How do we hear? Last Updated : 30 Jun, 2021 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Sound is produced from a vibrating object or the organ in the form of vibrations which is called propagation of sound and these vibrations have to be recognized by the brain to interpret the meaning which is possible only in the presence of a multi-functioning organ that is the ear which plays a huge role in catching and transferring these vibrations to the brain. In this whole process, an organ called as ear plays an irreplaceable role in stimulating the brain nerves. There is not even a single second in our life when we don't hear any sound, even when no sound came from the environment we can hear our own sound of breathing which is possible only due to our ears which is one of the five sense organs of our body. From waking up to sleeping, we respond to everyone which is possible due to an incredible and so unique part of the body known as Ear. For instance, whatever we hear whether it is of high pitch or of lower one like whether it is a child shout or a drum melody, our ear can recognize and work finely with any quality of sound waves. However, there's an extreme limit to everything that's why sometimes our ear can also be damaged due to long-term exposure of ear in a noisy place, etc. So let's study in brief the human ear, its structure, and its functioning: Structure of a Human EarHuman Ear The ear is an extremely sensitive device. The structure consists of three parts i.e. outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The Outer Ear consists of the Pinna and Ear canal. The Middle Ear consists of Eardrum, Anvil, Hammer and Stirrup. However, the Inner ear has Cochlea, Circular canal, and Auditory nerve. The shape of the outer part of the ear is like a funnel known as Pinna. Then, sound passes through the auditory canal. When sound enters it, it travels down a canal at the end of which there is a thin stretched membrane known as the eardrum. It is like a stretched rubber sheet. The vibrations are amplified with the help of three crucial bones (the hammer, anvil, and stirrup) in the middle ear. The lower part of the middle ear has a narrow Eustachian tube. In the inner ear, the pressure is converted into electrical signals with the assistance of the cochlea. These electrical signals are transferred to the brain via the auditory nerve so that the brain can perceive it as sound. Working of the Ear Hearing depends upon a continuous series of complex function that converts sound waves into electrical impulses. At first sound waves inter into our ear through a thin passageway known as the ear canal or auditory canal which will reach the eardrum. Now, the eardrum will get vibrate due to the arriving sound waves and will redirect these vibrations to three tiny bones in the middle ear. Now, these bones of the middle ear will intensify or will increase these vibrations and transmit it to the cochlea which is a snail-shaped structure filled with fluid, in the inner ear. There are a huge number of tiny hair cells present inside the cochlea. Once the vibrations cause the fluid inside the cochlea to ruffle, a traveling wave formed across the membrane. Hair cells close by the wide end of the cochlea traces higher-pitched sounds, like a baby crying. Those near to the center discover lower-pitched sounds, such as a lion roar. As the hair cells move up and down, microscopic hair-like projections bend. This bending causes the channels, to open up. When that happens, chemicals rush into the cells, creating an electrical signal. And the auditory nerve carries forward these electrical signals to the brain, which convert them into a sound that we acknowledge and recognize. How does Brain perceive the Sound? The human sense of hearing is imputed to the auditory system, which uses the ear to collect, amplify, and transfer, and change, sound waves into electrical impulses that allow the brain to perceive and delimit sounds. Due to a chemical that rushes into the cells because of the movement of the hair-like projections known as stereo cilia which creates the electrical signals that are carried forward through the auditory nerve towards the brain, making it possible for the brain to get the signals and transfer them into a meaning that enables us to recognize and interpret what that sound coming from the environment wants to say. Below is a structured diagram to show how the brain catches the sound waves: Sound waves reach our ear by the following process.How we hear the Sound? We are able to react to everything this is because of the brain which carries the external signals or the messages and then understands the matter then reacts accordingly that's why we react by speaking something after hearing. The brain covers the impulses from the ear into sounds which we will understand. The tiny hair cells in our inner ear transfer these electrical signals to the auditory nerve which is merged with the auditory center point of the brain where all the electrical impulses are perceived by the brain as sound. That's how we hear the sound. For example- whenever, we