NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12 Biology
Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2025
CBSE Class 12th Biology NCERT Solutions 2023-24 is available here. These solutions will help students in their preparation for Class 12th CBSE Boards exams for the year 2023-2024. NCERT Solutions gives a detailed explanation of questions in the NCERT textbooks. By studying these solutions you will able to understand the logic behind the answers to questions.
Biology NCERT Solutions Class 12Biology is generally prepared by subject matter experts who have a deep understanding of each topic. This is a perfect guide that helps you to score good marks in your board examination. With the help of these solutions Class 12 Biology syllabus will become much easier to cover. The topics covered in the Class 12 NCERT Syllabus are important and carry significant weightage for competitive exams in India. NCERT Solutions also helps students to get a better understanding and develop a strong foundation for higher studies.
Overview of Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions
Detailed overview of NCERT solutions for class 12 biology is given below -
Class | NCERT Class 12th |
---|
Subject | Class 12th Biology |
---|
Academic Year | 2023-2024 |
---|
Number of Chapters | 16 |
---|
Medium | English |
---|
Content Type | Text, Images and Notes |
---|
Available Material | Chapter Wise |
---|
NCERT Solution for Biology Class 12 Chapter at a Glance
NCERT Solution for Class 12 Biology will help students prepare for their Class 12 CBSE Biology Exam2023-24. Here you will find a comprehensive solution for each chapter of the Class 12 Biology textbook published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). This solution has a detailed chapter-wise explanation of Biology which will help you thoroughly understand the concepts accordingly.
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
In this Chapter, you will explore and learn about sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions will guide you through the questions and solutions given in the textbook, which help students to understand the intricate process of reproduction in plants. These Solutions have been prepared by subject matter experts to excel in biology examinations.
Topics Covered in CBSE Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants:
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
Human Reproduction Class 12 Biology This chapter focuses on the reproduction processes of human beings. This covers topics such as male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, fertilization, and pregnancy. Students can refer to these solutions to prepare for their Class 12th CBSE Biology board examinations. Learning about Human reproduction will also enhance students to gain conceptual knowledge. Chapter 2 Biology NCERT is an important topic for the Class 12 syllabus as it explains the detailed concept of human reproduction to the students.
Topics covered in Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction:
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
This chapter focuses on various aspects of reproductive health, including the importance of reproductive rights, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and infertility. These NCERT Solutions provided for this chapter will deepen your understanding and knowledge of reproductive health issues and their important significance in maintaining overall well-being. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology enable students to learn and understand topics for a long period of time.
Topics covered in CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter3: Reproductive Health
- Importance of Reproductive Health
- Sexual Transmitted Disease and Its Prevention
- Birth Controls
- Methods to Control Pregnancy
- Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Chapter 4 delves into the principles of inheritance variation. It covers topics such as Mendelian genetics, inheritance patterns, genetic disorders, and the role of genes in determining traits. The NCERT Solutions have been made which aim to provide students with the best quality educational help available out there. Chapter 4 also helps you to learn more about the genetic variations that are passed on from parents to children on the basis of heredity.
Topics covered in Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 4 Principles of Inheritance and Variation:
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
NCERT Biology Class 12 Chapter 5 focuses on the molecular basis of inheritance which explores different topics such as DNA replication, gene expression, regulation of gene expression, and genetic code. The Solution of Chapter 5 Biology is prepared by an expert subject matter so that students are able to dive deep into topics. By understanding these topics students will be able to score well in their board examination and also it helps them for any competitive exams. The NCERT Solutions provide you to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern inheritance and gene expression.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 5 Molecular Basis of Variation:
Chapter 6: Evolution
Class 12 Biology NCERT chapter 6 includes topics such as the Origin of Life, Biology Evaluation, Hardy - Weinberg Principle, Adaptive Radiation, and so on. You will be able to get a proper detailed explanation of each and every topic that will help you to score well in your board examination and also any competitive exam for higher studies. There are a number of solutions present here which will aid you in comprehending the fundamental principles underlying inheritance and variation.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 6 Evolution:
Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases
This Chapter mainly focuses on different aspects of human health and diseases. Biology is a vast field that deals with life form and their processes understanding some concepts of each topic also helped in controlling infectious diseases in different ways. These NCERT Solutions provided for this chapter will deepen your understanding and knowledge of human health and diseases. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology enable students to learn and understand topics for a long period of time.
