Python - Split String on vowels
Last Updated : 02 Mar, 2023
Given a String, perform split on vowels.
Example:
Input : test_str = 'GFGaBst'
Output : ['GFG', 'Bst']
Explanation : a is vowel and split happens on that.
Input : test_str = 'GFGaBstuforigeeks'
Output : ['GFG', 'Bst', 'f', 'r', 'g', 'ks']
Explanation : a, e, o, u, i are vowels and split happens on that.
Naive approach:
- Initialize variable vowels to contain all the vowels.
- Initialize an empty list result and a variable temp to an empty string.
- Iterate through each character in the input string test_str.
- For each character, check if it is a vowel (by checking if it is in the vowels variable).
- If the character is a vowel and the temp variable is not empty, append temp to the result list and reset temp to an empty string.
- If the character is not a vowel, add it to the temp variable.
- After the iteration, if the temp variable is not empty, append it to the result list.
- Return the result list.
Python3 def split_on_vowels(test_str): vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU' result = [] temp = "" for char in test_str: if char in vowels: if temp != "": result.append(temp) temp = "" else: temp += char if temp != "": result.append(temp) return result test_str = 'GFGaBstuforigeeks' print(split_on_vowels(test_str))
Output['GFG', 'Bst', 'f', 'r', 'g', 'ks']
Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)
Method 1 : Using regex() + split()
In this, we use regex split() which accepts multiple characters to perform split, passing list of vowels, performs split operation over string.
Python3 # Python3 code to demonstrate working of # Split String on vowels # Using split() + regex import re # initializing strings test_str = 'GFGaBste4oCS' # printing original string print("The original string is : " + str(test_str)) # splitting on vowels # constructing vowels list # and separating using | operator res = re.split('a|e|i|o|u', test_str) # printing result print("The splitted string : " + str(res)) OutputThe original string is : GFGaBste4oCS The splitted string : ['GFG', 'Bst', '4', 'CS']
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the string "test_str". The "re.split" function splits the string by searching for specified characters (vowels), which takes linear time proportional to the length of the string.
Auxiliary space: O(1), as it uses a constant amount of memory regardless of the size of the input string "test_str".
Method 2 : Using replace() and split().
First replace all vowels in string with "*" and then split the string by "*" as delimiter
Python3 # Python3 code to demonstrate working of # Split String on vowels # initializing strings test_str = 'GFGaBste4oCS' # printing original string print("The original string is : " + str(test_str)) # splitting on vowels vow="aeiouAEIOU" for i in test_str: if i in vow: test_str=test_str.replace(i,"*") res=test_str.split("*") # printing result print("The splitted string : " + str(res)) OutputThe original string is : GFGaBste4oCS The splitted string : ['GFG', 'Bst', '4', 'CS']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method #3 : Using replace(),split() and ord() methods
Python3 # Python3 code to demonstrate working of # Split String on vowels # initializing strings test_str = 'GFGaBste4oCS' # printing original string print("The original string is : " + str(test_str)) # splitting on vowels x=[97, 101, 105, 111, 117, 65, 69, 73, 79, 85] for i in test_str: if ord(i) in x: test_str=test_str.replace(i,"*") res=test_str.split('*') # printing result print("The splitted string : " + str(res)) OutputThe original string is : GFGaBste4oCS The splitted string : ['GFG', 'Bst', '4', 'CS']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method #4 : Using operator.countOf() method
Python3 import operator as op def split_on_vowels(test_str): vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU' result = [] temp = "" for char in test_str: if op.countOf(vowels, char) > 0: if temp != "": result.append(temp) temp = "" else: temp += char if temp != "": result.append(temp) return result test_str = 'GFGaBstuforigeeks' print(split_on_vowels(test_str))
Output['GFG', 'Bst', 'f', 'r', 'g', 'ks']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method5# :using the 'itertools.groupby 'function from the 'itertools' module
Python3 import itertools # Define the string to be split test_str = 'GFGaBste4oCS' # Define the vowels to split the string on vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU' # Print the original string print("The original string is:", test_str) # Use itertools.groupby to group adjacent characters in test_str based on if they are in vowels res = [list(g) for k, g in itertools.groupby(test_str, key=lambda x: x not in vowels) if k] # Join each group of characters into a string res = [''.join(substring) for substring in res] # Print the final split string print("The split string is:", res) #this code is contributed by Asif_shaik OutputThe original string is: GFGaBste4oCS The split string is: ['GFG', 'Bst', '4', 'CS']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method #6: Using translate method
Algorithm:
- Initialize a string test_str.
- Create a translation table that replaces vowels with spaces using the str.maketrans() method.
- Apply the translation table to the test_str using the translate() method and store it in a variable named trans_str.
- Split the trans_str on spaces and store the result in a list named res.
- Print the result.
Python3 # initializing string test_str = 'GFGaBste4oCS' # create a translation table that replaces vowels with spaces trans_table = str.maketrans('aeiouAEIOU', ' '*10) # split the string on spaces res = test_str.translate(trans_table).split() # printing result print("The splitted string : " + str(res)) #This code is contributed by Vinay Pinjala. OutputThe splitted string : ['GFG', 'Bst', '4', 'CS']
Time complexity: The time complexity of this code is O(n) because the maketrans(), translate() and split() methods take linear time.
Auxiliary Space: The space complexity of this code is O(n) because we are creating a new string and a new list to store the results.
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