walk on the road and suddenly hear the sound of a car coming in full speed, although we aren't able to see it or it is far away from our sight, still we will start walking along the edge as a precaution for the safety and this will not be possible if our brain and ear are not able to interpret and hear the sound respectively. Sample Problems Problem 1: How can we feel the surrounding noise? Solution: Every sound near us produces vibrations inside the eardrum and these vibrations are further leads to the electrical impulses following the inner ear which gets detect by the brain that's why further perception process takes place in the brain, and we feel the sound. Problem 2: Why it is found difficult to hear when we put a cotton ball in the ear? Solution: Whenever we put the cotton balls inside our ear, it clogs or damps the ear path which decreases the amount of vibrations entering into the inner that's why less the vibration goes less the transmission occurs resulting in difficulty in hearing. Problem 3: During yawning, why we lose hearing? Solution: During yawning, muscles around the middle ear contracts, that's why we are not able to hear sometimes also loss our hearing power or capacity to hear loud sound. Problem 4: What is the range of frequency of human hearing capacity? Solution: 20 Hz to 20 kHz is the hearing range of frequency of a normal person. Hearing higher than the hearing capacity can be harmful for a person's health. Problem 5: Which organs or parts of the body are used in the process of sound? Solution: The function or process produced by organs or parts are: Function Organ Producing the sound Voice box or larynx Hearing and converting the sound Human ear Interpreting the sound Brain Problem 6: To which part, eardrum sends the vibration? Solution: Ear drum sends vibrations to the three crucial bones (the hammer, anvil and stirrup) in the middle ear. Problem 7: Which part of the human ear indulges in stimulating the auditory nerve? Solution: Cochlea is the that part of the human hear which indulges in stimulating the auditory nerve and also the pressure is converted into the electrical signals with the assistance of cochlea Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Audible and Inaudible Sounds K kavyagupta0098 Follow Improve Article Tags : School Learning Class 8 Physics Physics-Class-8 Similar Reads Physics: Definition, Key Topics , Branches, Curriculum & Interesting Facts The term "physics" is derived from the Greek word physis (meaning “natureâ€) and physika (meaning “natural thingsâ€). It is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature, seeking to understand the behaviour of the universe from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest galaxi 15+ min read MechanicsRest and MotionRest and motion describe the state of objects in relation to their surroundings. Whether an object is at rest or in motion, these states can be analyzed and understood through the principles of physics. When an object changes its position with respect to a stationary object with the passage of time, 10 min read ForceForce is defined as an external cause that a body experiences as a result of interacting with another body. Whenever two objects interact, a force is exerted on each object. In general-term "To Push or Pull an Object" is defined as the force. The force is the interaction experience by the object be 11 min read What is Pressure?Have you ever thought about why a needle is so thin, why fence spikes are pointed, or why a hammer's head is flat? It’s all about pressure. Pressure is the force applied to a specific area. A needle’s sharp tip concentrates the force, allowing it to easily pierce fabric. If it were blunt, the force 7 min read FrictionFriction in Physics is defined as a type of force that always opposes the motion of the object on which it is applied. Suppose we kick a football and it rolls for some distance and eventually it stops after rolling for some time. This is because of the friction force between the ball and the ground. 8 min read Inertia MeaningInertia is the basic concept of physics that is explained using the concept of Mass. The inertial concept was first explained by Sir Isaac Newton and the Law of Inertia is explained as any object in a state of rest or in a state of motion always staying in its state of rest or motion until an extern 8 min read Newton's Laws of Motion | Formula, Examples and QuestionsNewton's Laws of Motion, formulated by the renowned English physicist Sir Isaac Newton, are fundamental principles that form the core of classical mechanics. These three laws explain how objects move and interact with forces, shaping our view of everything from everyday movement to the dynamics of c 9 min read Universal Law of GravitationUniversal Law of Gravitation or Newton's law of Universal Gravitation as the name suggests is given by Sir Isaac Newton. This law helps us to understand the motion of very large bodies in the universe. According to this law, an attractive force always acts between two bodies that have masses. The st 15 min read What is Gravity?There