Moment of inertia is the property of a body in rotational motion. Moment of Inertia is the property of the rotational bodies which tends to oppose the change in rotational motion of the body. It is similar to the inertia of any body in translational motion. Mathematically, the Moment of Inertia is given as the sum of the product of the mass of each particle and the square of the distance from the rotational axis. It is measured in the unit of kgm2.
Let's learn about the Moment of Inertia in detail in the article below.
Moment of Inertia Definition
Moment of Inertia is the tendency of a body in rotational motion which opposes the change in its rotational motion due to external forces. The Moment of Inertia behaves as angular mass and is called rotational inertia. Moment of Inertia is analogous to the mechanical Inertia of the body.
MOI is defined as the quantity expressed by the sum of the product of the mass of every particle with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation for any particle performing the rotational motion.
Unit of Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia is a scalar quantity and the SI unit of the Moment of Inertia is kgm2.
Moment of Inertia Dimensional Formula
Since the Moment of Inertia is given as the product of mass and square of distance. Its dimensional formula is given by the product of the dimensional formula of mass and the square of the dimensional formula of length. The dimensional formula of the moment of inertia is, ML2
What is Inertia?
Inertia is the property of a matter by virtue of which it tends to resist the change in the state of its motion. This means a body in rest tries to remain at rest and resist any force trying to bring it into motion, and a body in motion tries to continue in motion and resist any force trying to bring it to change the magnitude of its motion. In terms of quantity, it is equal to the maximum force trying to change its state of motion.
Learn more about Inertia.
The Moment of Inertia is a scalar quantity. Mathematically, the product of the square of the mass of a particle and the distance from the axis of rotation is called the moment of inertia of the particle about the axis of rotation.
The general formula for finding the Moment of Inertia of any object is,
I = mr2
where,
m is the mass of the object'
r is the distance from the axis of rotation
For a body of consisting of continuous infinitesimally small particles, the Integral form of the Moment of Inertia is used to calculate the Moment of Inertia.
I = ∫dI
I = \int_{0}^{M} r^2 dm
Moment of Inertia of a System of Particles
Moment of Inertia of a system of particles is given by the formula,
I = ∑mi ri2
where,
ri is the perpendicular distance of the ith particle from the axis
mi is the mass of ith particle
The above Moment of Inertia equation tells that moment of inertia for a system of particles is equal to the sum of product of the mass of each and the square of the distance from the rotation axis of each particle.
For the figure given below,
Moment of inertia of first particle = m1×r12
Moment of inertia of second particle = m2×r22
Moment of inertia of third particle = m3×r32
Similarly,
Moment of inertia of nth particle = mn×rn2
Now the moment of inertia of the entire body about the axis of rotation AB will be equal to the sum of the moment of inertia of all the particles, so
I = m1×r12 + m2×r22 + m3×r32 +......+mn×rn2
I = Σ mi×ri2
where,
I represent moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation
mi is the mass of ith particle,
ri is the radius of ith particle
Σ represents the sum.
From the equation, we can say that the moment of inertia of a body about a fixed axis is equal to the sum of the product of the mass of each particle of that body and the square of its perpendicular distance from the fixed axis.
Factors Affecting Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia of any object depends on the following values:
- Shape and size of the object
- Density of the material of the object
- Axis of Rotation
How to Calculate Moment Of Inertia?
Several ways are used to calculate the moment of inertia of any rotating object.
- For uniform objects, the moment of inertia is calculated by taking the product of its mass with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation (r2).
