Python Program to find if a character is vowel or Consonant

Last Updated : 17 Aug, 2023

Given a character, check if it is vowel or consonant. Vowels are ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’. All other characters (‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘f’ ….) are consonants.

Examples:

Input : x = 'c'
Output : Consonant

Input : x = 'u'
Output : Vowel

We check whether the given character matches any of the 5 vowels. If yes, we print “Vowel”, else we print “Consonant”.

Python3

   # Python3 program to check if a given  
# character is vowel or consonant. 
  
# Function to check whether a character  
# is vowel or not 
def vowelOrConsonant(x): 
  
    if (x == 'a' or x == 'e' or
        x == 'i' or x == 'o' or x == 'u'): 
        print("Vowel") 
    else: 
        print("Consonant") 
  
# Driver code 
vowelOrConsonant('c') 
vowelOrConsonant('e') 
    
 
  

Output

Consonant  Vowel

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

How to handle capital letters as well?

Python3

   # Python3 program to check if a given  
# character is vowel or consonant. 
  
# Function to check whether a  
# character is vowel or not 
def vowelOrConsonant(x): 
    if (x == 'a' or x == 'e' or x == 'i' or 
        x == 'o' or x == 'u' or x == 'A' or 
        x == 'E' or x == 'I' or x == 'O' or 
        x == 'U'): 
        print("Vowel") 
    else: 
        print("Consonant") 
  
# Driver code 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    vowelOrConsonant('c') 
    vowelOrConsonant('E') 
 
  

Output

Consonant  Vowel

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Python Program to find if a character is vowel or Consonant using switch case

Python3

   def isVowel(ch): 
    switcher = { 
        'a': "Vowel", 
        'e': "Vowel", 
        'i': "Vowel", 
        'o': "Vowel", 
        'u': "Vowel", 
        'A': "Vowel", 
        'E': "Vowel", 
        'I': "Vowel", 
        'O': "Vowel", 
        'U': "Vowel"
    } 
    return switcher.get(ch, "Consonant") 
  
# Driver Code 
print('a is '+isVowel('a')) 
print('x is '+isVowel('x')) 
 
  

Output

a is Vowel  x is Consonant

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Another way is to find() the character in a string containing only Vowels.

Python3

   def isVowel(ch): 
  
    # Make the list of vowels 
    str = "aeiouAEIOU"
    return (str.find(ch) != -1) 
  
# Driver Code 
print('a is '+str(isVowel('a'))) 
print('x is '+str(isVowel('x'))) 
 
  

Output

a is True  x is False

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Most efficient way to check Vowel using bit shift :

In ASCII these are the respective values of every vowel both in lower and upper cases.

Vowel	DEC	HEX	BINARY
a	97	0x61	01100001
e	101	0x65	01100101
i	105	0x69	01101001
o	111	0x6F	01101111
u	117	0x75	01110101

A	65	0x41	01000001
E	69	0x45	01000101
I	73	0x49	01001001
O	79	0x4F	01001111
U	85	0x55	01010101

As very lower and upper case vowels have the same 5 LSBs. We need a number 0x208222 which gives 1 in its LSB after right-shift 1, 5, 19, 15 otherwise gives 0. The numbers depend on character encoding.

DEC	HEX	BINARY
31	0x1F	00011111
2130466	0x208222	1000001000001000100010

Python3

   def isVowel(ch): 
  
    return (0x208222 >> (ord(ch) & 0x1f)) & 1
    # same as (2130466 >> (ord(ch) & 31)) & 1; 
  
# Driver Code 
print('a is '+str(isVowel('a'))) 
print('x is '+str(isVowel('x'))) 
 
  

Output

a is 1  x is 0

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

*We can omit the ( ch & 0x1f ) part on X86 machines as the result of SHR/SAR (which is >> ) masked to 0x1f automatically.
*For machines bitmap check is faster than table check, but if the ch variable stored in register than it may perform faster.

Use regular expressions:

Using a regular expression to check if a character is a vowel or consonant. Regular expressions are a powerful tool for pattern matching and can be used to quickly and easily check if a given character matches a specific pattern.

To check if a character is a vowel using a regular expression, you can use the following code:

Python3

   import re 
  
def is_vowel(char): 
    if re.match(r'[aeiouAEIOU]', char): 
        return True
    return False
  
print(is_vowel('a'))  # Output: True 
print(is_vowel('b'))  # Output: False 
 
  

Output

True  False

Time complexity: O(1), as the re.match function has a time complexity of O(1) for small strings. In this case, the string char is a single character and therefore has a small constant size.
Auxiliary space: O(1), as we are only using a constant amount of memory for the char argument and the return value.

The regular expression r'[aeiouAEIOU]’ matches any character that is a lowercase or uppercase vowel. The re.match() function searches for a match at the beginning of the string, so it will return True if the given character is a vowel and False otherwise.

This approach has the advantage of being concise and easy to understand, and it can be easily modified to check for other patterns as well. However, it may not be as efficient as some of the other approaches mentioned in the article, particularly for large inputs.

Please refer complete article on Program to find if a character is vowel or Consonant for more details!

Using ord() method:

Python3

   la=[97,101,105,111,117] 
ua=[65,69,73,79,85] 
def isVowel(ch): 
    if ord(ch) in la or ord(ch) in ua: 
        return True
    return False
# Driver Code 
print('a is '+str(isVowel('a'))) 
print('x is '+str(isVowel('x')))
 
  

Output

a is True  x is False

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Using operator.countOf() method

Python3

   import operator as op 
  
vowels="aeiouAEIOU"
  
def is_vowel(char): 
    if op.countOf(vowels, char)>0: 
        return True
    return False
  
print(is_vowel('a'))  # Output: True 
print(is_vowel('b'))  # Output: False 
 
  

Output

True  False

Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Python Program to Count characters surrounding vowels

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python

Python Program to find if a character is vowel or Consonant

Python3

How to handle capital letters as well?

Python3

Python Program to find if a character is vowel or Consonant using switch case

Python3

Another way is to find() the character in a string containing only Vowels.

Python3

Most efficient way to check Vowel using bit shift :

Python3

Use regular expressions:

Python3

Using ord() method:

Python3

Using operator.countOf() method

Python3

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