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Class as Decorator in Python
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Private Attributes in a Python Class

Last Updated : 21 Feb, 2024
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In Python, encapsulation is a key principle of object-oriented programming (OOP), allowing you to restrict access to certain attributes or methods within a class. Private attributes are one way to implement encapsulation by making variables accessible only within the class itself. In this article, we will explore how to create private attributes in a Python class.

Private Attributes in a Class in Python

Below are some of the examples by which we can understand about how we can create a private attribute in a class in Python:

Using Double Underscore Prefix

In this example, we have an id attribute of a class and we want to make the attribute private. So for making the attribute private, we can use (__).

Python3 
# Creating a Class class Student:     name = "Lokesh Singh"      __id = 1234            # Method for Printing Private Attribute     def Print_Id(self):         print(f"The Id of student is : {self.__id}")      lokesh = Student() print(f"The name of student is : {lokesh.name}") # Public Attribute can be accessed directly from outside class  # Accessing private attribute using getter method lokesh.Print_Id()

Output
The name of student is : Lokesh Singh The Id of student is : 1234

Using Double Underscore Prefix with getter-setter method

In this example, we have defined a constructor that will set the data of student and a getter method to get the private data of the student as the private member cannot be accessed directly from outside the class.

Python3 
class Student:     def __init__(self, name, id):         self.__id = id         self.name = name      def get_Id(self):         return self.__id  # Setting the data of the student sonali = Student("Sonali Kumari", 58)  # Printing the name as the name is public print("The name is :", sonali.name)  # Printing the Id by getter method as the id is private print("The id is :", sonali.get_Id())

Output
The name is : Sonali Kumari The id is : 58

Using Property Decorator

In this example, we have used Property Decorator method to get the data. we have a constructor consisting of a private data and a method that will print the private data. As we know that private members of the class cannot be accesses outside the class.

Python3 
class Private:     def __init__(self):         self.__private_attr = 10      @property     def Get_Private_Data(self):         return self.__private_attr  obj = Private() print("The Private Data is :", obj.Get_Private_Data)

Output
The Private Data is : 10

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Class as Decorator in Python

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