- For non-uniform objects, we calculate the moment of inertia by taking the sum of the product of individual point masses at each different radius for this the formula used is
I = ∑miri2
This table discusses expressions for the moment of inertia for some symmetric objects along with their rotation axis:
| Object | Axis | Expression of the Moment of Inertia |
|---|
| Hollow Cylinder Thin-walled | Central | I = Mr2 |
| Thin Ring | Diameter | I = 1/2 Mr2 |
| Annular Ring or Hollow Cylinder | Central | I = 1/2 M(r22 + r12) |
| Solid Cylinder | Central | I = 1/2 Mr2 |
| Uniform Disc | Diameter | I = 1/4 Mr2 |
| Hollow Sphere | Central | I = 2/3 Mr2 |
| Solid Sphere | Central | I = 2/5 Mr2 |
| Uniform Symmetric Spherical Shell | Central | I = \frac{2}{5}M\frac{(r_2^5-r_1^5)}{(r_2^3-r_1^3)} |
| Uniform Plate or Rectangular Parallelepiped | Central | I = 1/12 M(a2 + b2) |
| Thin rod | Central | I = 1/12 Mr2 |
| Thin rod | At the End of Rod | I = 1/3 Mr2 |
Radius of Gyration
The Radius of Gyration of a body is defined as the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the point of mass whose mass is equal to the mass of the whole body and the Moment of Inertia is equal to the actual moment of inertia of the object as it has been assumed that total mass of the body is concentrated there. It is an imaginary distance. The Radius of Gyration is denoted by K.
If the mass and radius of gyration of the body are M and K respectively, then the moment of inertia of a body is
I = MK2 ......(1)
Thus, the Radius of Gyration of a body is perpendicular to the axis of rotation whose square multiplied by the mass of that body gives the moment of inertia of that body about that axis.
Again by equation (1), K2 = I/M
K = √(I/m)
Thus, the Radius of the Gyration of a body about an axis is equal to the square root of the ratio of the body about that axis.
Moment of Inertia Theorems
There are two types of theorems that are very important with respect to the Moment of Inertia:
- Parallel Axis Theorem
- Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Perpendicular Axis Theorem states that the sum of the moment of inertia of a body about two mutually perpendicular axes situated in the plane of a body is equal to the moment of inertia of the body about the third axis which is perpendicular to the two axes and passes through their point of intersection.
In the above figure, OX and OY are two axes in the plane of the body which are perpendicular to each other. The third axis is OZ which is perpendicular to the plane of the body and passes through the point of intersection of the OX and OY axes. If Ix, Iy, and Iz are the moments of inertia of the body about the axis OX, OY, and OZ axes respectively, then according to this theorem
Ix + Iy = Iz
Parallel Axis Theorem
According to Parallel Axis theorem, the moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is the sum of the moment of inertia about an axis passing through the center of mass of that body and the product of the square of the mass of the body and the perpendicular distance between the two axes.
Let in the above figure, we have to find the moment of inertia of IO of the body passing through the point O and about the axis perpendicular to the plane, while the moment of inertia of the body passing through the center of mass C and about an axis parallel to the given axis is IC, then according to this theorem
IO = IC + Ml2
where
M is the mass of the entire body
l is the perpendicular distance between two axes.
Moments of Inertia for Different Objects
Moment of Inertia of different objects is discussed below in this article
Moment of Inertia of a Rectangular Plate
If the mass of the plate is M, length l, and width b, then the moment of inertia passes through the center of gravity and about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
I = M(l2 + b2 / 12)
Moment of Inertia of a Disc
If the disc has a mass M and radius r, then the moment of inertia about the disc's geometric axis is
I = 1/2(Mr2)
Moment of Inertia of a Rod
If the mass of the rod is M and the length is l, then the moment of inertia about the axis perpendicular to the length of the rod and passing through its center of gravity
I = ML2/12
Moment of Inertia of a Circle
If the mass of the ring is M and the radius of the ring is r, then the moment of inertia about the axis passing through perpendicularly to the center of the ring is
I = Mr2
Moment of Inertia of a Sphere
If a Solid Sphere has a mass of M and a radius of r, then the moment of inertia about its diameter is
I = 2/5Mr2
Moment of Inertia of Solid Cylinder
The Moment of Inertia of a Solid Cylinder of Radius 'R' and mass M is given by
I = 1/2MR2
Moment of Inertia of Hollow Cylinder
A hollow cylinder has two radii namely internal radius and external radius. The Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Cylinder having mass M, external radius R1, and internal radius R2 is given as
I = 1/2M(R12 + R22)
Moment of Inertia of Solid Sphere
The Moment of Inertia of a Solid Sphere of Mass 'M' and Radius 'R' is given as
I = 2/5MR2
Moment of Inertia of Hollow Sphere
The Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Sphere of Mass M and Radius 'R' is given as
I = 2/3MR2
Moment of Inertia of Ring
The Moment of Inertia of a Ring is given for two cases when the axis of rotation passes through center and when the axis of rotation passes through the diameter.