is a story about the discovery of gravity which says that Newton discovered gravity in the year 1665 when he was sitting under the apple tree, and suddenly an apple fell on his head, which led him to the question about falling objects. He questioned himself why all objects fall and also questi 12 min read Law of Conservation of EnergyLaw of Conservation of Energy is the most fundamental law of physics which states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed it can only change from one form of the energy to another form of the energy." It is the fundamental law of Physics that governs various processes in our environment 11 min read Free Body DiagramFree Body Diagram often called FBD is a way of representing all the forces acting on a body at a particular instant in a simpler form. It enables the calculation of the net force acting on the body and its direction of motion by making a symbolic diagram of all the forces acting on a body. In this a 10 min read Inclined PlaneInclined Plane is the most fundamental forms of mechanical devices used in physics. In order to get around physical obstacles and simplify tasks, inclined planes have been used for centuries in both ancient and recent construction projects. A flat surface that is angled with respect to the horizonta 10 min read Work DoneWork is said to be done when a force (push or pull) applied to an object causes a displacement of the object. In our daily life, we do work and get tired. Even if we are doing our work while sitting on a chair, we say we have done a lot of work and got tired. But this is not the work done as per the 12 min read Conservative Forces - Definition, Formula, ExamplesConservative Force is a type of force which is independent of path taken to do a work. This means when an when force applied in moving an object from one position to another is the same irrespective of the path taken, it is called conservative force. A force is a push or pull acting on an object. In 7 min read EnergyEnergy in Physics is defined as the capacity of a body to do work. It is the capacity to complete a work. Energy can be broadly categorized into two categories, Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy. The capacity of an object to do the work is called the Energy. In this article, we will learn about, E 10 min read Frame of ReferenceFrame of reference is a way to observe and measure objects' positions and movements. It acts like a coordinate system, helping us understand where things are and how they move. By using a frame of reference, we can describe motion accurately. It makes it clear if something is moving fast, slow, or a 6 min read KinematicsKinematics | Definition, Formula, Derivation, ProblemsKinematics is the study of motion of points, objects, and systems by examining their motion from a geometric perspective, without focusing on the forces that cause such movements or the physical characteristics of the objects involved. This study area uses algebra to create mathematical models that 10 min read What is Motion?Motion is defined as the change in the position of an object with respect to time i.e. when an object changes its position according to time it is said to be in the state of motion. Everything in the universe is in a state of continuous motion, for example, the moon revolves around the planets, the 12 min read Distance and DisplacementDistance and Displacement are two crucial terms of Mechanics that may seem the same but have different meanings and definitions. Distance is a measure of "How much path is covered by an object in motion?" While Displacement is the measure of "How much path is covered by the object in a particular di 7 min read Speed and VelocityMechanics can be termed as the branch of physics concerned with the concepts of energy and forces and their effect on bodies. It governs the relationships related to the motion of objects, that is, between matter, force, and its associated energy. It is responsible for the motion of bodies and the a 13 min read AccelerationAcceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. This implies that if an object’s velocity is increasing or decreasing, then the object is accelerating. Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a Vector quantity. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, acceleratio 9 min read What is Momentum Equation?What is Momentum in Physics?The concept of Momentum in physics is very important, without which most of the theories in physics will fail. The momentum can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the substance and its velocity. In physics, momentum is of different types and forms. Let's know more a 6 min read Equations of Motion: Derivations and ExamplesEquations of Motion was given by Sir Issac Newton; who is considered the father of mechanics. He was the first to give the fundamental physical laws that deal with objects and their motion. He formulated three equations of motion of an object and published them in his book Philosophiae Naturalis Pri 11 min read Uniform Circular MotionUniform Circular Motion as the name suggests, is