Topics covered in class 12 CBSE Chapter 7 Human Health and Diseases:
- Pathogens
- Parasites Causing Human Disease
- Control of Human Disease
- Basic Concepts of Immunology
- Active and Passive Immunity
- Vaccines
- Cancer
- Adolescence-Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
The NCERT Solution of Class 12 will aid you in comprehending the role of microbes in different types of beneficial applications. This Chapter covers topics such as microbial, antibiotics, and biocontrol agents. Chapter 8 of biology CBSE syllabus describes briefly Microbes in Human Welfare and how they are beneficial for us accordingly. Microbes generally are entities that are not seen by the naked eye. The feature of NCERT Solutions for class 12 Biology is that the solution area is accurate without any error and students get a thorough understanding of the crucial concepts using the NCERT Solutions.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 8 Microbes in Human Welfare:
- Microbes in Food Processing
- Microbes in Industrial Production
- Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- Microbes in Energy Generation
- Microbes as Biocontrol agents and Bio Fertilizer
- Antibiotics Production
Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Process
Chapter 9 Biotechnology Principles and Process generally focuses on Biotechnology. The NCERT Solution of Chapter 9 provides you with a deeper understanding of the principles and applications of biotechnology. You will be able to excel in your biology board examinations and other competitive examination. It covers topics such as DNA Technology, recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, and application of Biotechnology.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 9 Biotechnology Principle and Process:
- Recombinant DNA Technology
- Vectors
- Manufacturing of Antibiotics, Drugs, Vaccines
Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Application
Chapter 10 of Class 12 Biology syllabus explores the application of Biotechnology in various fields, Before going through this chapter you need to have a clear understanding of Chapter 9 which is about Biotechnology principles and processes. These solutions are generally prepared by subject matter experts who have a deep understanding of each topic. This is a perfect guide that helps you to score good marks in your board examination. NCERT Solutions also helps students to get a better understanding and develop a strong foundation for higher studies.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Application:
- Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture
- Human insulin and vaccine production
- Stem cell technology
- Gene therapy
- Genetically modified organisms
Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
Chapter 11 explores the intricate relationship between organisms and populations in ecosystems. Chapter 11 of Class 12 Biology covers topics such as biodiversity, ecological adaptions, population growth, interactions between species, and ecological succession. The NCERT Solutions which is available here will aid you in deeper concepts of the dynamics of organisms and populations in different ecosystems.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 11 Organisms and Population:
- Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism
- Population attributes growth, birth rate, and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter 12: Ecosystem
Ecosystem Chapter 12 delves into the concept of ecosystems and their other components. These subtopics include such as Energy Flow, nutrient cycling, ecological pyramid, and ecological services provided by the ecosystem. These NCERT Class 12 Solutions present here will help you to understand the functioning and importance of the Ecosystem and the required balance for their sustainability. These solutions are generally prepared by subject matter experts who have a deep understanding of each topic. This is a perfect guide that helps you to score good marks in your board examination. NCERT Solutions also helps students to get a better understanding and develop a strong foundation for higher studies.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 12 Ecosystem:
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conversation
In this Chapter, you will learn about Biodiversity and the significance of the need for its conversation. This Chapter includes biodiversity hotspots, threats to biodiversity, biodiversity hotspots, and the role of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. This NCERT solution has provided you with the necessary topics to enhance your understanding of the subject. Regular practice and learning can help you to score well in your board examination.
Topics covered in CBSE Chapter 13 Biodiversity and Conversation:
- Biodiversity – Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity
- Biodiversity conservation; hotspots
- Endangered organisms
- Extinction
- Red Data Book
- Sacred Groves
- Biosphere reserves
- National parks, wildlife, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites.