The Moment of Inertia of the Ring about the axis passing through the center is given by
I = MR2
The Moment of Inertia of the Ring about the axis passing through the diameter is given by
I = Mr2/2
Moment of Inertia of Square
The Moment of Inertia of the Square of side 'a' is given as
I = a4/12
The Moment of Inertia of a Square Plate of the Side of length 'l' and mass M is given as
I = 1/6ML2
Moment of Inertia of Triangle
The Moment of Inertia of a Triangle is given for 3 situations, first, when axis pass through the centre, second when axis pass through the base and third when axis is perpendicular to the base. Let's see the formula for them one by one. For a triangle of base 'b' and height 'h', the formula for moment of inertia is given as follows
When axis pass though the Centroid
I = bh3/36
When axis pass through the Base
I = bh3/12
When axis is Perpendicular to the base
I = (hb/36)(b2 - b1b + b12)
Difference Between Moment of Inertia and Inertia
The difference between inertia and moment of inertia is tabulated below:
| S.No. | Inertia | Moment of Inertia |
|---|
| 1. | Its importance is in linear motion. | Its importance is in rotational motion. |
| 2. | It is that property of an object which opposes the change of state of the object in linear motion. | The moment of inertia is that property of an object which opposes the change of state of the object in rotational motion. |
| 3. | The inertia of an object depends only on its mass. | The moment of inertia of an object depends on its mass and its mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation. |
| 4. | The inertia of an object is fixed. | The moment of inertia of an object varies with respect to different axes of rotation. |
Kinetic Energy of Rotating Body
Let us assume a body of Mass 'm' rotating with velocity v at a distance 'r' from the axis of rotation. Its angular velocity is then given by ω = v/r then v = rω. Now we know that the Kinetic Energy of a body is given by
KE = 1/2mv2
⇒ KE = 1/2m(rω)2
⇒ KE = 1/2mr2ω2
⇒ KE = 1/2Iω2
Hence, the Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Body is given by half of the product of the Moment of Inertia and the angular velocity of the body. The kinetic energy of rotating body is also called Rotational Kinetic Energy. The formula of Rotational Kinetic Energy is given as
KE = 1/2Iω2
The Moment of Inertia(I) is independent of the angular velocity of the body. It is a function of the mass of the rotating body and the distance of the body from the axis of rotation. Hence, we observe that angular motion is analogous to linear motion, this means that the significance of Moment of Inertia is that it gives an idea about how masses are distributed at different distances from the axis of rotation in a rotating body.
Application of Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia has various applications some of which are discussed below:
- Due to the greater moment of inertia, the earth is rotating on its axis with the same angular velocity.
- A small moving wheel is placed under the children's play motor. After rubbing this wheel with the ground and leaving the motor, due to the moment of inertia of the wheel, the motor keeps running for some time.
- Each engine consists of a large and heavy wheel attached to its shaft, with most of its mass on its circumference. Therefore, its moment of inertia is high. This wheel is called a flywheel. The torque that drives the shaft of the engine keeps on increasing. Therefore, the rotation of the shaft may not be uniform, but due to the presence of a moving wheel with more inertia, the shaft continues to rotate at an almost uniform speed.
- In the wheel of bullock carts, rickshaws, scooters, cycles, etc., most of the mass is concentrated on its circle or rim. this hoop or routine is attached to the axis of the wheel by rigid spokes. By doing this its moment of inertia increases. Therefore, when the legs stop moving while cycling, the wheel continues to spin for some time.
Also, Check
Solved Examples on Moments of Inertia
Example 1: A body of mass 500 g is rotating about an axis. the distance of the center of mass of the body from the axis of rotation is 1.2 m. find the moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation.
Solution:
Given that M = 500 g = 0.5 kg, r = 1.2 m.
Obviously, the entire mass of a body can be assumed to be placed at its center of mass. Then the moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation.
I = Mr2
I = 0.5 × (1.2)2
I = 0.72 kg m2
Example 2: The radius of revolution about an axis 12 cm away from the center of mass of a body of mass 1.2 kg is 13 cm. Calculate the radius of revolution and moment of inertia about an axis passing through the center of mass.