the motion of a moving object with constant speed in a circular path. As we know, motion in a plane only has two coordinates, either x, and y, y and z, or z and x. Except for Projectile motion, circular motion is also an example of motion in a 2-D pla 9 min read Projectile MotionProjectile motion refers to the curved path an object follows when it is thrown or projected into the air and moves under the influence of gravity. In this motion, the object experiences two independent motions: horizontal motion (along the x-axis) and vertical motion (along the y-axis). Projectile 15+ min read Relative MotionRelative motion explains how the movement of an object is perceived differently depending on the observer’s frame of reference. For instance, while sitting on a moving train, a stationary train on the track appears to move backwards. This happens because the motion of the train you are in influences 10 min read Rotational MechanicsConcepts of Rotational MotionRotational motion refers to the movement of an object around a fixed axis. It is a complex concept that requires an understanding of several related concepts. Some of the important concepts related to rotational motion include angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, torque, the 10 min read Angular MotionAngular Motion is the motion of an object around a fixed axis or point, or along a curved path with a constant angular velocity. It is also known as rotational motion. Another motion of an object is termed linear motion, which is a motion along a straight route. Linear motion variables are measured 7 min read Angular FrequencyAngular frequency is a fundamental concept in physics, particularly in studying wave motion and oscillations. It measures the angular displacement of a particle per unit time. In this article, we will learn about the meaning and definition of angular frequency, the formula of angular frequency, the 10 min read Rotational Kinetic EnergyRotational Kinetic Energy is described as the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of an object around an axis. It is also known as angular kinetic energy. It is dependent on the mass of an object and its angular velocity. In this article, we will learn about rotational kinetic energy, its fo 7 min read TorqueTorque is the effect of force when it is applied to an object containing a pivot point or the axis of rotation (the point at which an object rotates), which results in the form of rotational motion of the object. The Force causes objects to accelerate in the linear direction in which the force is ap 10 min read Angular MomentumAngular Momentum is a kinematic characteristic of a system with one or more point masses. Angular momentum is sometimes called Rotational Momentum or Moment of Momentum, which is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity as it is conserved for a closed system 10 min read Centre of MassCentre of Mass is the point of anybody where all the mass of the body is concentrated. For the sake of convenience in Newtonian Physics, we take the body as the point object where all its mass is concentrated at the centre of mass of the body. The centre of mass of the body is a point that can be on 15 min read Centre of GravityCentre of Gravity is one of the fundamental concepts in the study of gravitational force. Engineers and Scientists while dealing with mechanics and gravity often come across solid bodies which can't be represented by point masses such as celestial objects. In those cases, it is assumed as well as pr 8 min read Radius of GyrationRadius of gyration, R, is a measure used in mechanics and engineering to describe the distribution of mass or inertia of an object relative to its axis of rotation. Radius of Gyration, or the radius of a body, is always centered on its rotational axis. It is a geometric characteristic of a rigid bod 11 min read Moment of InertiaMoment of inertia is the property of a body in rotational motion. Moment of Inertia is the property of the rotational bodies which tends to oppose the change in rotational motion of the body. It is similar to the inertia of any body in translational motion. Mathematically, the Moment of Inertia is g 15+ min read Fluid MechanicsMechanical Properties of FluidsFluids are substances that can flow and adapt to the shape of their container, including liquids and gases like water and air. Mechanical properties of fluids refer to viscosity, density, and pressure, which describe how fluids respond to external forces and influence their behavior in various situa 11 min read What is Viscosity?Viscosity is the measurement of the resistance of the flowing liquid. Let us learn more about viscosity with an example suppose we take two bowls, one bowl contains water and the other has honey in it, we drop the content of both bowls then we see that water flows much faster than honey which conclu 12 min read Buoyant ForceBuoyancy is a phenomenon due to the buoyant force that causes an object to float. When you put an object in a liquid, an upward force is exerted on the object by the liquid. This force