Conclusion - NCERT Class 12 Solution Biology
In Conclusion, NCERT solutions of class 12th biology for the year 2023-2024 are valuable resources for students of all classes which helps them to get a better understanding of the logic used to solve a question with a comprehensive knowledge of the subjects. It helps to build a strong foundation for further studies. NCERT Solutions forClass 12th Biology Chapter-Wise provides a comprehensive understanding of the material covered in their class.
Similar Reads
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus NCERT Class 12 Biology Syllabus: NCERT Class 12 Biology Syllabus covers important topics that provide students with a comprehensive understanding of living organisms, their structure, function, and behavior. These notes introduce fundamental concepts of biology including Sexual reproduction in Flowe
4 min read
CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes CBSE Class 12 Chapter-wise Notes Biology helps students to score well in their board examinations. Class 12 Biology is a subject that comes with a wide range of topics, which include inheritance, evolution, reproduction, human health and disease, biotechnology, Ecosystem, and Biodiversity and Conser
4 min read
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants
Parts of a Flower and Their FunctionsA flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperm that facilitates sexual reproduction. The 4 main parts of the flower include - sepals, petals, stamens (male parts of the flower), and carpels (female part of the flower). The different parts of the flower have their unique function. The primary f
9 min read
Pollen GrainsâPollen grains are minute structures of varying size and shape that contain the androecium, the male reproductive organ of a flower. Pollen grains are also called microgametophytes. The formation of pollen grains occurs through the process of microsporogenesis and consists of a protective outer laye
5 min read
The Structure and Functions of PistilIn flowering plants, sexual reproduction is a complex process that involves the mating of male and female gametes to create seeds for the following generation. The pistil, which is located in the centre of the flower, is the female reproductive structure in flowering plants. What is Pistil?A pistil
4 min read
PollinationPollination is the biological process by which pollen from the male part of the flower transfers to the female part of the same or on different flowers. Pollination results in fertilization and the production of seeds. Pollination is important for the reproduction of plants. Pollination can occur in
6 min read
Double Fertilization: Process & SignificanceDouble fertilization is a unique reproductive process that occurs in flowering plants (angiosperms). Unlike in most other organisms where a single sperm fertilizes an egg, in double fertilization, one male gamete fertilizes the egg cell to form the embryo, while another male gamete fuses with two po
8 min read
Post FertilizationPost-fertilization events are the processes that occur after the fusion of the male and female gametes during sexual reproduction. These post-fertilization events in flowering plants are crucial for the development of the zygote into a mature seed or fruit. Understanding post-fertilization events in
6 min read
Apomixis and Polyembryony: Differences, Types, SignificanceApomixis and polyembryony are two different but related biological processes that result in the production of offspring without fertilization. Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without gametic fusion. While polyembryony is a process in which multiple embryos are pro
5 min read
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
NCERT Notes on Human Reproduction Class 12 Chapter 2NCERT Notes of Class 12 Chapter 2 Human Reproduction: Human reproduction is the biological process by which a new individual offspring is produced from one or two parent organisms. The Human Reproduction process involves the fusion of gametes, which are specialized cells that carry genetic informati
15+ min read
Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis and OogenesisGametogenesis is a process of producing male and female gametes, carried out by all sexually reproducing organisms. The process involves various multiple stages of division and differentiation and is highly regulated under hormonal control. GametogenesisGametogenesis produces male and female gametes
4 min read
Menstrual CycleIn a day-to-day existence cycle, a lady's body is powerless against different changes. The pattern of these progressions happens in ladies consistently, emphatically for pregnancy is known as the feminine cycle. At the point when an ovum is unfertilized, the uterus lining sheds and prompts a dischar
9 min read
Fertilizations And ImplantationFertilization and implantation are the 2 important events in human reproduction, which is the biological process of producing new individuals from a union of male and female gametes. This complex process involves the fusion of gametes, the development of a zygote, and the growth and differentiation
5 min read
Embryo Development - Development Process of FetusBirth gives process to a child is known as reproduction. A species' survival depends on its ability to reproduce. There are two different ways to reproduce: Sexual reproduction is asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that occurs without the involvement of 2 parents. A
