NumPy – Arithmetic Operations

Last Updated : 10 Oct, 2023

NumPy is an open-source Python library for performing array computing (matrix operations). It is a wrapper around the library implemented in C and used for performing several trigonometric, algebraic, and statistical operations. NumPy objects can be easily converted to other types of objects like the Pandas data frame and the tensorflow tensor. Python list can be used for array computing, but it is much slower than NumPy. NumPy achieves its fast implementation using vectorization. One of the important features of NumPy arrays is that a developer can perform the same mathematical operation on every element with a single command.

Let us understand arithmetic operations using NumPy.

Addition

Python3

import numpy as np
 
# Defining both the matrices
a = np.array([5, 72, 13, 100])
b = np.array([2, 5, 10, 30])
 
# Performing addition using arithmetic operator
add_ans = a+b
print(add_ans)
 
# Performing addition using numpy function
add_ans = np.add(a, b)
print(add_ans)
 
# this would work
c = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
add_ans = a+b+c
print(add_ans)
 
# but here NumPy only considers the first two arrays (a and b) and ignores the third one (c).
add_ans = np.add(a, b, c)
print(add_ans)

Output

[  7  77  23 130]
[  7  77  23 130]
[  8  79  26 134]
[  7  77  23 130]

As we can see that the matrixes are of the same shape, if they are different than, Numpy will try broadcasting if it is possible. The reader can see that the same operation (addition) can be done using arithmetic operation (+) as well as numpy function (np.add).

Subtraction

Python3

import numpy as np
 
# Defining both the matrices
a = np.array([5, 72, 13, 100])
b = np.array([2, 5, 10, 30])
 
# Performing subtraction using arithmetic operator
sub_ans = a-b
print(sub_ans)
 
# Performing subtraction using numpy function
sub_ans = np.subtract(a, b)
print(sub_ans)

Output

[ 3 67  3 70]
[ 3 67  3 70]

The user can also perform broadcasting with a matrix and a constant

Python3

import numpy as np
 
# Defining both the matrices
a = np.array([5, 72, 13, 100])
b = np.array([2, 5, 10, 30])
 
# Performing subtraction using arithmetic operator
sub_ans = a-b-1
print(sub_ans)
 
# Performing subtraction using numpy function
sub_ans = np.subtract(a, b, 1)
print(sub_ans)

Output

[ 2 66  2 69]
[ 2 66  2 69]

Multiplication

Python3

import numpy as np
 
# Defining both the matrices
a = np.array([5, 72, 13, 100])
b = np.array([2, 5, 10, 30])
 
# Performing multiplication using arithmetic operator
mul_ans = a*b
print(mul_ans)
 
# Performing multiplication using numpy function
mul_ans = np.multiply(a, b)
print(mul_ans)

Output

[  10  360  130 3000]
[  10  360  130 3000]

Division

Python3

import numpy as np
 
# Defining both the matrices
a = np.array([5, 72, 13, 100])
b = np.array([2, 5, 10, 30])
 
# Performing division using arithmetic operators
div_ans = a/b
print(div_ans)
 
# Performing division using numpy functions
div_ans = np.divide(a, b)
print(div_ans)

Output

[ 2.5        14.4         1.3         3.33333333]
[ 2.5        14.4         1.3         3.33333333]

There is a myriad number of other functions which in NumPy let us see some of them one by one.

mod() and power() function

Example

Python3

# Performing mod on two matrices
mod_ans = np.mod(a, b)
print(mod_ans)
 
#Performing remainder on two matrices
rem_ans=np.remainder(a,b)
print(rem_ans)
 
# Performing power of two matrices
pow_ans = np.power(a, b)
print(pow_ans)

Output

[ 1  2  3 10]
[ 1  2  3 10]
[                 25          1934917632        137858491849
 1152921504606846976]

Some aggregation and statistical functions

Example

Python3

# Getting mean of all numbers in 'a'
mean_a = np.mean(a)
print(mean_a)
 
# Getting average of all numbers in 'b'
mean_b = np.average(b)
print(mean_b)
 
# Getting sum of all numbers in 'a'
sum_a = np.sum(a)
print(sum_a)
 
# Getting variance of all number in 'b'
var_b = np.var(b)
print(var_b)

Output

Arithmetic Operators in LISP

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NumPy – Arithmetic Operations

Addition

Python3

Subtraction

Python3

Python3

Multiplication

Python3

Division

Python3

Python3

Python3

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