Pin diagram of 8086 microprocessor
Last Updated : 04 Sep, 2024
The 8086 chip, presented by Intel in 1978, is a critical part in the development of processing innovation. Its pin outline is a basic part of figuring out its design and usefulness. The pin chart gives a visual portrayal of the chip's outer associations and their individual capabilities, including power supply, ground, information, address, and control lines. Each pin is assigned for explicit jobs, for example, information movement, memory tending to, and framework control, which are fundamental for connecting with other equipment parts. Breaking down the 8086 pin outline is vital for planning and investigating frameworks that consolidate this persuasive microchip.
What is 8086 Microprocessor?
The 8086 microchip, created by Intel in 1978, is a 16-digit processor that noticeable a huge headway in figuring innovation. It includes a 16-cycle information transport and a 20-bit address transport, permitting it to address up to 1 MB of memory. The 8086 is known for its portioned memory engineering, which partitions memory into sections for more proficient access and the executives. It upholds a rich arrangement of guidelines and methods of activity, making it flexible for different applications. As a basic part in early PCs, the 8086 made ready for the improvement of later chips and impacted PC engineering plans.
Pin diagram of 8086 microprocessor is as given below:
Intel 8086 is a 16-bit HMOS microprocessor. It is available in 40 pin DIP chip. It uses a 5V DC supply for its operation. The 8086 uses a 20-line address bus. It has a 16-line data bus. The 20 lines of the address bus operate in multiplexed mode. The 16-low order address bus lines have been multiplexed with data and 4 high-order address bus lines have been multiplexed with status signals.
AD0-AD15: Address/Data bus. These are low order address bus. They are multiplexed with data. When AD lines are used to transmit memory address the symbol A is used instead of AD, for example A0-A15. When data are transmitted over AD lines the symbol D is used in place of AD, for example D0-D7, D8-D15 or D0-D15.
A16-A19: High order address bus. These are multiplexed with status signals.
S2, S1, S0: Status pins. These pins are active during T4, T1 and T2 states and is returned to passive state (1,1,1 during T3 or Tw (when ready is inactive). These are used by the 8288 bus controller for generating all the memory and I/O operation) access control signals. Any change in S2, S1, S0 during T4 indicates the beginning of a bus cycle.
| S2 | S1 | S0 | Characteristics |
|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Interrupt acknowledge |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | Read I/O port |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | Write I/O port |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | Halt |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | Code access |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | Read memory |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | Write memory |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Passive state |
A16/S3, A17/S4, A18/S5, A19/S6 : The specified address lines are multiplexed with corresponding status signals.
| A17/S4 | A16/S3 | Function |
|---|
| 0 | 0 | Extra segment access |
| 0 | 1 | Stack segment access |
| 1 | 0 | Code segment access |
| 1 | 1 | Data segment access |
HE'/S7: Bus High Enable/Status. During T1 it is low. It is used to enable data onto the most significant half of data bus, D8-D15. 8-bit device connected to upper half of the data bus use BHE (Active Low) signal. It is multiplexed with status signal S7. S7 signal is available during T2, T3 and T4.
RD': This is used for read operation. It is an output signal. It is active when low.
READY : This is the acknowledgement from the memory or slow device that they have completed the data transfer. The signal made available by the devices is synchronized by the 8284A clock generator to provide ready input to the microprocessor. The signal is active high(1).
INTR : Interrupt Request. This is triggered input. This is sampled during the last clock cycles of each instruction for determining the availability of the request. If any interrupt request is found pending, the processor enters the interrupt acknowledge cycle. This can be internally masked after resulting the interrupt enable flag. This signal is active high(1) and has been synchronized internally.
NMI : Non maskable interrupt. This is an edge triggered input which results in a type II interrupt. A subroutine is then vectored through an interrupt vector lookup table which is located in the system memory. NMI is non-maskable internally by software. A transition made from low(0) to high(1) initiates the interrupt at the end of the current instruction. This input has been synchronized internally.
INTA : Interrupt acknowledge. It is active low(0) during T2, T3 and Tw of each interrupt acknowledge cycle.
MN/MX' : Minimum/Maximum. This pin signal indicates what mode the processor will operate in.
RQ'/GT1', RQ'/GT0' : Request/Grant. These pins are used by local bus masters used to force the microprocessor to release the local bus at the end of the microprocessor's current bus cycle. Each of the pin is bi-directional. RQ'/GT0' have higher priority than RQ'/GT1'.
LOCK' : Its an active low pin. It indicates that other system bus masters have not been allowed to gain control of the system bus while LOCK' is active low(0). The LOCK signal will be active until the completion of the next instruction.
TEST' : This examined by a ‘WAIT’ instruction. If the TEST pin goes low(0), execution will continue, else the processor remains in an idle state. The input is internally synchronized during each of the clock cycle on leading edge of the clock.
CLK : Clock Input. The clock input provides the basic timing for processing operation and bus control activity. Its an asymmetric square wave with a 33% duty cycle.
RESET : This pin requires the microprocessor to terminate its present activity immediately. The signal must be active high(1) for at least four clock cycles.
Vcc : Power Supply( +5V D.C.)
GND : Ground
QS1,QS0 : Queue Status. These signals indicate the status of the internal 8086 instruction queue according to the table shown below:
| QS1 | QS0 | Status |
|---|
| 0 | 0 | No operation |
| 0 | 1 | First byte of op code from queue |
| 1 | 0 | Empty the queue |
| 1 | 1 | Subsequent byte from queue |
M/IO': This signal is used to distinguish between memory and I/O operations. The M Signal is Active high whereas the IO' Signal is Active Low. When this Pin is High, the memory operations takes place. On the other hand, when the Pin is low, the Input/Output operations from the peripheral devices takes place.
=DT/R : Data Transmit/Receive. This pin is required in minimum systems, that want to use an 8286 or 8287 data bus transceiver. The direction of data flow is controlled through the transceiver.
DEN: Data enable. This pin is provided as an output enable for the 8286/8287 in a minimum system which uses transceiver. DEN is active low(0) during each memory and input-output access and for INTA cycles.
HOLD/HOLDA: HOLD indicates that another master has been requesting a local bus .This is an active high(1). The microprocessor receiving the HOLD request will issue HLDA (high) as an acknowledgement in the middle of a T4 or T1 clock cycle.
ALE : Address Latch Enable. ALE is provided by the microprocessor to latch the address into the 8282 or 8283 address latch. It is an active high(1) pulse during T1 of any bus cycle. ALE signal is never floated, is always integer.
Conclusion
The 8086 chip addresses a milestone in the development of PC innovation, presenting a 16-bit design that laid the foundation for future progressions. Its capacity to address up to 1 MB of memory and its fragmented memory model gave huge enhancements in figuring power and effectiveness. Understanding its pin outline and inward construction is fundamental for both authentic setting and viable applications in framework plan and investigating. The tradition of the 8086 is apparent in its impact on resulting processors and its part in forming the advancement of current registering frameworks.
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