Rearrange array to make sum of all subarrays starting from first index non-zero

Last Updated : 30 Jun, 2022

Given an array arr[] consisting of N integers, the task is to rearrange the array such that sum of all subarrays starting from the first index of the array is non-zero. If it is not possible to generate such arrangement, then print “-1”.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {-1, 1, -2, 3}
Output: {-1, -2, 1, 3}
Explanation: One of the possible rearrangement is {-1, -2, 1, 3}.
Subarrays starting from index 0 are {-1}, {-1, -2}, {-1, -2, 1} and {-1, -2, 1, 3}. None of the above subarrays have sum 0.

Input: arr[] = {0, 0, 0, 0}
Output: -1

Approach: Desired array can be obtained from the given array if it is in any of the following two configurations:

If the given array is sorted in ascending order, the first subarray with sum zero can be handled by replacing the last element of the subarray with an element greater than it.
Similarly, in arrays sorted in descending order, by replacing the first element of the subarray with sum zero with an element smaller than it to ensure that the sum thereafter is negative.

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

When array is sorted in ascending order:
- Sort the array arr[] in ascending order and find the sum of the first i elements of the array (0 ? i ? N).
- When a zero-sum encountered, replace the element nullifying the prefix sum (i.e., i^th element) with the largest element of the array:
  - If the largest element of the array is equal to the integer causing nullification, then move to the second configuration.
  - If the largest element is greater than the problematic element, this replacement ensures positive-sum instead of zero.
When array is sorted in descending order:
- Sort the array arr[] in descending order and start finding the sum of the last i elements of the array (0 ? i ? N).
- When zero-sum is encountered, replace the element nullifying the prefix sum (i.e. i^th element) with the smallest element of the array:
  - If the smallest element of the array is equal to the integer causing nullification, then it’s not possible to rearrange the array arr[].
  - If the smallest element is smaller than the problematic element, this replacement ensures a negative-sum instead of zero.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

   // C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to rearrange the array such
// that sum of all elements of subarrays
// from the 1st index is non-zero
void rearrangeArray(int a[], int N)
{
    // Initialize sum of subarrays
    int sum = 0;
 
    // Sum of all elements of array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        sum += a[i];
    }
 
    // If sum is 0, the required
    // array could never be formed
    if (sum == 0) {
        cout << "-1";
        return;
    }
 
    // If sum is non zero, array
    // might be formed
    sum = 0;
 
    int b = 0;
 
    // Sort array in ascending order
    sort(a, a + N);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        sum += a[i];
 
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the largest element
        if (sum == 0) {
 
            if (a[i] != a[N - 1]) {
 
                sum -= a[i];
 
                // Swap Operation
                swap(a[i], a[N - 1]);
                sum += a[i];
            }
 
            // If largest element is same
            // as element to be replaced,
            // then rearrangement impossible
            else {
                b = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If b = 1, then rearrangement
    // is not possible. Hence check
    // with reverse configuration
    if (b == 1) {
 
        b = 0;
        sum = 0;
 
        // Sort array in descending order
        sort(a, a + N, greater<int>());
 
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the smallest element
        for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 
            sum += a[i];
            if (sum == 0) {
                if (a[i] != a[0]) {
                    sum -= a[i];
 
                    // Swap Operation
                    swap(a[i], a[0]);
                    sum += a[i];
                }
 
                // If smallest element is same
                // as element to be replaced,
                // then rearrangement impossible
                else {
                    b = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If neither of the configurations
    // worked then print "-1"
    if (b == 1) {
        cout << "-1";
        return;
    }
 
    // Otherwise, print the formed
    // rearrangement
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        cout << a[i] << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, -1, 2, 4, 0 };
 
    // Size of array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function Call
    rearrangeArray(arr, N);
 
    return 0;
}
 
  

Java

   // Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Arrays; 
import java.util.Collections; 
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to rearrange the array such
// that sum of all elements of subarrays
// from the 1st index is non-zero
static void rearrangeArray(int a[], int N)
{
     
    // Initialize sum of subarrays
    int sum = 0;
 
    // Sum of all elements of array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
    }
 