is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced. The amount of liquid that has been displaced depends 13 min read Archimedes PrincipleArchimedes Principle is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, credited to the ancient Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes. According to Archimedes' Principle, when an object is immersed in a fluid the object experiences an upward force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid 12 min read Pascal's LawPascal's law establishes the relation between pressure and the height of static fluids. A static fluid is defined as a fluid that is not in motion. When the fluid is not flowing, it is said to be in hydrostatic equilibrium. For a fluid to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, the net force on the fluid mus 10 min read Reynolds NumberAs liquid runs into a channel, it collides with the pipe. Engineers ensure that the liquid flow through the city's pipes is as consistent as possible. As a result, a number known as the Reynolds number predicts whether the flow of the liquid will be smooth or turbulent. Sir George Stoke was the firs 6 min read Streamline FlowThe substance that can change its form under an external force is defined as fluid. Whenever an external force is applied to a fluid, it begins to flow. The study of fluids in motion is defined as fluid dynamics. Have you ever noticed a creek flowing beneath the bridge? When you see a streamline, wh 7 min read Laminar and Turbulent FlowLaminar flow and turbulent flow describe the movement patterns of fluids. Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, orderly layers of fluid sliding over one another without mixing, ideal for scenarios where minimal resistance is desired. Turbulent flow features chaotic, swirling patterns with irregul 9 min read Bernoulli's PrincipleBernoulli's Principle is a very important concept in Fluid Mechanics which is the study of fluids (like air and water) and their interaction with other fluids. Bernoulli's principle is also referred to as Bernoulli's Equation or Bernoulli Theorem. This principle was first stated by Daniel Bernoulli 15+ min read Poiseuilles Law FormulaAccording to Poiseuille's law, the flow of liquid varies depending on the length of the tube, the radius of the tube, the pressure gradient and the viscosity of the fluid. It is a physical law that calculates the pressure drop in an incompressible Newtonian fluid flowing in laminar flow through a lo 4 min read Stoke's LawStoke's Law: Observe a raindrop falling from a height if you look closely you will notice that the speed of all the raindrops is constant and even though it falls from a height under the influence of gravity its velocity seems constant. These questions are answered using Stoke's lawStoke's law was f 11 min read Solid MechanicsWhat is Stress?Stress in physics is defined as the force exerted on the unit area of a substance. Stress affects the body as strain in which the shape of the body changes if the stress is applied and sometimes it gets permanently deformed. On the basis of the direction of force applied to the body, we can categori 9 min read Stress and StrainStress and Strain are the two terms in Physics that describe the forces causing the deformation of objects. Deformation is known as the change of the shape of an object by applications of force. The object experiences it due to external forces; for example, the forces might be like squeezing, squash 12 min read Stress-Strain CurveStress-Strain Curve is a very crucial concept in the study of material science and engineering. It describes the relationship between stress and the strain applied on an object. We know that stress is the applied force on the material, and strain, is the resulting change (deformation or elongation) 11 min read Elasticity and PlasticityYou've undoubtedly heard of the idea of elasticity by now. In layman's words, it indicates that after being stretched, some substances return to their former form. You've experimented with a slingshot. Didn't you? That is an elastic substance. Let us go into the ideas of elasticity and plasticity to 9 min read Modulus of ElasticityModulus of Elasticity or Elastic Modulus is the measurement of resistance offered by a material against the deformation force acting on it. Modulus of Elasticity is also called Young's Modulus. It is given as the ratio of Stress to Strain. The unit of elastic modulus is megapascal or gigapascal Modu 12 min read Modulus of RigidityModulus of rigidity also known as shear modulus, is used to measure the rigidity of a given body. It is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain and is denoted by G or sometimes by S or μ. The modulus of rigidity of a material is directly proportional to its elastic modulus which depends on the mat 11 min read Young's ModulusYoung's Modulus is the ratio of stress and strain. It is named after the famous British physicist Thomas Young. Young's Modulus provides a relation between stress and strain in any object.  