In this arti
      6 min read
    • Drawbacks of Rutherford's Atomic Model
      In Rutherford's Model of the Atom, Rutherford performed an experiment based on that experiment some of the hypotheses are given. At that time those hypotheses are considered revolutionary as there was an experiment to back that hypothesis. But as the experiment performed by Rutherford is rudimentary
      10 min read
    • Bohr's Model of an Atom
      Neil Bohr proposed the Bohr model and was based on the modification of Rutherford’s model of an atom. Rutherford's model introduced a nuclear model of an atom in which it was explained that the nucleus which is positively charged is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. Bohr m
      7 min read
    • Neutrons
      Neutrons are fundamental subatomic particles of the atom. An atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons. James Chadwick, an English physicist, discovered the neutron in 1932. Neutrons are particles with no charge and higher mass. They are represented by n. They reside inside the nucleus of t
      8 min read
    • Valency
      Valency of an element is a measure of an atom's ability to combine with other atoms to create molecules or chemical compounds. The characteristics of an element that indicate how many more atoms can join one of its atoms in a covalent bond are known as valence, or valency, in chemistry. The term, wh
      9 min read
    • Valence Electrons
      Any of the fundamental negatively charged particles in the outermost area of atoms that participate in the creation of chemical bonds are referred to as valence electrons. Changes in the atomic structure are confined to the outermost, or valence, electrons regardless of the kind of chemical connecti
      10 min read
    • Mass Number
      Mass Number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom. We know that an atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons but the mass of the atom is contributed by protons and neutrons as the mass of electrons is very low hence it doesn't contribute to the mass of an
      11 min read
    • Relation Between Mass Number and Atomic Number
      Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, and they may combine in a variety of ways to produce various substances. You must be aware that all atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. But did you know that the presence of these subatomic particles may explain an element's pro
      8 min read
    • Isobars
      Isobars are a group of elements that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. In an isobar, we have different numbers of protons but the same number of nucleons, i.e. the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of isobars of the elements are the same. An example of is
      5 min read
    • Why do all the Isotopes of an Element have similar Chemical Properties?
      The fundamental building units of matter are atoms and molecules. The existence of many types of matter is due to the various atoms that contain them. The atom was no longer seen as a simple, indivisible unit by 1900. It did, however, contain at least one subatomic particle, the electron. J.J. Thoms
      6 min read
    • Why Isotopes have different Physical Properties?
      The atom is divided into two parts: the atomic structure and the extra nucleus. Positively charged protons and neutral neutrons make up the atomic structure. Electrons in the extra nucleus are negatively charged. Atoms, like all elements and compounds, have mass. Because of protons, the mass of an a
      5 min read
    • What is Fractional Atomic Mass?
      The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons is called an atom. These are the atoms that make up an element. An element is a material with the same number of protons in all of its atoms. Protons, electr
      9 min read
    • Radioactive Isotopes
      Radioactive Isotopes or Radioisotopes are the isotopes of the elements that are not stable, i.e. they emit some radiation and change the composition of their nucleus. Radioactive isotopes are defined as the isotopes of any chemical element that have different masses and unstable nuclei and release e
      8 min read
    • Discovery of Electrons
      The basic idea of the discovery of the elementary particles was generated by Dalton's Atomic Theory. John Dalton in 1808 gave the first scientific theory about atoms, in which, he stated that atoms are the smallest particle of any matter. They are indivisible and indestructible. According to Dalton
      7 min read
    • What is a Proton?
      Protons are the fundamental particles that reside inside the nucleus of any atom. They are the positive charge particle and are responsible for balancing the negative charge of the electron to make the atom electrically neutral. Proton was discovered by the famous scientist Ernest Rutherford. Atoms
      6 min read
    • Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment
      Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment is the fundamental experiment done by Earnest Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment that gives the fundamental about the structure of the atom. Rutherford in his experiment directed high-energy streams of α-particles from a radioactive source at a thin she
      6 min read
    • Atomic Nucleus
      The nucleus of an atom is a small, dense, round region located in the centre of an atom. It has two subatomic particles, protons and neutrons. Protons are electrically positively charged ions having a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit (amu). Neutrons are electrically neutral. The atomic nuc
      11 min read
    • How did Neil Bohr explained the Stability of Atom?
      Bohr model of the atom was explained by Neil Bohr in 1915. It came into existence with the modification of Rutherford’s model of the atom. Rutherford’s model introduces the nuclear model of the atom, in which he explained that a nucleus (positively charged) is surrounded by negatively charged electr
      7 min read
    • Electron Configuration
      Electron Configuration of an element tells us how electrons are filled inside various orbitals of the atom. The distribution of electrons inside various orbital of atoms is very useful in explaining various properties of the atoms and their combination with other atoms. The electron configuration of
      8 min read
    • Potassium and Calcium - Atomic Structure, Chemical Properties, Uses
      An atom is the smallest part of an element or compound that takes part in a chemical reaction. They are made of tiny particles known as protons, neutrons, and electrons. The Greek philosopher Democritus was the first person to use the term atom. The structure of the atom was discovered by John Dalto
      8 min read
    • Noble Gas
      Inert gases are chemically unreactive. Noble gases, also termed inert gases are group 0 elements. There are six types of noble gases, helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radioactive radon (Rn). The noble gases are the type of elements belonging to group 18. Under standa
      4 min read
    • What is meant by Chemical Combination?
      The composition of an element's nucleus and the arrangement of electrons around it are referred to as its atomic structure. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are the building blocks of matter's atomic structure. The nucleus of the atom is made up of protons and neutrons, which is surrounded by the at
      6 min read
    • Difference between Electrovalency and Covalency
      We're all familiar with how electrons in an atom are organised into orbitals or shells. Valence electrons are the electrons that exist in the atom's outermost orbit. According to the Bohr-bury theory, the outermost shell may hold a maximum of 8 electrons. When the outermost shell is entirely filled,
      8 min read
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