Brick Breaker Game In Python using Pygame

Last Updated : 28 Apr, 2025

Brick Breaker is a 2D arcade video game developed in the 1990s. The game consists of a paddle/striker located at the bottom end of the screen, a ball, and many blocks above the striker. The basic theme of this game is to break the blocks with the ball using the striker. The score is calculated by the number of blocks broken and each time the player fails to hit the ball and if the number of lives is 0, then it's a game over. So, this article covers how to create such a game in Object Oriented Programming style (OOP) in Python using the Pygame module.

Instructions

There are two kinds of blocks - White and Green. The green blocks break with just a single hit. However, the white blocks break only after two hits.
If the ball touches the bottom edge of the screen, a life is deducted and if the number of lives is greater than 0, then the ball is tossed from the bottom left corner of the screen
But if the lives are 0, then the screen pauses and the player needs to press the space bar if they wish to restart the game

Controls

Controls in this game are simple:

We just need to use the left/right arrows to move the paddle. The left arrow moves the paddle leftwards and the right arrow moves the paddle rightwards
If all lives are lost, then the game is over. Press the space bar to restart the game

Stepwise Implementation

The implementation is divided into 6 parts:

Initial Setup: Contains all the initializations and global variables needed
Helper Functions: These functions are not part of any class and are used by the game manager
Striker Class: Contains the methods needed to control the paddle/striker
Block Class: Contains the methods needed to control the blocks
Ball Class: Contains the methods needed to control the ball
Game Manager: Controls the game flow and logic

Step 1: Initial Setup

Here, we initialize the module and define all the necessary global variables

Python3

import pygame import random  pygame.init()  # Dimensions of the screen WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 500  # Colors BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) RED = (255, 0, 0)  font = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 15)  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("Block Breaker")  # to control the frame rate clock = pygame.time.Clock() FPS = 30

Step 2: Helper Functions

The following are the helper functions:

collisionChecker(): This function takes in two rects as arguments and returns if they collide or not
populateBlocks(): This function takes in the block width, block height, vertical gap between the blocks, and horizontal gap between the blocks as arguments and populates a list of random blocks that can be rendered on screen. It is called when the game is over
gameOver(): This function is called after all the lives are gone and it stays in an infinite loop until the space bar is pressed (replay) or the quit is pressed (exit)

Python3

# Helper Functions  # Function used to check collisions between any two entities def collisionChecker(rect, ball):     if pygame.Rect.colliderect(rect, ball):         return True      return False   # Function used to populate the blocks def populateBlocks(blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap):     listOfBlocks = []      for i in range(0, WIDTH, blockWidth+horizontalGap):         for j in range(0, HEIGHT//2, blockHeight+verticalGap):             listOfBlocks.append(Block(i, j, blockWidth,                                       blockHeight,                                        random.choice([WHITE, GREEN])))      return listOfBlocks   # Once all the lives are over, this function waits # until exit or space bar is pressed and does the  # corresponding action def gameOver():     gameOver = True          while gameOver:         # Event handling         for event in pygame.event.get():             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                 return False             if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                 if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:                     return True

Step 3: Striker Class

This class defines the following method:

__init()__ : Initializes the basic parameters of the paddle

Parameters:

posx, posy => Position of the paddle with respect to the X and Y axes respectively
width, height => Width and Height of the paddle
speed => The speed with which the paddle moves when the left/right arrow keys are pressed
color => Color of the paddle
striker => A rectangle that is rendered on the screen
strikerRect => rect of the striker that controls its position and collision

display(): Used to display the paddle on the screen
update(): Used to update the state of the paddle
getRect(): Returns the rect variable of the paddle

Python3

# Striker class class Striker:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, width,                  height, speed, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.width, self.height = width, height         self.speed = speed         self.color = color          # The rect variable is used to handle the         # placement and the collisions of the object         self.strikerRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)         self.striker = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                         self.color, self.strikerRect)      # Used to render the object on the screen     def display(self):         self.striker = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                         self.color, self.strikerRect)      # Used to update the state of the object     def update(self, xFac):         self.posx += self.speed*xFac          # Restricting the striker to be in between         # the left and right edges of the screen         if self.posx <= 0:             self.posx = 0         elif self.posx+self.width >= WIDTH:             self.posx = WIDTH-self.width          self.strikerRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)      # Returns the rect of the object     def getRect(self):         return self.strikerRect

