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Find a permutation that causes worst case of Merge Sort
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Merge a linked list into another linked list at alternate positions

Last Updated : 13 Sep, 2024
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Given two singly linked lists, The task is to insert nodes of the second list into the first list at alternate positions of the first list and leave the remaining nodes of the second list if it is longer.

Example:

Input: head1: 1->2->3 , head2: 4->5->6->7->8
Output: head1: 1->4->2->5->3->6 , head2: 7->8

4_1


Input: head1: 10->12->21 , head2: 3->1->4
Output: head1: 10->3->12->1->21->4, head2: <empty>

2_3

Using Iterative Method – O(n) Time and O(1) Space:

The idea is to start traversing from the beginning of both lists. For each step, take a node from the second list and insert it after a node from the first list. This process continues until we reach the end of one or both lists. If the second list is longer, remaining nodes will be kept as it is second list.

C++
// C++ program to merge a linked list into another at // alternate positions  #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;  class Node{   public:     int data;     Node *next;     Node(int x) {         data = x;         next = nullptr;     } };  void printList(Node *head){     Node *curr = head;     while (curr != NULL){         cout << curr->data << " ";         curr = curr->next;     }     cout << endl; }  // Function to merge two linked lists vector<Node *> merge(Node *head1, Node *head2) {        // Initialize pointers to traverse the two lists     Node *curr1 = head1;     Node *curr2 = head2;      // Traverse both lists and merge them     while (curr1 != NULL && curr2 != NULL){                // Save the next nodes of the current        	// nodes in both lists         Node *ptr1 = curr1->next;         Node *ptr2 = curr2->next;          // Insert the current node from the second list         // after the current node from the first list         curr2->next = curr1->next;         curr1->next = curr2;          // Update the pointers for the next iteration         curr1 = ptr1;         curr2 = ptr2;     }      return {head1, curr2}; }  int main(){        // Creating first linked list 1->2->3     Node *head1 = new Node(1);     head1->next = new Node(2);     head1->next->next = new Node(3);      // crating second listed list 4->5->6->7->8     Node *head2 = new Node(4);     head2->next = new Node(5);     head2->next->next = new Node(6);     head2->next->next->next = new Node(7);     head2->next->next->next->next = new Node(8);      // Store first and second head points in array     vector<Node *> ar = merge(head1, head2);     printList(ar[0]);     printList(ar[1]);      return 0; } 
C
// C program to merge a linked list into another at // alternate positions #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>  struct Node {     int data;     struct Node *next; };   void printList(struct Node *head) {     struct Node *curr = head;     while (curr != NULL) {         printf("%d ", curr->data);         curr = curr->next;     }     printf("\n"); }  // Function to merge two linked lists struct Node *merge(struct Node *head1, struct Node *head2) {     struct Node *curr1 = head1;     struct Node *curr2 = head2;     struct Node *next1, *next2;      // Traverse both lists and merge them     while (curr1 != NULL && curr2 != NULL) {                // Save the next nodes of the current        	//  nodes in both lists         next1 = curr1->next;         next2 = curr2->next;          // Insert the current node from the second list       	// after the current node from the first list         curr2->next = curr1->next;         curr1->next = curr2;          // Update the pointers for the next iteration         curr1 = next1;         curr2 = next2;     }      // Return the remaining part of the second list     return curr2; }  struct Node *createNode(int data) {     struct Node *newNode =        (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));     newNode->data = data;     newNode->next = NULL;     return newNode; }  int main() {        // Creating the first linked list: 1->2->3     struct Node *head1 = createNode(1);     head1->next = createNode(2);     head1->next->next = createNode(3);      // Creating the second linked list: 4->5->6->7->8     struct Node *head2 = createNode(4);     head2->next = createNode(5);     head2->next->next = createNode(6);     head2->next->next->next = createNode(7);     head2->next->next->next->next = createNode(8);      struct Node *remaining = merge(head1, head2);      // Print merged list and remaining list     printList(head1);     printList(remaining);      return 0; } 
Java
// Java program to merge a linked list into another at // alternate positions  import java.util.*;  class Node {     int data;     Node next;      Node(int x) {         data = x;         next = null;     } }  class GfG {      // Function to print a linked list     static void printList(Node head) {         Node curr = head;         while (curr != null) {             System.out.print(curr.data + " ");             curr = curr.next;         }         System.out.println();     }      // Function to merge two linked lists     static List<Node> merge(Node head1, Node head2) {                // Initialize pointers to traverse the two lists         Node temp1 = head1;         Node temp2 = head2;          // Traverse both lists and merge them         while (temp1 != null && temp2 != null) {                        // Save the next nodes of the current nodes in             // both lists             Node ptr1 = temp1.next;             Node ptr2 = temp2.next;              // Insert the current node from the second list             // after the current node from the first list             temp2.next = temp1.next;             temp1.next = temp2;              // Update the pointers for the next iteration             temp1 = ptr1;             temp2 = ptr2;         }          return Arrays.asList(head1, temp2);     }      public static void main(String[] args) {          // Creating first linked list 1->2->3         Node head1 = new Node(1);         head1.next = new Node(2);         head1.next.next = new Node(3);          // Creating second linked list 4->5->6->7->8         Node head2 = new Node(4);         head2.next = new Node(5);         head2.next.next = new Node(6);         head2.next.next.next = new Node(7);         head2.next.next.next.next = new Node(8);          // Store first and second head points in array         List<Node> ar = merge(head1, head2);         printList(ar.get(0));         printList(ar.get(1));     } } 