5 min read
Parturition And Lactation - Biology Notes Class 12Parturition And Lactation: Several intricate physiological processes, such as fertilisation, implantation, gestation, and delivery, are involved in human reproduction. The act of giving birth, often referred to as parturition, is a significant occasion that signals the conclusion of pregnancy and th
4 min read
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
Notes on NCERT for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Reproductive HealthNotes on NCERT for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Reproductive Health: Reproductive health simply means people in a society living with physically and functionally normal reproductive organs and normal behavioral and emotional responses toward sex-related matters. According to WHO âreproductive health m
10 min read
Population Stabilization And Birth Control - Class 12Population Stabilization And Birth Control: Reproductive Health means total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioral, and social. Counseling and raising awareness among people about reproductive organs, adolescence, and associated changes, safe and hygienic se
6 min read
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)Medical termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is an intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before its full term. Before the 1960s, surgical methods like vacuum aspiration or dilatation and curettage were common, but medication has since emerged as an alternative option. Medical Termination of Pr
5 min read
Chapter 4: Principles Of Inheritance And Variation
Principles of Inheritance and Variation CBSE Notes for Chapter 4Inheritance is the term given to the process by which characters are passed from parents to offspring which forms the basis of heredity. Heredity is the process of passing down genetic traits from parents to offspring. The degree of difference in characters between a parent and offspring is called v
15 min read
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance | Mendel's ExperimentsMendel's law of inheritance states that offspring inherited from their parents that results in similar characteristics of parents and offspring. This law of inheritance depends upon three other laws including the law of dominance, the law of segregation, law of independent assortment. Gregor Mendel
8 min read
Inheritance of One Gene NotesWe never wonder why Lion can give birth to Lions only, or why a bird can reproduce in the same species and no other species. Not everything is possible, Isn't it? Also, No human being look exactly identical, even with twins there are differences in every individual. Some siblings look similar while
6 min read
Chromosomal Theory of InheritanceThe essential idea behind the chromosomal theory of inheritance is that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization provides the basis for inheritance patterns. In the early 1900s, pioneering geneticists Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri form
6 min read
Linkage And Recombination - Principles Of Inheritance And Variation Class 12 NCERTCBSE Class 12- Principles Of Inheritance And Variation- Linkage And Recombination: Linkage and recombination are the phenomena that describe the inheritance of genes. Linkage and Recombination both are related to the genetic information inherited from parents to offspring. Linkage is the tendency of
6 min read
What is Polygenic Inheritance?Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance in which multiple genes control the phenotype of an organism. The phenotypes or traits can be height, skin color, the color of the eyes, etc. This type of inheritance is also known as quantitative inheritance or multifactorial inheritance. Such traits a
7 min read
MutationThe human body might be visualized as a simple organism. But it is the combination of different complex processes. From the outside, a human body might resemble a very simple one. A body that has two arms, two legs & one head for monitoring purposes. But from the inside of the body, there are ma
15+ min read
Chromosomal Disorders: Principles of Inheritance And Variation Class12CBSE Class-12 Principles Of Inheritance And Variation - Chromosomal Disorders: The chromosomes are thread-like structures that are mainly present in the nucleus which carries the hereditary information of genes that are passed from the parents to the offspring. Due to some irregularities of cell div
5 min read
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis Of Inheritance
Evolution Notes for Class 12 Chapter 6Evolutionary biology is the study of the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth. Earth came into existence sometime between 4 and 5 billion years ago. Life evolved on planet Earth about 3.5 billion years ago. Since then, approximately 15 million different species of orga
11 min read
Molecular Basis of Inheritance Notes Class 12CBSE Class 12 Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Inheritance is transmitted by certain molecules that Mendel termed as âfactorsâ, but their nature was discovered later with the development of various scientific techniques. The molecules which govern the inheritance are called genes and it is of two typ
15+ min read