Solution:
Given that, M = 1.0 kg, K = 13 cm, l = 12 cm, KCM = ?, ICM = ?
From Theorem of Parallel Axis I = ICM + Ml2
K2 = KCM2 + l2
or KCM2 = K2 - l2
KCM2 = (13)2 - (12)2 = 25
KCM = 5
Now, Moment of Inertia ICM = MKCM2
ICM = 1.0 × (0.05)2 = 2.5 × 10-3 kg m2
Example 3: A body of mass 0.1 kg is rotating about an axis. if the distance of the center of mass of the body from the axis of rotation is 0.5 m, then find the moment of inertia of the body.
Solution:
Given that, M = 0.1 kg and r = 0.5 m
so I = Mr2
I = 0.1 × (0.5)2
I = 0.025 kg m2
Example 4: The moment of inertia of the rings about an axis passing through its center perpendicular to the plane of the circular ring is 200 gm cm2. What will be the moment of inertia about its diameter?
Solution:
Moment of Inertia of a circular ring about an axis passing through another center perpendicular to its plane
MR2 = 200 gm cm2
Moment of inertia about to diameter
= 1/2 MR2
= 1/2 × 200 = 100 gm cm2
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Bulk Modulus FormulaFor every material, the bulk modulus is defined as the proportion of volumetric stress to volumetric strain. The bulk modulus, in simpler terms, is a numerical constant that is used to quantify and explain the elastic characteristics of a solid or fluid when pressure is applied. We'll go over the bu
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Shear Modulus and Bulk ModulusA rigid body model is an idealised representation of an item that does not deform when subjected to external forces. It is extremely beneficial for evaluating mechanical systems—and many physical items are quite stiff. The degree to which an item may be regarded as stiff is determined by the physica
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Poisson's RatioPoisson's Ratio is the negative ratio of transversal strain or lateral strain to the longitudinal strain of a material under stress. When a material particularly a rubber-like material undergoes stress the deformation is not limited to only one direction, rather it happens along both transversal and
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Stress, Strain and Elastic Potential EnergyElasticity, this term always reminds of objects like Rubber bands, etc. However, if the question arises, which one is more elastic- A rubber or an Iron piece? The answer will be an Iron piece. Why? The answer lies in the definition of Elasticity, elasticity is known to be the ability of the object t
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Thermodynamics
Basics Concepts of ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is concerned with the ideas of heat and temperature, as well as the exchange of heat and other forms of energy. The branch of science that is known as thermodynamics is related to the study of various kinds of energy and its interconversion. The behaviour of these quantities is govern
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Zeroth Law of ThermodynamicsZeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that when two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with another third body than the two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Ralph H. Fowler developed this law in the 1930s, many years after the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics had a
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First Law of ThermodynamicsFirst Law of Thermodynamics adaptation of the Law of Conservation of Energy differentiates between three types of energy transfer: Heat, Thermodynamic Work, and Energy associated with matter transfer. It also relates each type of energy transfer to a property of a body's Internal Energy. The First L
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Second Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of Thermodynamics defines that heat cannot move from a reservoir of lower temperature to a reservoir of higher temperature in a cyclic process. The second law of thermodynamics deals with transferring heat naturally from a hotter body to a colder body. Second Law of Thermodynamics is one
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Thermodynamic CyclesThermodynamic cycles are used to explain how heat engines, which convert heat into work, operate. A thermodynamic cycle is used to accomplish this. The application determines the kind of cycle that is employed in the engine. The thermodynamic cycle consists of a series of interrelated thermodynamic
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Thermodynamic State Variables and Equation of StateThe branch of thermodynamics deals with the process of heat exchange by the gas or the temperature of the system of the gas. This branch also deals with the flow of heat from one part of the system to another part of the system. For systems that are present in the real world, there are some paramete
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Enthalpy: Definition, Formula and ReactionsEnthalpy is the measurement of heat or energy in the thermodynamic system. It is the most fundamental concept in the branch of thermodynamics. It is denoted by the symbol H. In other words, we can say, Enthalpy is the total heat of the system. Let's know more about Enthalpy in detail below.Enthalpy
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State FunctionsState Functions are the functions that are independent of the path of the function i.e. they are concerned about the final state and not how the state is achieved. State Functions are most used in thermodynamics. In this article, we will learn the definition of state function, what are the state fun
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Carnot EngineA Carnot motor is a hypothetical motor that works on the Carnot cycle. Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot fostered the fundamental model for this motor in 1824. In this unmistakable article, you will find out about the Carnot cycle and Carnot Theorem exhaustively. The Carnot motor is a hypothetical thermod