    // If sum is 0, the required
    // array could never be formed
    if (sum == 0)
    {
        System.out.print("-1");
        return;
    }
 
    // If sum is non zero, array
    // might be formed
    sum = 0;
 
    int b = 0;
 
    // Sort array in ascending order
    Arrays.sort(a);
     
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
 
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the largest element
        if (sum == 0) 
        {
            if (a[i] != a[N - 1])
            {
                sum -= a[i];
                 
                // Swap Operation
                int temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[N - 1];
                a[N - 1] = temp;
                sum += a[i];
            }
 
            // If largest element is same
            // as element to be replaced,
            // then rearrangement impossible
            else
            {
                b = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If b = 1, then rearrangement
    // is not possible. Hence check
    // with reverse configuration
    if (b == 1)
    {
        b = 0;
        sum = 0;
 
        // Sort array in descending order
        Arrays.sort(a); 
 
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the smallest element
        for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) 
        {
            sum += a[i];
            if (sum == 0)
            {
                if (a[i] != a[0]) 
                {
                    sum -= a[i];
                     
                    // Swap Operation
                    int temp = a[i];
                    a[i] = a[0];
                    a[0] = temp;
                    sum += a[i];
                }
 
                // If smallest element is same
                // as element to be replaced,
                // then rearrangement impossible
                else
                {
                    b = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If neither of the configurations
    // worked then print "-1"
    if (b == 1) 
    {
        System.out.print("-1" + " ");
        return;
    }
 
    // Otherwise, print the formed
    // rearrangement
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        System.out.print(a[i] + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
     
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, -1, 2, 4, 0 };
 
    // Size of array
    int N = arr.length;
 
    // Function Call
    rearrangeArray(arr, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR
 
  

Python3

   # Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to rearrange the array such
# that sum of all elements of subarrays
# from the 1st index is non-zero
def rearrangeArray(a, N):
     
    # Initialize sum of subarrays
    sum = 0
 
    # Sum of all elements of array
    for i in range(N):
        sum += a[i]
 
    # If sum is 0, the required
    # array could never be formed
    if (sum == 0):
        print("-1")
        return
 
    # If sum is non zero, array
    # might be formed
    sum = 0
 
    b = 0
     
    # Sort array in ascending order
    a = sorted(a)
 
    for i in range(N):
        sum += a[i]
 
        # When current subarray sum
        # becomes 0 replace it with
        # the largest element
        if (sum == 0):
            if (a[i] != a[N - 1]):
                sum -= a[i]
 
                # Swap Operation
                a[i], a[N - 1] = a[N - 1], a[i]
                sum += a[i]
 
            # If largest element is same
            # as element to be replaced,
            # then rearrangement impossible
            else:
                b = 1
                break
 
    # If b = 1, then rearrangement
    # is not possible. Hence check
    # with reverse configuration
    if (b == 1):
        b = 0
        sum = 0
 
        # Sort array in descending order
        a = sorted(a)
        a = a[::-1]
 
        # When current subarray sum
        # becomes 0 replace it with
        # the smallest element
        for i in range(N - 1, -1, -1):
            sum += a[i]
             
            if (sum == 0):
                if (a[i] != a[0]):
                    sum -= a[i]
 
                    # Swap Operation
                    a[i], a[0] = a[0], a[i]
                    sum += a[i]
 
                # If smallest element is same
                # as element to be replaced,
                # then rearrangement impossible
                else:
                    b = 1
                    break
 
    # If neither of the configurations
    # worked then print"-1"
    if (b == 1):
        print("-1")
        return
 
    # Otherwise, print the formed
    # rearrangement
    for i in range(N):
        print(a[i], end = " ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    # Given array
    arr = [ 1, -1, 2, 4, 0 ]
 
    # Size of array
    N = len(arr)
 
    # Function Call
    rearrangeArray(arr, N)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29
 
  

C#

   // C# program for the above approach
using System;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to rearrange the array such
// that sum of all elements of subarrays
// from the 1st index is non-zero
static void rearrangeArray(int [] a, int N)
{
     
    // Initialize sum of subarrays
    int sum = 0;
 
    // Sum of all elements of array
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
    }
 