DNA: Structure, Types, and FunctionsDNA structure is made of nucleotide base pairs (other than RNA). DNA is the hereditary material that is possessed by all the organisms found on the Earth except certain virus species. DNA functions involve the transfer of genetic information from generation to generation. The full form of DNA is Deo
11 min read
Packaging of DNA Helix: Histones & ImportanceDNA packaging refers to the process through which DNA molecules are tightly compacted into a smaller volume so that they can fit into the nucleus of a cell. DNA packaging is important because the length of DNA molecules is much greater than the size of the cell nucleus, and therefore, if the DNA wer
5 min read
Search For Genetic MaterialThe search for genetic material has been important in understanding inheritance and evolution. Scientists have explored various models and experiments to identify the substance responsible for transmitting hereditary traits. From Griffith's transformation experiments to Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's
5 min read
Difference Between DNA and RNAThe difference Between DNA and RNA lies in their structure, function, and location within cells, with DNA typically double-stranded, storing genetic information in the nucleus, while RNA is generally single-stranded, involved in protein synthesis, and present in various cellular compartments. DNA (D
6 min read
RNA - Definition, Structure, Types and FunctionsRNA is a ribonucleic acid that helps in the synthesis of proteins in our body. This nucleic acid is responsible for the production of new cells in the human body. It is usually obtained from the DNA molecule. RNA resembles the same that of DNA, the only difference being that it has a single strand u
11 min read
DNA ReplicationDNA replication is a fundamental biological process by which a cell duplicates its entire DNA. DNA is a self-replicating structure and the replication is catalyzed by enzymes. Through DNA Replication, genetic information is passed on from one generation of cells to the next during cell division. It
8 min read
The Experimental Proof Of DNA ReplicationThe process by which cells duplicate their genetic material during cell divisionâthe replication of DNAâwas still largely a mystery. This sparked a race to understand how DNA replication happens among several well-known experts. The experimental evidence of DNA replication, which showed that DNA rep
5 min read
Transcription of DNATranscription of DNA is a cellular process where the genetic information encoded in DNA is converted into RNA. It initiates with RNA polymerase binding to the DNA at a specific promoter region. Then, the enzyme unwinds the DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand by following the DNA template.
6 min read
Genetic Code - Molecular Basis of InheritanceCBSE Class12- Molecular Basis Of Inheritance- Genetic Code: The sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid which determines the amino acids sequence of proteins is known as Genetic code. DNA consists of information for protein sequences. RNA consists of four nucleotides: a
5 min read
Genetic Code and MutationsGenetic code and mutations are important to understand and explain the central dogma of biology. The set of rules governing how DNA sequences are translated into proteins is the genetic code. The four nucleotide bases adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), which are organized in pa
5 min read
tRNA - the Adapter MoleculetRNA is also known as transfer RNA is a subtype of RNA, tRNA help in the protein synthesis process. tRNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome, which is the molecular machine that assembles the protein, and ensures that the amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain in the correct or
5 min read
RNA TranslationThe Central Dogma, claims that once "information" has transferred into protein, it cannot be retrieved. In greater detail, information transmission from nucleic acid to the nucleic acid or nucleic acid to protein may be conceivable, but transfer from protein to protein or protein to nucleic acid is
15+ min read
Lac OperonLac operon consists of the genes that are required for the metabolism of lactose in a bacterium E. coli and some other enteric bacteria. The name Lac operon actually stands for lactose operon. Lac operon works only when the nutrient source lacks glucose and has only lactose as it takes more steps to
7 min read
Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project was the worldâs largest collaborative biological project that gave us the ability to examine the full genetic manual for creating a human being in nature. HGP was international scientific research that mainly aims to determine the base pairs that make human DNA, as well as the i
9 min read
What is DNA Fingerprinting?DNA Fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals by analyzing their unique DNA patterns. Studying the DNA Fingerprinting steps and process helps in understanding genetic relationships, solving crimes, and identifying individuals based on their unique DNA profiles. In this article, we w
10 min read
Chapter 6: Evolution
Origin of LifeThe origin of life on earth is one of the mysteries to mankind. According to a common man, life is gifted by god whereas scientists believe that life has originated from non-living matter by natural means. This mystery of whether life originated from non-living matter was solved by scientists Pirie.
