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React useState Hook

React Hooks

Last Updated : 12 Jun, 2025

ReactJS Hooks are one of the most powerful features of React, introduced in version 16.8. They allow developers to use state and other React features without writing a class component. Hooks simplify the code, make it more readable, and offer a more functional approach to React development. With hooks, React's state and lifecycle features can be used in functional components, making them much more powerful than they were before.

What are Hooks in React

React Hooks are functions that allow functional components in React to manage state, handle side effects, and access other React features without needing class components. They provide a simpler and more efficient way to manage component logic.

Why Use React Hooks?

Simplifies Code: Hooks provide a simpler and cleaner way to write components by using functions instead of classes.
State and Side Effects: Hooks allow you to use state (useState) and side effects (useEffect) in functional components.
Reusability: Hooks make it easier to share logic across components by creating custom hooks.
Readability: Functional components with hooks tend to be more concise and easier to read than class components.

Types of React Hooks

React offers various hooks to handle state, side effects, and other functionalities in functional components. Below are some of the most commonly used types of React hooks:

1. State Hooks

State hooks, specifically useState and useReducer, allow functional components to manage state in a more efficient and modular way. They provide an easier and cleaner approach to managing component-level states in comparison to class components.

useState: The useState hook is used to declare state variables in functional components. It allows us to read and update the state within the component.

Syntax

const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);

state: The current value of the state.
setState: A function used to update the state.
initialState: The initial value of the state, which can be a primitive type or an object/array

useReducer: The useReducer hook is a more advanced state management hook used for handling more complex state logic, often involving multiple sub-values or more intricate state transitions.

Syntax

const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);

state: The current state value.
dispatch: A function used to dispatch actions that will update the state.
reducer: A function that defines how the state should change based on the dispatched action.
initialState: The initial state value.

Now let's understand how state hook works using this example

JavaScript

import React, { useState } from "react";  function App() {     const [count, setCount] = useState(0);     const increment = () => setCount(count + 1);     const decrement = () => setCount(count - 1);      return (         <div>             <h1>Count: {count}</h1> {/* Display the current count */}             <button onClick={increment}>Increment</button> {/* Increment the count */}             <button onClick={decrement}>Decrement</button> {/* Decrement the count */}         </div>     ); }  export default App;

In this code

useState is used to declare state variables in functional components.
The state variable (count) and the updater function (setCount) allow you to read and update the state.

Output

state-hook — State hook

2. Context Hooks

The useContext hook in React is a powerful and convenient way to consume values from the React Context API in functional components. It allows functional components to access context values directly, without the need to manually pass props down through the component tree
const contextValue = useContext(MyContext);

const contextValue = useContext(MyContext);

The useContext hook takes a context object (MyContext) as an argument and returns the current value of that context.
The contextValue will hold the value provided by the nearest <MyContext.Provider> in the component tree.

Now let's understand how context hook works using this example

JavaScript

import React, { createContext, useContext, useState } from "react";  const ThemeContext = createContext();  function App() {     const [theme, setTheme] = useState("light");      const toggleTheme = () => {         setTheme((prevTheme) => (prevTheme === "light" ? "dark" : "light"));     };      return (         <ThemeContext.Provider value={theme}>             <div>                 <h1>Current Theme: {theme}</h1>                 <button onClick={toggleTheme}>Toggle Theme</button>                 <ThemeDisplay />             </div>         </ThemeContext.Provider>     ); }  function ThemeDisplay() {     const theme = useContext(ThemeContext);      return <h2>Theme from Context: {theme}</h2>; }  export default App;

In this code:

useContext allows you to consume context values, making it easier to share data across components without prop drilling.
The Provider makes the context value accessible to all components below it in the component tree.

