Mathematics Tricks For Competitive Programming In Python 3

Last Updated : 13 Jun, 2022

Here are some of the exciting features that Python 3.8 provides for programmers in competitive programming. These new features are related to some math functions and algorithms that are frequently used by competitive programmers. The implementation of these features has the time complexity which is the same in case of a program when implemented from scratch.
We will discuss

Modular Exponentiation
Multiplicative Modulo Inverse
Calculating n_Cr and n_Pr

Modular Exponentiation

Given 3 numbers A, B and Mod.Calculate (A^B)%Mod.
Examples:

Input : A = 4, B = 3 Mod = 11  Output : 9  Explanation: (4³)%11 = (64)%11 = 9  Input : A = 3, B = 3 Mod = 5  Output : 2 Explanation: (3³)%5 = (27)%5 = 2

The traditional Implementation of Modular Exponentiation is discussed here
Below is the discussed Python3.8 solution

Python

   A = 4
B = 3
Mod = 11
 
# Power function can take 3 
# parameters and can compute 
# (A ^ B)% Mod
print('The power is {}'.format(pow(A, B, Mod))) 
 
  

Output:

The power is 9

Modular Multiplicative Inverse

Given two integers A and Mod, Calculate Modular multiplicative inverse of A under modulo Mod.
The modular multiplicative inverse is an integer B such that

(A.B)%Mod = 1 where gcd(A, Mod) should be equal to 1

Examples:

Input : A = 4, Mod = 11   Output : 3  Explanation: (4*3)%11 = (12)%11 = 1  Input : A = 3, Mod = 5  Output : 2 Explanation: (3*2)%5 = (6)%5 = 1

The traditional Implementation of Modular Multiplicative Inverse is discussed here
Below is the discussed Python3.8 solution

Python

   A = 4
Mod = 11
 
# Power function can take 3 parameters 
# and can compute (A^-1)% Mod
print(f'The Modular Multiplicative Inverse \
of A under Mod is {pow(A, -1, Mod)}') 
 
  

Output:

The Modular Multiplicative Inverse of A under Mod is 3

Calculating Ncr and Npr

Given the value of N and r. Calculate the Ncr (Combinations of N things taken r at a time) and Npr(Permutations of N things taken r at a time).
Examples:

Input : N = 10, r = 3   Output : Ncr = 120  Input : N = 10, r = 3   Output : Npr = 720

The traditional implementations of Ncr and Npr are discussed here and here
Below is the discussed Python3.8 solution.

Python

   import math
N = 10
r = 3
 
print(f"Ncr = {math.comb(N, r)}")
print(f"Npr = {math.perm(N, r)}")
 
  

Output:

Ncr = 120 Npr = 720

Getting Started with Competitive Programming in Python

Harish Vemula

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Mathematics Tricks For Competitive Programming In Python 3

Modular Exponentiation

Python

Modular Multiplicative Inverse

Python

Calculating Ncr and Npr

Python

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