Step 4: Block Class

This class defines the following methods:

__init__(): Initializes the basic parameters of the block

Parameters:

posx, posy => Position of the block with respect to the X and Y axes respectively
width, height => Width and Height of the block
color => Color of the block. Its either white or green
damage => Damage dealt to the block when the ball hits
health => White block has a health of 200 and Green block has a health of 100
block => A rectangle that is rendered on the screen
blockRect => rect of the block that controls its position and collision

display(): Used to display the block on the screen
hit(): Used to reduce the block's HP whenever it is being hit by the ball
getRect(): Returns the rect variable of the block
getHealth(): Returns the health of the block

Python3

# Block Class class Block:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, width, height, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.width, self.height = width, height         self.color = color         self.damage = 100          # The white blocks have the health of 200.          # So, the ball must hit it twice to break         if color == WHITE:             self.health = 200         else:             self.health = 100          # The rect variable is used to handle the placement          # and the collisions of the object         self.blockRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)         self.block = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                  self.color, self.blockRect)      # Used to render the object on the screen if and      # only if its health is greater than 0     def display(self):         if self.health > 0:             self.brick = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                self.color, self.blockRect)      # Used to decrease the health of the block     def hit(self):         self.health -= self.damage      # Used to get the rect of the object     def getRect(self):         return self.blockRect      # Used to get the health of the object     def getHealth(self):         return self.health

Step 5: Ball Class

The ball class defines the following methods:

__init__(): Defines the basic parameters of the ball

Parameters

posx, posy => Position of the ball with respect to the X and Y axes respectively
radius => Radius of the ball
color => Color of the ball
xFac => Determines the direction of the ball along the X axis. Negative value indicates its moving leftwards and positive value indicates its moving rightwards
yFac => Determines the direction of the ball along the Y axis. Negative value indicates its moving upwards and positive value indicates its moving downards
ball => A circle that is rendered on the screen. It is also used to control the position and check for collisions

display(): Used to display the ball on the screen
update(): Used to update the state of the ball
reset(): Whenever a life is lost, this method is used to get the ball back to its initial position
hit(): Used to change the direction of the ball whenever it is hit
getRect(): Returns the rect variable of the ball

Python3

# Ball Class class Ball:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, radius, speed, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.radius = radius         self.speed = speed         self.color = color         self.xFac, self.yFac = 1, 1                  self.ball = pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (self.posx, self.posy), self.radius)      # Used to display the object on the screen     def display(self):         self.ball = pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (self.posx, self.posy), self.radius)      # Used to update the state of the object     def update(self):         self.posx += self.xFac*self.speed         self.posy += self.yFac*self.speed                  # Reflecting the ball if it touches either of the vertical edges         if self.posx <= 0 or self.posx >= WIDTH:             self.xFac *= -1          # Reflection from the top most edge of the screen         if self.posy <= 0:             self.yFac *= -1          # If the ball touches the bottom most edge of the screen, True value is returned         if self.posy >= HEIGHT:             return True          return False      # Resets the position of the ball     def reset(self):         self.posx = 0         self.posy = HEIGHT         self.xFac, self.yFac = 1, -1      # Used to change the direction along Y axis     def hit(self):         self.yFac *= -1      # Returns the rect of the ball. In this case, it is the ball itself     def getRect(self):         return self.ball

Step 6: Game Manager

The game manager takes care of the game flow and implements the game logic.

