Print the sequence of size N in which every term is sum of previous K terms

Last Updated : 15 Sep, 2022

Given two integers N and K, the task is to generate a series of N terms in which every term is sum of the previous K terms.
Note: The first term of the series is 1. if there are not enough previous terms, then other terms are supposed to be 0.
Examples:

Input: N = 8, K = 3
Output: 1 1 2 4 7 13 24 44
Explanation:
Series is generated as follows:
a[0] = 1
a[1] = 1 + 0 + 0 = 1
a[2] = 1 + 1 + 0 = 2
a[3] = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4
a[4] = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
a[5] = 7 + 4 + 2 = 13
a[6] = 13 + 7 + 4 = 24
a[7] = 24 + 13 + 7 = 44
Input: N = 10, K = 4
Output: 1 1 2 4 8 15 29 56 108 208

Naive Approach: The idea is to run two loops to generate N terms of series. Below is the illustration of the steps:

Traverse the first loop from 0 to N – 1, to generate every term of the series.
Run a loop from max(0, i – K) to i to compute the sum of the previous K terms.
Update the sum to the current index of series as the current term.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

   // C++ implementation to find the
// series in which every term is
// sum of previous K terms
 
#include <iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to generate the
// series in the form of array
void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
{
    int arr[N];
    arr[0] = 1;
 
    // Pick a starting point
    for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
        int j = i - 1, count = 0,
            sum = 0;
        // Find the sum of all
        // elements till count < K
        while (j >= 0 && count < K) {
            sum += arr[j];
            j--;
            count++;
        }
        // Find the value of
        // sum at i position
        arr[i] = sum;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 10, K = 4;
    sumOfPrevK(N, K);
    return 0;
}
 
  

Java

   // Java implementation to find the
// series in which every term is
// sum of previous K terms
 
class Sum {
    // Function to generate the
    // series in the form of array
    void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
    {
        int arr[] = new int[N];
        arr[0] = 1;
 
        // Pick a starting point
        for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
            int j = i - 1, count = 0,
                sum = 0;
            // Find the sum of all
            // elements till count < K
            while (j >= 0 && count < K) {
                sum += arr[j];
                j--;
                count++;
            }
            // Find the value of
            // sum at i position
            arr[i] = sum;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
        }
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Sum s = new Sum();
        int N = 10, K = 4;
        s.sumOfPrevK(N, K);
    }
}
 
  

Python3

   # Python3 implementation to find the 
# series in which every term is 
# sum of previous K terms 
 
# Function to generate the 
# series in the form of array 
def sumOfPrevK(N, K): 
    arr = [0 for i in range(N)] 
    arr[0] = 1
 
    # Pick a starting point
    for i in range(1,N): 
        j = i - 1
        count = 0
        sum = 0
         
        # Find the sum of all 
        # elements till count < K 
        while (j >= 0 and count < K):
            sum = sum + arr[j]
            j = j - 1
            count = count + 1
 
        # Find the value of 
        # sum at i position 
        arr[i] = sum
 
    for i in range(0, N): 
        print(arr[i])
 
# Driver Code 
N = 10
K = 4
sumOfPrevK(N, K)
 
# This code is contributed by Sanjit_Prasad
 
  

C#

   // C# implementation to find the
// series in which every term is
// sum of previous K terms
using System;
 
class Sum {
    // Function to generate the
    // series in the form of array
    void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
    {
        int []arr = new int[N];
        arr[0] = 1;
  
        // Pick a starting point
        for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
            int j = i - 1, count = 0,
                sum = 0;
 
            // Find the sum of all
            // elements till count < K
            while (j >= 0 && count < K) {
                sum += arr[j];
                j--;
                count++;
            }
 
            // Find the value of
            // sum at i position
            arr[i] = sum;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
        }
    }
  
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String []args)
    {
        Sum s = new Sum();
        int N = 10, K = 4;
        s.sumOfPrevK(N, K);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
 
  

Javascript

   <script>
 
// JavaScript implementation to find the
// series in which every term is
// sum of previous K terms
 
// Function to generate the
// series in the form of array
function sumOfPrevK(N, K)
{
    let arr = new Array(N);
    arr[0] = 1;
 
    // Pick a starting point
    for (let i = 1; i < N; i++) {
        let j = i - 1, count = 0, sum = 0;
        // Find the sum of all
        // elements till count < K
        while (j >= 0 && count < K) {
            sum += arr[j];
            j--;
            count++;
        }
        // Find the value of
        // sum at i position
        arr[i] = sum;
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        document.write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
 
let N = 10, K = 4;
sumOfPrevK(N, K);
 
// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal
 
</script>
 
  

Output:

1 1 2 4 8 15 29 56 108 208

Performance analysis:

Time Complexity: O(N * K)
Space Complexity: O(N)

Improved Approach: The idea is to store the current sum in a variable and subtract the last K^th term in every step and add the last term into the pre-sum to compute every term of the series.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

   #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
 
void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
{
    vector<int> arr(N);
    // initialize the 0th index with 1
    arr[0] = 1;
 