Output

useContext — Context Hook

3. Effect Hooks

Effect hooks, specifically useEffect,useLayoutEffect, and useInsertionEffect, enable functional components to handle side effects in a more efficient and modular way.

useEffect: The useEffect hook in React is used to handle side effects in functional components. It allows you to perform actions such as data fetching, DOM manipulation, and setting up subscriptions, which are typically handled in lifecycle methods like componentDidMount or componentDidUpdate in class components.

Syntax

useEffect(() => {
    // Side effect logic here
}, [dependencies]);

useEffect(() => { ... }, [dependencies]); runs side effects after rendering.
The effect runs based on changes in the specified dependencies.

useLayoutEffect: The useLayoutEffect is used when we need to measure or manipulate the lawet before the browser paints, ensuring smooth transitions and no flickering.

Syntax

useLayoutEffect(() => {
  // Logic to manipulate layout or measure DOM elements
}, [dependencies]);

useInsertionEffect: The useInsertionEffect is designed for injecting styles early, especially useful for server-side rendering (SSR) or styling libraries, ensuring styles are in place before the component is rendered visually.

Syntax

useInsertionEffect(() => {
    // Logic to inject styles or manipulate stylesheets
}, [dependencies]);

Now let's understand how effect hook works using this example:

JavaScript

import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react";  function App() {     const [count, setCount] = useState(0);      useEffect(() => {         document.title = `Count: ${count}`;         console.log(`Effect ran. Count is: ${count}`);          return () => {             console.log("Cleanup for previous effect");             document.title = "React App";         };     }, [count]);      return (         <div>             <h1>Count: {count}</h1>             <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment Count</button>         </div>     ); }  export default App;

In this code

useEffect is great for handling side effects like data fetching, subscriptions, or manually manipulating the DOM (like changing the document title).
The cleanup function is useful to clean up resources (like timers or event listeners) when the component is unmounted or before the effect runs again.

Output:

effect-hook — Effect Hook

4. Performance Hook

Performance Hooks in React, like useMemo and useCallback, are used to optimize performance by avoiding unnecessary re-renders or recalculations.

useMemo: useMemo is a React hook that memoizes the result of an expensive calculation, preventing it from being recalculated on every render unless its dependencies change. This is particularly useful when we have a computation that is expensive in terms of performance, and we want to avoid recalculating it on every render cycle.

Syntax

const memoizedValue = useMemo(() => computeExpensiveValue(a, b), [a, b]);

useCallback: The useCallback is a React hook that helps to memoize functions, ensuring that a function is not redefined on every render unless its dependencies change. This is particularly useful when passing functions as props to child components, as it prevents unnecessary re-renders of those child components.

Syntax

const memoizedCallback = useCallback(() => { doSomething(a, b); }, [a, b]);

useMemo caches the computed value (num * 2), recalculating it only when num changes.
This prevents unnecessary calculations on every render.

Now let's understand how performance hook works using this example

JavaScript

import React, { useState, useMemo } from "react";  function App() {     const [count, setCount] = useState(0);     const [text, setText] = useState("");      const expensiveCalculation = useMemo(() => {         console.log("Expensive calculation...");         return count * 2;     }, [count]);      return (         <div>             <h1>Count: {count}</h1>             <h2>Expensive Calculation: {expensiveCalculation}</h2>             <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment Count</button>              <input                 type="text"                 value={text}                 onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}                 placeholder="Type something"             />         </div>     ); }  export default App;

In this code

useMemo memoizes the result of expensiveCalculation.
It only recomputes when count changes.
When text changes, the calculation is not re-run, optimizing performance.
console.log appears only when count changes, showing memoization works.

Output

performance-hook — Performance Hooks

5. Resource Hooks(useFetch)

The useFetch is typically a custom hook used for fetching data from an API. It is implemented with useEffect to fetch data when the component mounts or when dependencies change.

Synatx

const { data, loading, error } = useFetch(url);

useFetch is a custom hook for fetching data from a given URL.
It uses useEffect to fetch data when the URL changes and updates the data state.