4 min read
Evolution Of Life Forms â A TheoryEvolution is a process of gradual changes in the heritable characteristics of a biological population, over successive generations, over a long period. (Population: - It is a group of individuals of the same species who live in the same area and can interbreed) Theories of EvolutionTill now, several
5 min read
Understanding Adaptive Radiation: Evolutionary Diversification ExplainedAdaptive radiation is a phenomenon observed in evolutionary biology, that involves the rapid diversification of species into various forms to exploit new ecological niches. This process leads to the exposure of multiple species with distinct adaptations, enhancing their survival in diverse environme
4 min read
Hardy-Weinberg PrincipleA system of guidelines for genetic inheritance is known as mendelian inheritance. A monk by the name of Gregor Mendel made the initial discoveries of genetics in the 1850s, and his findings were first published in 1866. People have been aware of how qualities are passed on from parents to their offs
13 min read
Evolution Of Humans - History, Stages, Characteristics, FAQsHumans, or Homo sapiens, are a species of upright-walking beings known for their cultural diversity, inhabiting the Earth's surface. Believed to have originated in Africa around 315,000 years ago, human evolution is a complex process involving the development of traits such as bipedalism and languag
6 min read
Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease
NCERT Notes on Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 - Human Health and DiseaseNCERT Chapter 7 of Class 12 Notes on Human Health and Disease: According to the World Health Organisation, health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. Good health has many benefits like it helps to keep us
15+ min read
Common Diseases In HumansDisease: - A disease is a physiological condition in which the human body fights against the external or internal causes of infection. On the basis of externally caused diseases, various examples are present, ranging from bacteria, viruses, protozoans, helminths, and many more. Pathogen: - The patho
5 min read
Immunity - Definition, Types and VaccinationImmunity is a defense mechanism of the body that is provided by the immune system and helps in fighting disease-causing organisms. There are two immunity types: innate and acquired immunity. Immunity-enhancing foods help boost the body's immune system Vaccination also enhances immunity by exposing t
11 min read
Innate And Acquired ImmunityThe immune system fights against germs and foreign substances on the skin, in the body's tissues, and in bodily fluids such as blood. The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms conferred by the immune system is called Immunity. The immune system can be broadly categorized
5 min read
Importance of Vaccines, Vaccination and ImmunizationVaccination and immunization play a crucial role in protecting individuals and communities from infectious diseases. They help to stimulate the immune system and prepare it to recognize and fight off specific pathogens. Vaccination classes 6 and 12 are important topics frequently asked in examinatio
7 min read
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention ControlAs opposed to the normal thoughts pervasive in general society, substance use is very far-reaching. So is substance misuse. It's anything but a little issue, confined to the domain of the feeble and detestable. The utilization of medications rises above race, orientation, age, or financial status. T
10 min read
Chapter 8: Microbes In Human Welfare
Microbes in Human Welfare NotesCBSE Class 12 Chapter 8 Microbes in Huaman Welfare: Microbes are the smallest living organisms that can only be seen under the microscope. Microbes are found everywhere. Examples- are air, water, soil, inside and outside the bodies of plants and animals, thermal vents (1000 degree Celsius), under th
6 min read
Microbes In Human WelfareMicrobes are microscopic organisms, that can be classified under protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and microscopic plants viruses, viroid, and prions (proteinaceous infectious agents). They are present everywhereâ in soil, water, and air, inside our bodies, animals, and plants. Not only in life forms, but
6 min read
BiofertilizersBiofertilizers are biologically active substances that help in enriching the soil's fertility. Biofertilizers are microbes or microbial products. It helps to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers from the environment biofertilizers helps to protect the ecos
8 min read