Python3

# Game Manager def main():     running = True     lives = 3     score = 0      scoreText = font.render("score", True, WHITE)     scoreTextRect = scoreText.get_rect()     scoreTextRect.center = (20, HEIGHT-10)      livesText = font.render("Lives", True, WHITE)     livesTextRect = livesText.get_rect()     livesTextRect.center = (120, HEIGHT-10)      striker = Striker(0, HEIGHT-50, 100, 20, 10, WHITE)     strikerXFac = 0      ball = Ball(0, HEIGHT-150, 7, 5, WHITE)      blockWidth, blockHeight = 40, 15     horizontalGap, verticalGap = 20, 20      listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(         blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)      # Game loop     while running:         screen.fill(BLACK)         screen.blit(scoreText, scoreTextRect)         screen.blit(livesText, livesTextRect)          scoreText = font.render("Score : " + str(score), True, WHITE)         livesText = font.render("Lives : " + str(lives), True, WHITE)          # If all the blocks are destroyed, then we repopulate them         if not listOfBlocks:             listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(                 blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)          # All the lives are over. So, the gameOver() function is called         if lives <= 0:             running = gameOver()              while listOfBlocks:                 listOfBlocks.pop(0)              lives = 3             score = 0             listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(                 blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)          # Event handling         for event in pygame.event.get():             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                 running = False             if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                 if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:                     strikerXFac = -1                 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:                     strikerXFac = 1              if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:                 if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:                     strikerXFac = 0          # Collision check         if(collisionChecker(striker.getRect(), ball.getRect())):             ball.hit()         for block in listOfBlocks:             if(collisionChecker(block.getRect(), ball.getRect())):                 ball.hit()                 block.hit()                  if block.getHealth() <= 0:                     listOfBlocks.pop(listOfBlocks.index(block))                     score += 5          # Update         striker.update(strikerXFac)         lifeLost = ball.update()          if lifeLost:             lives -= 1             ball.reset()             print(lives)          # Display         striker.display()         ball.display()          for block in listOfBlocks:             block.display()          pygame.display.update()         clock.tick(FPS)   # This code is contributed by teja00219

Complete Code:

By joining all the above classes, helper functions, and the game manager together, the final code would look like this.