    // If sum is 0, the required
    // array could never be formed
    if (sum == 0)
    {
        Console.Write("-1");
        return;
    }
 
    // If sum is non zero, array
    // might be formed
    sum = 0;
 
    int b = 0;
 
    // Sort array in ascending order
    Array.Sort(a);
     
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
         
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the largest element
        if (sum == 0) 
        {
            if (a[i] != a[N - 1])
            {
                sum -= a[i];
                 
                // Swap Operation
                int temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[N - 1];
                a[N - 1] = temp;
                sum += a[i];
            }
             
            // If largest element is same
            // as element to be replaced,
            // then rearrangement impossible
            else
            {
                b = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
     
    // If b = 1, then rearrangement
    // is not possible. Hence check
    // with reverse configuration
    if (b == 1)
    {
        b = 0;
        sum = 0;
         
        // Sort array in descending order
        Array.Sort(a); 
 
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the smallest element
        for(int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) 
        {
            sum += a[i];
            if (sum == 0)
            {
                if (a[i] != a[0]) 
                {
                    sum -= a[i];
                     
                    // Swap Operation
                    int temp = a[i];
                    a[i] = a[0];
                    a[0] = temp;
                    sum += a[i];
                }
                 
                // If smallest element is same
                // as element to be replaced,
                // then rearrangement impossible
                else
                {
                    b = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
     
    // If neither of the configurations
    // worked then print "-1"
    if (b == 1) 
    {
        Console.Write("-1" + " ");
        return;
    }
     
    // Otherwise, print the formed
    // rearrangement
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        Console.Write(a[i] + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
     
    // Given array
    int[] arr = { 1, -1, 2, 4, 0 };
 
    // Size of array
    int N = arr.Length;
 
    // Function Call
    rearrangeArray(arr, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by chitranayal
 
  

Javascript

   <script>
// javascript program for the
// above approach
 
// Function to rearrange the array such
// that sum of all elements of subarrays
// from the 1st index is non-zero
function rearrangeArray(a, N)
{
      
    // Initialize sum of subarrays
    let sum = 0;
  
    // Sum of all elements of array
    for(let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
    }
  
    // If sum is 0, the required
    // array could never be formed
    if (sum == 0)
    {
        document.write("-1");
        return;
    }
  
    // If sum is non zero, array
    // might be formed
    sum = 0;
  
    let b = 0;
  
    // Sort array in ascending order
    a.sort();
      
    for(let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        sum += a[i];
  
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the largest element
        if (sum == 0)
        {
            if (a[i] != a[N - 1])
            {
                sum -= a[i];
                  
                // Swap Operation
                let temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[N - 1];
                a[N - 1] = temp;
                sum += a[i];
            }
  
            // If largest element is same
            // as element to be replaced,
            // then rearrangement impossible
            else
            {
                b = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
  
    // If b = 1, then rearrangement
    // is not possible. Hence check
    // with reverse configuration
    if (b == 1)
    {
        b = 0;
        sum = 0;
  
        // Sort array in descending order
        a.sort();
  
        // When current subarray sum
        // becomes 0 replace it with
        // the smallest element
        for(let i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            sum += a[i];
            if (sum == 0)
            {
                if (a[i] != a[0])
                {
                    sum -= a[i];
                      
                    // Swap Operation
                    let temp = a[i];
                    a[i] = a[0];
                    a[0] = temp;
                    sum += a[i];
                }
  
                // If smallest element is same
                // as element to be replaced,
                // then rearrangement impossible
                else
                {
                    b = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
  
    // If neither of the configurations
    // worked then print "-1"
    if (b == 1)
    {
        document.write("-1" + " ");
        return;
    }
  
    // Otherwise, print the formed
    // rearrangement
    for(let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        document.write(a[i] + " ");
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
 
    // Given array
    let arr = [ 1, -1, 2, 4, 0 ];
  
    // Size of array
    let N = arr.length;
  
    // Function Call
    rearrangeArray(arr, N);
           
</script>
 
  

Output:

-1 0 4 2 1

Time Complexity: O(N*log N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Rearrange Array to maximize sum of MEX of all Subarrays starting from first index

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Rearrange array to make sum of all subarrays starting from first index non-zero

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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