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Heat Engine - Definition, Working, PV Diagram, Efficiency, TypesHeat engines are devices that turn heat energy into motion or mechanical work. Heat engines are based on the principles of thermodynamics, specifically the conversion of heat into work according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. They are found everywhere, from our cars, power plants to
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Wave and Oscillation
Introduction to Waves - Definition, Types, PropertiesA wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities in physics, mathematics, and related subjects, commonly described by a wave equation. At least two field quantities in the wave medium are involved in physical waves. Periodic waves occur when variables o
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Wave MotionWave Motion refers to the transfer of energy and momentum from one point to another in a medium without actually transporting matter between the two points. Wave motion is a kind of disturbance from place to place. Wave can travel in solid medium, liquid medium, gas medium, and in a vacuum. Sound wa
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OscillationOscillations are defined as the process of repeating vibrations of any quantity about its equilibrium position. The word “oscillation†originates from the Latin verb, which means to swing. An object oscillates whenever a force pushes or pulls it back toward its central point after displacement. This
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Oscillatory Motion FormulaOscillatory Motion is a form of motion in which an item travels over a spot repeatedly. The optimum situation can be attained in a total vacuum since there will be no air to halt the item in oscillatory motion friction. Let's look at a pendulum as shown below. The vibrating of strings and the moveme
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Amplitude FormulaThe largest deviation of a variable from its mean value is referred to as amplitude. It is the largest displacement from a particle's mean location in to and fro motion around a mean position. Periodic pressure variations, periodic current or voltage variations, periodic variations in electric or ma
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What is Frequency?Frequency is the rate at which the repetitive event that occurs over a specific period. Frequency shows the oscillations of waves, operation of electrical circuits and the recognition of sound. The frequency is the basic concept for different fields from physics and engineering to music and many mor
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Amplitude, Time Period and Frequency of a VibrationSound is a form of energy generated by vibrating bodies. Its spread necessitates the use of a medium. As a result, sound cannot travel in a vacuum because there is no material to transfer sound waves. Sound vibration is the back and forth motion of an entity that causes the sound to be made. That is
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Energy of a Wave FormulaWave energy, often referred to as the energy carried by waves, encompasses both the kinetic energy of their motion and the potential energy stored within their amplitude or frequency. This energy is not only essential for natural processes like ocean currents and seismic waves but also holds signifi
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Simple Harmonic MotionSimple Harmonic Motion is a fundament concept in the study of motion, especially oscillatory motion; which helps us understand many physical phenomena around like how strings produce pleasing sounds in a musical instrument such as the sitar, guitar, violin, etc., and also, how vibrations in the memb
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Displacement in Simple Harmonic MotionThe Oscillatory Motion has a big part to play in the world of Physics. Oscillatory motions are said to be harmonic if the displacement of the oscillatory body can be expressed as a function of sine or cosine of an angle depending upon time. In Harmonic Oscillations, the limits of oscillations on eit
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Sound
Production and Propagation of SoundHave you ever wonder how are we able to hear different sounds produced around us. How are these sounds produced? Or how a single instrument can produce a wide variety of sounds? Also, why do astronauts communicate in sign languages in outer space? A sound is a form of energy that helps in hearing to
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What are the Characteristics of Sound Waves?Sound is nothing but the vibrations (a form of energy) that propagates in the form of waves through a certain medium. Different types of medium affect the properties of the wave differently. Does this mean that Sound will not travel if the medium does not exist? Correct. It will not, It is impossibl
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Speed of SoundSpeed of Sound as the name suggests is the speed of the sound in any medium. We know that sound is a form of energy that is caused due to the vibration of the particles and sound travels in the form of waves. A wave is a vibratory disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another point wit
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Reflection of SoundReflection of Sound is the phenomenon of striking of sound with a barrier and bouncing back in the same medium. It is the most common phenomenon observed by us in our daily life. Let's take an example, suppose we are sitting in an empty hall and talking to a person we hear an echo sound which is cre
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Refraction of SoundA sound is a vibration that travels as a mechanical wave across a medium. It can spread via a solid, a liquid, or a gas as the medium. In solids, sound travels the quickest, comparatively more slowly in liquids, and the slowest in gases. A sound wave is a pattern of disturbance caused by energy trav