When a certain load is added to a rigid material, it deforms. When the weight is withdrawn from an elastic mat 12 min read Bulk Modulus FormulaFor every material, the bulk modulus is defined as the proportion of volumetric stress to volumetric strain. The bulk modulus, in simpler terms, is a numerical constant that is used to quantify and explain the elastic characteristics of a solid or fluid when pressure is applied. We'll go over the bu 4 min read Shear Modulus and Bulk ModulusA rigid body model is an idealised representation of an item that does not deform when subjected to external forces. It is extremely beneficial for evaluating mechanical systems—and many physical items are quite stiff. The degree to which an item may be regarded as stiff is determined by the physica 7 min read Poisson's RatioPoisson's Ratio is the negative ratio of transversal strain or lateral strain to the longitudinal strain of a material under stress. When a material particularly a rubber-like material undergoes stress the deformation is not limited to only one direction, rather it happens along both transversal and 9 min read Stress, Strain and Elastic Potential EnergyElasticity, this term always reminds of objects like Rubber bands, etc. However, if the question arises, which one is more elastic- A rubber or an Iron piece? The answer will be an Iron piece. Why? The answer lies in the definition of Elasticity, elasticity is known to be the ability of the object t 9 min read ThermodynamicsBasics Concepts of ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is concerned with the ideas of heat and temperature, as well as the exchange of heat and other forms of energy. The branch of science that is known as thermodynamics is related to the study of various kinds of energy and its interconversion. The behaviour of these quantities is govern 12 min read Zeroth Law of ThermodynamicsZeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that when two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with another third body than the two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Ralph H. Fowler developed this law in the 1930s, many years after the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics had a 7 min read First Law of ThermodynamicsFirst Law of Thermodynamics adaptation of the Law of Conservation of Energy differentiates between three types of energy transfer: Heat, Thermodynamic Work, and Energy associated with matter transfer. It also relates each type of energy transfer to a property of a body's Internal Energy. The First L 8 min read Second Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of Thermodynamics defines that heat cannot move from a reservoir of lower temperature to a reservoir of higher temperature in a cyclic process. The second law of thermodynamics deals with transferring heat naturally from a hotter body to a colder body. Second Law of Thermodynamics is one 10 min read Thermodynamic CyclesThermodynamic cycles are used to explain how heat engines, which convert heat into work, operate. A thermodynamic cycle is used to accomplish this. The application determines the kind of cycle that is employed in the engine. The thermodynamic cycle consists of a series of interrelated thermodynamic 15 min read Thermodynamic State Variables and Equation of StateThe branch of thermodynamics deals with the process of heat exchange by the gas or the temperature of the system of the gas. This branch also deals with the flow of heat from one part of the system to another part of the system. For systems that are present in the real world, there are some paramete 5 min read Enthalpy: Definition, Formula and ReactionsEnthalpy is the measurement of heat or energy in the thermodynamic system. It is the most fundamental concept in the branch of thermodynamics. It is denoted by the symbol H. In other words, we can say, Enthalpy is the total heat of the system. Let's know more about Enthalpy in detail below.Enthalpy 12 min read State FunctionsState Functions are the functions that are independent of the path of the function i.e. they are concerned about the final state and not how the state is achieved. State Functions are most used in thermodynamics. In this article, we will learn the definition of state function, what are the state fun 7 min read Carnot EngineA Carnot motor is a hypothetical motor that works on the Carnot cycle. Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot fostered the fundamental model for this motor in 1824. In this unmistakable article, you will find out about the Carnot cycle and Carnot Theorem exhaustively. The Carnot motor is a hypothetical thermod 5 min read Heat Engine - Definition, Working, PV Diagram, Efficiency, TypesHeat engines are devices that turn heat energy into motion or mechanical work. Heat engines are based on the principles of thermodynamics, specifically the conversion of heat into work according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. They are found everywhere, from our cars, power plants to 14 min read Wave and OscillationIntroduction to Waves - Definition, Types, PropertiesA wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities in physics, mathematics, and