Regular Expressions to Validate ISBN Code

Last Updated : 24 Feb, 2023

Given some ISBN Codes, the task is to check if they are valid or not using regular expressions. Rules for the valid codes are:

It is a unique 10 or 13-digit.
It may or may not contain a hyphen.
It should not contain whitespaces and other special characters.
It does not allow alphabet letters.

Examples:

Input: str = ”978-1-45678-123-4?
Output: True

Input: str = ”ISBN446877428FCI?
Output: False
Explanation: It should contain digits and hyphens only.

Approach: The problem can be solved based on the following idea:

Create a regex pattern to validate the number as written below:
regex = “^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\\d-]+$“

Where,

^: Represents the beginning of the string.

?: Either it contains or not.

$: Ending of the string.

*: Match preceding expression zero or more times

{n}: Match preceding expression exactly n times

Follow the below steps to implement the idea:

Create a regex expression for ISBN Codes.
Use Pattern class to compile the regex formed.
Use the matcher function to check whether the ISBN Code is valid or not.
If it is valid, return true. Otherwise, return false.

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

Java

   // Java program to validate the
// ISBN Code using Regular Expression
import java.util.regex.*;
 
class GFG {
 
    // Function to validate the
    // ISBN Code
    public static boolean isValidISBNCode(String str)
    {
 
        // Regex to check valid ISBN Code
        String regex
            = "^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\\d-]+$";
 
        // Compile the ReGex
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
 
        // If the str
        // is empty return false
        if (str == null) {
            return false;
        }
 
        // Pattern class contains matcher() method
        // to find matching between given
        // str using regular expression.
        Matcher m = p.matcher(str);
 
        // Return if the str
        // matched the ReGex
        return m.matches();
    }
 
    // Driver Code.
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        // Test Case 1:
        String str1 = "978-1-45678-123-4";
        System.out.println(isValidISBNCode(str1));
 
        // Test Case 2:
        String str2 = "1-56619-909-3";
        System.out.println(isValidISBNCode(str2));
 
        // Test Case 3:
        String str3 = "1207199818865";
        System.out.println(isValidISBNCode(str3));
 
        // Test Case 4:
        String str4 = "978-1-12345-909-4 2";
        System.out.println(isValidISBNCode(str4));
 
        // Test Case 5:
        String str5 = "ISBN446877428FCI";
        System.out.println(isValidISBNCode(str5));
    }
}
 
  

C++

   // C++ program to validate the
// ISBN Code using Regular
// Expression
#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to validate the
// ISBN Code
bool isValidISBNCode(string str)
{
 
    // Regex to check valid
    // ISBN Code.
    const regex pattern("^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-"
                        "9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\\d-]+$");
 
    // If the str
    // is empty return false
    if (str.empty()) {
        return false;
    }
 
    // Return true if the str
    // matched the ReGex
    if (regex_match(str, pattern)) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Test Case 1:
    string str1 = "978-1-45678-123-4";
    cout << isValidISBNCode(str1) << endl;
 
    // Test Case 2:
    string str2 = "1-56619-909-3";
    cout << isValidISBNCode(str2) << endl;
 
    // Test Case 3:
    string str3 = "1207199818865";
    cout << isValidISBNCode(str3) << endl;
 
    // Test Case 4:
    string str4 = "978-1-12345-909-4 2";
    cout << isValidISBNCode(str4) << endl;
 
    // Test Case 5:
    string str5 = "ISBN446877428FCI";
    cout << isValidISBNCode(str5) << endl;
 
    return 0;
}
 
  

Python3

   # Python3 program to validate
# ISBN Code using Regular Expression
import re
 
# Function to validate
# ISBN Code
 
 
def isValidISBNCode(str):
 
    # Regex to check valid ISBN Code
    regex = "^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\\d-]+$"
 
    # Compile the ReGex
    p = re.compile(regex)
 
    # If the string is empty
    # return false
    if (str == None):
        return False
 
    # Return if the string
    # matched the ReGex
    if(re.search(p, str)):
        return True
    else:
        return False
 
# Driver code
 
 
# Test Case 1:
str1 = "978-1-45678-123-4"
print(isValidISBNCode(str1))
 
# Test Case 2:
str2 = "1-56619-909-3"
print(isValidISBNCode(str2))
 
# Test Case 3:
str3 = "1207199818865"
print(isValidISBNCode(str3))
 
# Test Case 4:
str4 = "978-1-12345-909-4 2"
print(isValidISBNCode(str4))
 
# Test Case 5:
str5 = "ISBN446877428FCI"
print(isValidISBNCode(str5))
 
  

C#

   // C# program to validate the
// ISBN Code
// using Regular Expressions
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class GFG {
 
    // Main Method
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
 
        // Input strings to Match
        // ISBN Code
        string[] str
            = { "978-1-45678-123-4", "1-56619-909-3",
                "1207199818865", "978-1-12345-909-4 2",
                "ISBN446877428FCI" };
        foreach(string s in str)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(isValidISBNCode(s) ? "true"
                                                 : "false");
        }
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
 
    // method containing the regex
    public static bool isValidISBNCode(string str)
    {
        string strRegex
            = @"^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\d-]+$";
        Regex re = new Regex(strRegex);
        if (re.IsMatch(str))
            return (true);
        else
            return (false);
    }
}
 
  

Javascript

   // Javascript program to validate
// ISBN Code using Regular Expression
 
// Function to validate the
// ISBN Code
function isValidISBNCode(str) {
    // Regex to check valid
    // ISBN CODE
    let regex = new RegExp(/^(?=(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){10}(?:(?:[^0-9]*[0-9]){3})?$)[\d-]+$/);
 
    // if str
    // is empty return false
    if (str == null) {
        return "false";
    }
 
    // Return true if the str
    // matched the ReGex
    if (regex.test(str) == true) {
        return "true";
    }
    else {
        return "false";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
// Test Case 1:
let str1 = "978-1-45678-123-4";
console.log(isValidISBNCode(str1));
 
// Test Case 2:
let str2 = "1-56619-909-3";
console.log(isValidISBNCode(str2));
 
// Test Case 3:
let str3 = "1207199818865";
console.log(isValidISBNCode(str3));
 
// Test Case 4:
let str4 = "978-1-12345-909-4 2";
console.log(isValidISBNCode(str4));
 
// Test Case 5:
let str5 = "ISBN446877428FCI";
console.log(isValidISBNCode(str5));
 
  

Output

true true true false false

Time Complexity: O(N) for each test case, where N is the length of the given string.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Related Articles:

How to Validate MICR Code using Regular Expression?

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Article Tags :

Practice Tags :

Pattern Searching

Regular Expressions to Validate ISBN Code

Java

C++

Python3

C#

Javascript

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