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How do we hear?Sound is produced from a vibrating object or the organ in the form of vibrations which is called propagation of sound and these vibrations have to be recognized by the brain to interpret the meaning which is possible only in the presence of a multi-functioning organ that is the ear which plays a hug
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Audible and Inaudible SoundsWe hear sound whenever we talk, listen to some music, or play any musical instrument, etc. But did you ever wondered what is that sound and how is it produced? Or why do we hear to our own voice when we shout in a big empty room loudly? What are the ranges of sound that we can hear? In this article,
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Explain the Working and Application of SONARSound energy is the type of energy that allows our ears to sense something. When a body vibrates or moves in a ‘to-and-fro' motion, a sound is made. Sound needs a medium to flow through in order to propagate. This medium could be in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Sound propagates through a
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Noise PollutionNoise pollution is the pollution caused by sound which results in various problems for Humans. A sound is a form of energy that enables us to hear. We hear the sound from the frequency range of 20 to 20000 Hertz (20kHz). Humans have a fixed range for which comfortably hear a sound if we are exposed
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Doppler Effect - Definition, Formula, ExamplesDoppler Effect is an important phenomenon when it comes to waves. This phenomenon has applications in a lot of fields of science. From nature's physical process to planetary motion, this effect comes into play wherever there are waves and the objects are traveling with respect to the wave. In the re
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Doppler Shift FormulaWhen it comes to sound propagation, the Doppler Shift is the shift in pitch of a source as it travels. The frequency seems to grow as the source approaches the listener and decreases as the origin fades away from the ear. When the source is going toward the listener, its velocity is positive; when i
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Electrostatics
ElectrostaticsElectrostatics is the study of electric charges that are fixed. It includes an study of the forces that exist between charges as defined by Coulomb's Law. The following concepts are involved in electrostatics: Electric charge, electric field, and electrostatic force.Electrostatic forces are non cont
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Electric ChargeElectric Charge is the basic property of a matter that causes the matter to experience a force when placed in a electromagnetic field. It is the amount of electric energy that is used for various purposes. Electric charges are categorized into two types, that are, Positive ChargeNegative ChargePosit
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Coulomb's LawCoulomb’s Law is defined as a mathematical concept that defines the electric force between charged objects. Columb's Law states that the force between any two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charge but is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between t
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Electric DipoleAn electric dipole is defined as a pair of equal and opposite electric charges that are separated, by a small distance. An example of an electric dipole includes two atoms separated by small distances. The magnitude of the electric dipole is obtained by taking the product of either of the charge and
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Dipole MomentTwo small charges (equal and opposite in nature) when placed at small distances behave as a system and are called as Electric Dipole. Now, electric dipole movement is defined as the product of either charge with the distance between them. Electric dipole movement is helpful in determining the symmet
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Electrostatic PotentialElectrostatic potential refers to the amount of electrical potential energy present at a specific point in space due to the presence of electric charges. It represents how much work would be done to move a unit of positive charge from infinity to that point without causing any acceleration. The unit
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Electric Potential EnergyElectrical potential energy is the cumulative effect of the position and configuration of a charged object and its neighboring charges. The electric potential energy of a charged object governs its motion in the local electric field.Sometimes electrical potential energy is confused with electric pot
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Potential due to an Electric DipoleThe potential due to an electric dipole at a point in space is the electric potential energy per unit charge that a test charge would experience at that point due to the dipole. An electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit of positive charge from a reference point to a specific
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Equipotential SurfacesWhen an external force acts to do work, moving a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets collected or stores as the potential energy of the body. When the external force is excluded, the body moves, gaining the kinetic energy and losing a
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Capacitor and CapacitanceCapacitor and Capacitance are related to each other as capacitance is nothing but the ability to store the charge of the capacitor. Capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits that store electrical energy in the form of an electric charge. They are widely used in various applications,
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