related subjects, commonly described by a wave equation. At least two field quantities in the wave medium are involved in physical waves. Periodic waves occur when variables o 11 min read Wave MotionWave Motion refers to the transfer of energy and momentum from one point to another in a medium without actually transporting matter between the two points. Wave motion is a kind of disturbance from place to place. Wave can travel in solid medium, liquid medium, gas medium, and in a vacuum. Sound wa 12 min read OscillationOscillations are defined as the process of repeating vibrations of any quantity about its equilibrium position. The word “oscillation†originates from the Latin verb, which means to swing. An object oscillates whenever a force pushes or pulls it back toward its central point after displacement. This 8 min read Oscillatory Motion FormulaOscillatory Motion is a form of motion in which an item travels over a spot repeatedly. The optimum situation can be attained in a total vacuum since there will be no air to halt the item in oscillatory motion friction. Let's look at a pendulum as shown below. The vibrating of strings and the moveme 3 min read Amplitude FormulaThe largest deviation of a variable from its mean value is referred to as amplitude. It is the largest displacement from a particle's mean location in to and fro motion around a mean position. Periodic pressure variations, periodic current or voltage variations, periodic variations in electric or ma 6 min read What is Frequency?Frequency is the rate at which the repetitive event that occurs over a specific period. Frequency shows the oscillations of waves, operation of electrical circuits and the recognition of sound. The frequency is the basic concept for different fields from physics and engineering to music and many mor 9 min read Amplitude, Time Period and Frequency of a VibrationSound is a form of energy generated by vibrating bodies. Its spread necessitates the use of a medium. As a result, sound cannot travel in a vacuum because there is no material to transfer sound waves. Sound vibration is the back and forth motion of an entity that causes the sound to be made. That is 5 min read Energy of a Wave FormulaWave energy, often referred to as the energy carried by waves, encompasses both the kinetic energy of their motion and the potential energy stored within their amplitude or frequency. This energy is not only essential for natural processes like ocean currents and seismic waves but also holds signifi 7 min read Simple Harmonic MotionSimple Harmonic Motion is a fundament concept in the study of motion, especially oscillatory motion; which helps us understand many physical phenomena around like how strings produce pleasing sounds in a musical instrument such as the sitar, guitar, violin, etc., and also, how vibrations in the memb 15+ min read Displacement in Simple Harmonic MotionThe Oscillatory Motion has a big part to play in the world of Physics. Oscillatory motions are said to be harmonic if the displacement of the oscillatory body can be expressed as a function of sine or cosine of an angle depending upon time. In Harmonic Oscillations, the limits of oscillations on eit 10 min read SoundProduction and Propagation of SoundHave you ever wonder how are we able to hear different sounds produced around us. How are these sounds produced? Or how a single instrument can produce a wide variety of sounds? Also, why do astronauts communicate in sign languages in outer space? A sound is a form of energy that helps in hearing to 6 min read What are the Characteristics of Sound Waves?Sound is nothing but the vibrations (a form of energy) that propagates in the form of waves through a certain medium. Different types of medium affect the properties of the wave differently. Does this mean that Sound will not travel if the medium does not exist? Correct. It will not, It is impossibl 7 min read Speed of SoundSpeed of Sound as the name suggests is the speed of the sound in any medium. We know that sound is a form of energy that is caused due to the vibration of the particles and sound travels in the form of waves. A wave is a vibratory disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another point wit 12 min read Reflection of SoundReflection of Sound is the phenomenon of striking of sound with a barrier and bouncing back in the same medium. It is the most common phenomenon observed by us in our daily life. Let's take an example, suppose we are sitting in an empty hall and talking to a person we hear an echo sound which is cre 9 min read Refraction of SoundA sound is a vibration that travels as a mechanical wave across a medium. It can spread via a solid, a liquid, or a gas as the medium. In solids, sound travels the quickest, comparatively more slowly in liquids, and the slowest in gases. A sound wave is a pattern of disturbance caused by energy trav 5 min read How do we hear?Sound is produced from a vibrating object or the organ in the form of vibrations which is called propagation of sound and these vibrations have to be recognized by the brain to interpret the