Python3

import pygame import random  pygame.init()  # Dimensions of the screen WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 500  # Colors BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) RED = (255, 0, 0)  font = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 15)  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("Block Breaker")  # to control the frame rate clock = pygame.time.Clock() FPS = 30   # Striker class class Striker:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, width, height, speed, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.width, self.height = width, height         self.speed = speed         self.color = color          # The rect variable is used to handle the placement         # and the collisions of the object         self.strikerRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)         self.striker = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                 self.color, self.strikerRect)      # Used to render the object on the screen     def display(self):         self.striker = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                              self.color, self.strikerRect)      # Used to update the state of the object     def update(self, xFac):         self.posx += self.speed*xFac          # Restricting the striker to be in between the          # left and right edges of the screen         if self.posx <= 0:             self.posx = 0         elif self.posx+self.width >= WIDTH:             self.posx = WIDTH-self.width          self.strikerRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)      # Returns the rect of the object     def getRect(self):         return self.strikerRect   # Block Class class Block:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, width, height, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.width, self.height = width, height         self.color = color         self.damage = 100          # The white blocks have the health of 200. So,          # the ball must hit it twice to break         if color == WHITE:             self.health = 200         else:             self.health = 100          # The rect variable is used to handle the placement          # and the collisions of the object         self.blockRect = pygame.Rect(             self.posx, self.posy, self.width, self.height)         self.block = pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color,                                        self.blockRect)      # Used to render the object on the screen if and only      # if its health is greater than 0     def display(self):         if self.health > 0:             self.brick = pygame.draw.rect(screen,                                  self.color, self.blockRect)      # Used to decrease the health of the block     def hit(self):         self.health -= self.damage      # Used to get the rect of the object     def getRect(self):         return self.blockRect      # Used to get the health of the object     def getHealth(self):         return self.health   # Ball Class class Ball:     def __init__(self, posx, posy, radius, speed, color):         self.posx, self.posy = posx, posy         self.radius = radius         self.speed = speed         self.color = color         self.xFac, self.yFac = 1, 1          self.ball = pygame.draw.circle(             screen, self.color, (self.posx,                                  self.posy), self.radius)      # Used to display the object on the screen     def display(self):         self.ball = pygame.draw.circle(             screen, self.color, (self.posx,                                   self.posy), self.radius)      # Used to update the state of the object     def update(self):         self.posx += self.xFac*self.speed         self.posy += self.yFac*self.speed          # Reflecting the ball if it touches         # either of the vertical edges         if self.posx <= 0 or self.posx >= WIDTH:             self.xFac *= -1          # Reflection from the top most edge of the screen         if self.posy <= 0:             self.yFac *= -1          # If the ball touches the bottom most edge of          # the screen, True value is returned         if self.posy >= HEIGHT:             return True          return False      # Resets the position of the ball     def reset(self):         self.posx = 0         self.posy = HEIGHT         self.xFac, self.yFac = 1, -1      # Used to change the direction along Y axis     def hit(self):         self.yFac *= -1      # Returns the rect of the ball. In this case,     # it is the ball itself     def getRect(self):         return self.ball  # Helper Functions  # Function used to check collisions between any two entities   def collisionChecker(rect, ball):     if pygame.Rect.colliderect(rect, ball):         return True      return False   # Function used to populate the blocks def populateBlocks(blockWidth, blockHeight,                     horizontalGap, verticalGap):     listOfBlocks = []      for i in range(0, WIDTH, blockWidth+horizontalGap):         for j in range(0, HEIGHT//2, blockHeight+verticalGap):             listOfBlocks.append(                 Block(i, j, blockWidth, blockHeight,                        random.choice([WHITE, GREEN])))      return listOfBlocks   # Once all the lives are over, this function waits until # exit or space bar is pressed and does the corresponding action def gameOver():     gameOver = True      while gameOver:         # Event handling         for event in pygame.event.get():             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                 return False             if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                 if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:                     return True   # Game Manager def main():     running = True     lives = 3     score = 0      scoreText = font.render("score", True, WHITE)     scoreTextRect = scoreText.get_rect()     scoreTextRect.center = (20, HEIGHT-10)      livesText = font.render("Lives", True, WHITE)     livesTextRect = livesText.get_rect()     livesTextRect.center = (120, HEIGHT-10)      striker = Striker(0, HEIGHT-50, 100, 20, 10, WHITE)     strikerXFac = 0      ball = Ball(0, HEIGHT-150, 7, 5, WHITE)      blockWidth, blockHeight = 40, 15     horizontalGap, verticalGap = 20, 20      listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(         blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)      # Game loop     while running:         screen.fill(BLACK)         screen.blit(scoreText, scoreTextRect)         screen.blit(livesText, livesTextRect)          scoreText = font.render("Score : " + str(score), True, WHITE)         livesText = font.render("Lives : " + str(lives), True, WHITE)          # If all the blocks are destroyed, then we repopulate them         if not listOfBlocks:             listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(                 blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)          # All the lives are over. So, the gameOver() function is called         if lives <= 0:             running = gameOver()              while listOfBlocks:                 listOfBlocks.pop(0)              lives = 3             score = 0             listOfBlocks = populateBlocks(                 blockWidth, blockHeight, horizontalGap, verticalGap)          # Event handling         for event in pygame.event.get():             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                 running = False             if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                 if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:                     strikerXFac = -1                 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:                     strikerXFac = 1              if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:                 if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or                                  event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:                     strikerXFac = 0          # Collision check         if(collisionChecker(striker.getRect(),                             ball.getRect())):             ball.hit()         for block in listOfBlocks:             if(collisionChecker(block.getRect(), ball.getRect())):                 ball.hit()                 block.hit()                  if block.getHealth() <= 0:                     listOfBlocks.pop(listOfBlocks.index(block))                     score += 5          # Update         striker.update(strikerXFac)         lifeLost = ball.update()          if lifeLost:             lives -= 1             ball.reset()             print(lives)          # Display         striker.display()         ball.display()          for block in listOfBlocks:             block.display()          pygame.display.update()         clock.tick(FPS)   if __name__ == "__main__":     main()     pygame.quit()

Output:

Hover Button in Pygame

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Brick Breaker Game In Python using Pygame

Instructions

Controls

Stepwise Implementation

Step 1: Initial Setup

Step 2: Helper Functions

Step 3: Striker Class

Step 4: Block Class

Step 5: Ball Class

Step 6: Game Manager

Complete Code:

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