    // initialize sliding window and sum
    // the sum stores the sum of the previous window
    int start = 0, end = 1, sum = 1;
 
    while (end < N) {
        // if size of the sliding window exceeds K
        if (end - start > K) {
            // decrease the window size and update the sum
            sum -= arr[start];
            ++start;
        }
        // update the current element by sum of the previous
        // K elements
        arr[end] = sum;
        // Update the sum by adding the current element
        sum += arr[end];
        // increase the window size
        ++end;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}
 
int main()
{
    int N = 10, K = 4;
    sumOfPrevK(N, K);
    return 0;
}
 
  

Java

   // Java code to implement the approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
  static void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
  {
    ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
      arr.add(0);
 
    // initialize the 0th index with 1
    arr.set(0, 1);
 
    // initialize sliding window and sum
    // the sum stores the sum of the previous window
    int start = 0, end = 1, sum = 1;
 
    while (end < N) {
      // if size of the sliding window exceeds K
      if (end - start > K) {
        // decrease the window size and update the
        // sum
        sum -= arr.get(start);
        ++start;
      }
 
      // update the current element by sum of the
      // previous K elements
      arr.set(end, sum);
      // Update the sum by adding the current element
      sum += arr.get(end);
 
      // increase the window size
      ++end;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
      System.out.print(arr.get(i) + " ");
    }
    System.out.print("\n");
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int N = 10, K = 4;
    sumOfPrevK(N, K);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17
 
  

Python3

   # Python3 code to implement the approach
def sumsOfPrevK(N, K):
 
    arr = [0 for _ in range(N)]
    # initialize the 0th index with 1
    arr[0] = 1
 
    # initialize sliding window and sums
    # the sums stores the sums of the previous window
    start = 0
    end = 1
    sums = 1
 
    while (end < N):
        # if size of the sliding window exceeds K
        if (end - start > K):
           
            # decrease the window size and update the sums
            sums -= arr[start]
            start += 1
 
        # update the current element by sums of the previous
        # K elements
        arr[end] = sums
         
        # Update the sums by adding the current element
        sums += arr[end]
         
        # increase the window size
        end += 1
 
    print(*arr)
 
# Driver Code
N = 10
K = 4
sumsOfPrevK(N, K)
 
# This code is contributed by phasing17
 
  

C#

   // C# code to implement the approach
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
  static void sumOfPrevK(int N, int K)
  {
    List<int> arr = new List<int>() ;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
      arr.Add(0);
 
    // initialize the 0th index with 1
    arr[0] = 1;
 
    // initialize sliding window and sum
    // the sum stores the sum of the previous window
    int start = 0, end = 1, sum = 1;
 
    while (end < N) {
      // if size of the sliding window exceeds K
      if (end - start > K) {
        // decrease the window size and update the sum
        sum -= arr[start];
        ++start;
      }
 
      // update the current element by sum of the previous
      // K elements
      arr[end] = sum;
      // Update the sum by adding the current element
      sum += arr[end];
 
      // increase the window size
      ++end;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
      Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    Console.Write("\n");
  }
 
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int N = 10, K = 4;
    sumOfPrevK(N, K);
  }
}
 
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17
 
  

Javascript

   // JavaScript code to implement the approach
 
 
function sumOfPrevK(N, K)
{
    let arr = new Array(N);
    // initialize the 0th index with 1
    arr[0] = 1;
 
    // initialize sliding window and sum
    // the sum stores the sum of the previous window
    let start = 0, end = 1, sum = 1;
 
    while (end < N) {
        // if size of the sliding window exceeds K
        if (end - start > K) {
            // decrease the window size and update the sum
            sum -= arr[start];
            ++start;
        }
        // update the current element by sum of the previous
        // K elements
        arr[end] = sum;
        // Update the sum by adding the current element
        sum += arr[end];
        // increase the window size
        ++end;
    }
 
    console.log(arr.join(" "))
    
}
 
 
// Driver Code
 
let N = 10, K = 4;
sumOfPrevK(N, K);
 
 
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17
 
  

Complexity analysis:

Time Complexity: O(N)
Space Complexity: O(N)

Another Approach: Sliding Window

The idea is to use a fixed-size sliding window of size K to get the sum of previous K elements.

Initialize the answer array with arr[0] = 1 and a variable sum = 1, representing the sum of the last K elements. Initially, the previous sum = 1. (If there are less than K elements in the last window, then the sum will store the sum of all the elements in the window)
The sliding window is initialized by making start = 0 and end = 1.
If the window size exceeds K, then decrement arr[start] from sum and increment start to update the window size and sum.
Make arr[end] = sum, which will be the sum of the previous K elements, and increment sum by arr[end] for the next iteration. Increment end by 1.

Output

1 1 2 4 8 15 29 56 108 208

Complexity analysis:

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Sum of series till N-th term whose i-th term is i^k - (i-1)^k

_shreya_garg_

Improve

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Practice Tags :

Print the sequence of size N in which every term is sum of previous K terms

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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