meaning which is possible only in the presence of a multi-functioning organ that is the ear which plays a hug 7 min read Audible and Inaudible SoundsWe hear sound whenever we talk, listen to some music, or play any musical instrument, etc. But did you ever wondered what is that sound and how is it produced? Or why do we hear to our own voice when we shout in a big empty room loudly? What are the ranges of sound that we can hear? In this article, 10 min read Explain the Working and Application of SONARSound energy is the type of energy that allows our ears to sense something. When a body vibrates or moves in a ‘to-and-fro' motion, a sound is made. Sound needs a medium to flow through in order to propagate. This medium could be in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Sound propagates through a 8 min read Noise PollutionNoise pollution is the pollution caused by sound which results in various problems for Humans. A sound is a form of energy that enables us to hear. We hear the sound from the frequency range of 20 to 20000 Hertz (20kHz). Humans have a fixed range for which comfortably hear a sound if we are exposed 8 min read Doppler Effect - Definition, Formula, ExamplesDoppler Effect is an important phenomenon when it comes to waves. This phenomenon has applications in a lot of fields of science. From nature's physical process to planetary motion, this effect comes into play wherever there are waves and the objects are traveling with respect to the wave. In the re 7 min read Doppler Shift FormulaWhen it comes to sound propagation, the Doppler Shift is the shift in pitch of a source as it travels. The frequency seems to grow as the source approaches the listener and decreases as the origin fades away from the ear. When the source is going toward the listener, its velocity is positive; when i 3 min read ElectrostaticsElectrostaticsElectrostatics is the study of electric charges that are fixed. It includes an study of the forces that exist between charges as defined by Coulomb's Law. The following concepts are involved in electrostatics: Electric charge, electric field, and electrostatic force.Electrostatic forces are non cont 13 min read Electric ChargeElectric Charge is the basic property of a matter that causes the matter to experience a force when placed in a electromagnetic field. It is the amount of electric energy that is used for various purposes. Electric charges are categorized into two types, that are, Positive ChargeNegative ChargePosit 8 min read Coulomb's LawCoulomb’s Law is defined as a mathematical concept that defines the electric force between charged objects. Columb's Law states that the force between any two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charge but is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between t 9 min read Electric DipoleAn electric dipole is defined as a pair of equal and opposite electric charges that are separated, by a small distance. An example of an electric dipole includes two atoms separated by small distances. The magnitude of the electric dipole is obtained by taking the product of either of the charge and 11 min read Dipole MomentTwo small charges (equal and opposite in nature) when placed at small distances behave as a system and are called as Electric Dipole. Now, electric dipole movement is defined as the product of either charge with the distance between them. Electric dipole movement is helpful in determining the symmet 6 min read Electrostatic PotentialElectrostatic potential refers to the amount of electrical potential energy present at a specific point in space due to the presence of electric charges. It represents how much work would be done to move a unit of positive charge from infinity to that point without causing any acceleration. The unit 12 min read Electric Potential EnergyElectrical potential energy is the cumulative effect of the position and configuration of a charged object and its neighboring charges. The electric potential energy of a charged object governs its motion in the local electric field.Sometimes electrical potential energy is confused with electric pot 15+ min read Potential due to an Electric DipoleThe potential due to an electric dipole at a point in space is the electric potential energy per unit charge that a test charge would experience at that point due to the dipole. An electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit of positive charge from a reference point to a specific 7 min read Equipotential SurfacesWhen an external force acts to do work, moving a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets collected or stores as the potential energy of the body. When the external force is excluded, the body moves, gaining the kinetic energy and losing a 9 min read Capacitor and CapacitanceCapacitor and Capacitance are related to each other as capacitance is nothing but the ability to store the charge of the capacitor. Capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits that store electrical energy in the form of an electric charge. They are widely used in various applications, 11 min read Like