Python
# Python program to merge a linked list into another at # alternate positions class Node:     def __init__(self, x):         self.data = x         self.next = None   def printList(head):     curr = head     while curr:         print(curr.data, end=" ")         curr = curr.next     print()  # Function to merge two linked lists def merge(head1, head2):        # Initialize pointers to traverse the two lists     temp1 = head1     temp2 = head2      # Traverse both lists and merge them     while temp1 is not None and temp2 is not None:                # Save the next nodes of the current         # nodes in both lists         ptr1 = temp1.next         ptr2 = temp2.next          # Insert the current node from the second list         # after the current node from the first list         temp2.next = temp1.next         temp1.next = temp2          # Update the pointers for the next iteration         temp1 = ptr1         temp2 = ptr2      return [head1, temp2]   if __name__ == "__main__":        # Creating first linked list 1->2->3     head1 = Node(1)     head1.next = Node(2)     head1.next.next = Node(3)      # Creating second linked list 4->5->6->7->8     head2 = Node(4)     head2.next = Node(5)     head2.next.next = Node(6)     head2.next.next.next = Node(7)     head2.next.next.next.next = Node(8)      # Store first and second head points in array     ar = merge(head1, head2)     printList(ar[0])     printList(ar[1]) 
C#
// C# program to merge a linked list into // another at alternate positions  using System; using System.Collections.Generic;  class Node {     public int data;     public Node next;      public Node(int x) {         data = x;         next = null;     } }  class GfG {      static void PrintList(Node head) {         Node curr = head;         while (curr != null) {             Console.Write(curr.data + " ");             curr = curr.next;         }         Console.WriteLine();     }      // Function to merge two linked lists     static List<Node> Merge(Node head1, Node head2) {                // Initialize pointers to traverse the two lists         Node temp1 = head1;         Node temp2 = head2;          // Traverse both lists and merge them         while (temp1 != null && temp2 != null) {                        // Save the next nodes of the current nodes in             // both lists             Node ptr1 = temp1.next;             Node ptr2 = temp2.next;              // Insert the current node from the second list             // after the current node from the first list             temp2.next = temp1.next;             temp1.next = temp2;              // Update the pointers for the next iteration             temp1 = ptr1;             temp2 = ptr2;         }          return new List<Node>{ head1, temp2 };     }      static void Main(string[] args) {                // Creating first linked list 1->2->3         Node head1 = new Node(1);         head1.next = new Node(2);         head1.next.next = new Node(3);          // Creating second linked list 4->5->6->7->8         Node head2 = new Node(4);         head2.next = new Node(5);         head2.next.next = new Node(6);         head2.next.next.next = new Node(7);         head2.next.next.next.next = new Node(8);          // Store first and second head points in array         List<Node> ar = Merge(head1, head2);         PrintList(ar[0]);         PrintList(ar[1]);     } } 
JavaScript
// Javascript program to merge a linked list // into another at alternate positions  class Node {     constructor(x) {         this.data = x;         this.next = null;     } }  function printList(head) {     let curr = head;     while (curr !== null) {         console.log(curr.data + " ");         curr = curr.next;     }     console.log(); }  // Function to merge two linked lists function merge(head1, head2) {      // Initialize pointers to traverse the two lists     let temp1 = head1;     let temp2 = head2;      // Traverse both lists and merge them     while (temp1 !== null && temp2 !== null) {              // Save the next nodes of the current nodes in both         // lists         let ptr1 = temp1.next;         let ptr2 = temp2.next;          // Insert the current node from the second list         // after the current node from the first list         temp2.next = temp1.next;         temp1.next = temp2;          // Update the pointers for the next iteration         temp1 = ptr1;         temp2 = ptr2;     }      return [ head1, temp2 ]; }  // Creating first linked list 1->2->3 let head1 = new Node(1); head1.next = new Node(2); head1.next.next = new Node(3);  // Creating second linked list 4->5->6->7->8 let head2 = new Node(4); head2.next = new Node(5); head2.next.next = new Node(6); head2.next.next.next = new Node(7); head2.next.next.next.next = new Node(8);  // Store first and second head points in array let ar = merge(head1, head2); printList(ar[0]); printList(ar[1]); 

Output
1 4 2 5 3 6  7 8  

Time Complexity: O(min(n1, n2)), where n1 and n2 represents the length of the given two linked lists.
Auxiliary Space: O(1).



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