Now let's understand how resource hook works using this example

JavaScript

import React, { useState, useRef } from "react";  function App() {     const countRef = useRef(0);     const [forceRender, setForceRender] = useState(false);      const increment = () => {         countRef.current += 1;         setForceRender(!forceRender);     };      return (         <div>             <h1>Count: {countRef.current}</h1> {/* Display count value */}             <button onClick={increment}>Increment</button>         </div>     ); }  export default App;

In this code

countRef holds the mutable count value.
useState (forceRender) triggers re-renders to reflect changes in the UI.
When the Increment button is clicked, countRef is updated.
setForceRender forces a re-render to update the UI.
The updated count is displayed in an <h1> tag, not in a prompt.

Output

useref — Resource Hooks

6. Other Hooks

React offers additional hooks for specific use cases

useReducer: For complex state management.
useImperativeHandle: Customizes the instance value exposed by useRef.
useLayoutEffect: Like useEffect but fires synchronously after DOM updates.

7. Custom Hooks

Custom Hooks are user-defined functions that encapsulate reusable logic. They enhance code reusability and readability by sharing behavior between components.

JavaScript

//useWidth.js  import { useState, useEffect } from "react";  function useWidth() {     const [width, setWidth] = useState(window.innerWidth);      useEffect(() => {         const handleResize = () => setWidth(window.innerWidth);         window.addEventListener("resize", handleResize);         return () => window.removeEventListener("resize", handleResize);     }, []);      return width; }  export default useWidth;

Using a Custom Hook

JavaScript

import React from "react"; import useWidth from "./useWidth";  function App() {     const width = useWidth();     return <h1>Window Width: {width}px</h1>; }  export default App;

The custom hook useWidth encapsulates the logic for tracking the window's width.
It reduces redundancy by reusing the logic across components.

we can see a Complete list of React Hooks inReactJS Hooks Complete Reference.

Benefits of using Hooks

Hooks can improve code reusability and make it easier to split complex components into smaller functions.

Simpler, cleaner code: Functional components with hooks are often more concise and easier to understand than class components.
Better for complex UIs: Hooks make it easier to manage state and side effects in components with intricate logic.
Improved maintainability: Code using hooks is often easier to test and debug.

Why the need for ReactJs Hooks?

Here’s why ReactJS Hooks are needed:

Simplifies State Management: Hooks allow easier state management in functional components without the need for class components.
Eliminates 'this' Keyword: The complexity of managing this in class components is avoided, making the code cleaner.
Reusable Logic: Hooks enable sharing stateful logic across components without changing component hierarchies.
Improved Code Structure: Code becomes more modular and easier to maintain by using hooks to manage different concerns.
Cleaner Code: Functional components with hooks are more concise, reducing boilerplate code compared to class components.
Better Developer Experience: Hot reloading works better with hooks, improving the overall developer workflow.

Rules for using Hooks

Only functional components can use hooks
Hooks must be imported from React
Calling of hooks should always be done at top level of components
Hooks should not be inside conditional statements

Difference Between Hooks and Class Components

Feature	Class Components	React Hooks
State Management	this.state and lifecycle methods	useState and useEffect
Code Structure	Spread across methods, can be complex	Smaller, focused functions
Reusability	Difficult to reuse logic	Easy to create and reuse custom hooks
Learning Curve	Familiar to OOP developers	Requires different mindset than classes
Error Boundaries	Supported	Not currently supported
Third-party Libraries	Some libraries rely on them	May not all be compatible yet

Important things to remember while using hooks

Hooks are optional in React 16.8+, allowing partial or full project adoption without rewriting existing code.
Hooks are backward-compatible, ensuring smooth integration with existing components and preventing breaking changes.
React has no plans to eliminate classes; Hooks and class components can coexist.
React projects can seamlessly blend class-based and functional components with Hooks.
Hooks provide a direct API for key React concepts, such as props, state, context, refs, and lifecycle.

React useState Hook

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