Knowing your IP address is fundamental for network administration, troubleshooting, and various Linux system tasks. In this article, we will explore several methods to find your IP address in a Linux environment. Whether you are a seasoned Linux user or just getting started, understanding these methods will empower you to navigate and manage your network effectively.
Why is this important?
- Network Configuration:
ifconfig allows users to configure network interfaces, including setting IP addresses, netmasks, and broadcast addresses. - Network Troubleshooting: It provides detailed information about network interfaces, which is essential for diagnosing connectivity issues, monitoring network traffic, and checking interface statuses.
- Interface Management: Users can enable or disable network interfaces, which is crucial for managing network connections and controlling which interfaces are active.
- MAC Address Modification:
ifconfig enables users to change the MAC address of a network interface, which can be useful for security purposes or bypassing network restrictions. - Temporary Network Changes: It allows for temporary network configuration changes without editing configuration files, useful for testing and troubleshooting.
How to Find Your IP Address in Linux Using `ifconfig Command
ifconfig (interface configuration) command is used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at the boot time to set up the interfaces as necessary. After that, it is usually used when needed during debugging or when you need system tuning.
Also, this command is used to assign the IP address and netmask to an interface or to enable or disable a given interface.
Syntax of `ifconfig`Command in Linux
ifconfig [interface] [options]
Where:
[interface] is the network interface you want to configure or display information for (e.g., eth0, wlan0).[options] are various command-line options that can be used to modify the behavior of ifconfig.
Newer versions of some Linux distributions don’t have ifconfig command pre-installed. So, in case, there is an error “ifconfig: command not found”, Then execute the following command to install ifconfig.
Installing net-tools in Linux
For Debian, Ubuntu, and related Linux distributions.
sudo apt-get install net-tools
For CentOS or RPM(RedHat Package Manager) based Linux
yum install net-tools
or
dnf install net-tools
This will install `ifconfig` along with some other networking commands like arp, route, ipmaddr.
Finding Your Ip Address in Linux Using `ifconfig` Command
To view information about all network interfaces on your Linux system, simply execute the following command:
ifconfig
Finding IP Address in Linux Using `ifconfig`
This command will provide a comprehensive list of all network interfaces along with their respective IP addresses, MAC addresses, and other relevant details.
Options available in `ifconfig` Command in Linux
Here are the most commonly used option in ifconfig command in linux
| Option | Description | Syntax |
| -a | Display all interfaces, including those that are down | ifconfig -a |
| -s | Display a short list, instead of details | ifconfig -s |
| -v | Run the command in verbose mode | ifconfig -v |
| up | Activate the driver for the given interface | ifconfig interface up |
| down | Deactivate the driver for the given interface | ifconfig interface down |
| add addr/prefixlen | Add an IPv6 address to an interface | ifconfig interface add addr/prefixlen |
| del addr/prefixlen | Remove an IPv6 address from an interface | ifconfig interface del addr/prefixlen |
| [-]arp | Enable/disable the use of ARP protocol on an interface | ifconfig interface [-]arp |
| [-]promisc | Enable/disable promiscuous mode on an interface | ifconfig interface [-]promisc |
| [-]allmulti | Enable/disable all-multicast mode for an interface | ifconfig interface [-]allmulti |
| mtu N | Set the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) | ifconfig interface mtusize size |
| –help | Display help related to the ifconfig command | ifconfig –help |
What is Public and Private IP in Linux
In the realm of networking, both in Linux and other operating systems, IP addresses are categorized as either public or private. These designations are crucial for facilitating communication between devices on a network, whether it’s the global internet or a local intranet. Let’s delve into the distinctions between public and private IP addresses in Linux.
1) How to Find Your Public IP Addresses in Linux
A public IP address is a globally unique identifier assigned to a device on the internet. It serves as the address by which other devices on the internet can find and communicate with it. Public IP addresses are assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other organizations that control access to the global internet.
In Linux, you can determine the public IP address of a system by using external services or commands like curl or wget to query a web service. For example:
curl ifconfig.me
This command retrieves your public IP address from a web service.
Public IP addresses are essential for servers, websites, and other devices that need to be directly accessible from the internet. They are globally routable, meaning they can be reached from any location on the internet.
Different Ways to Find Your Public IP Address in Linux
1) Using `wget` with `ifconfig.me` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
Similar to curl, this uses the ifconfig.me service to fetch your public IP address.
wget -qO- ifconfig.me
Using `wget` with `ifconfig.me` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
2) Using `dig` with `resolver1.opendns.com` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This command uses the OpenDNS resolver to query your public IP address.
dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
Using `dig` with `resolver1.opendns.com` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
3) Using `curl` with `icanhazip.com`to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This command queries the icanhazip.com service to obtain your public IP address.
curl icanhazip.com
Using `curl` with `icanhazip.com`to Find Your IP Address in Linux
4) Using `wget` with `icanhazip.com` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
Similar to the curl command, this uses the icanhazip.com service to fetch your public IP address.
wget -qO- icanhazip.com
Using `wget` with `icanhazip.com` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
5) Using host with dns.google to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This command utilizes the DNS service provided by Google to resolve your public IP address.
host myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com
Using host with dns.google to Find Your IP Address in Linux
2) How to Find Your Private IP Addresses in Linux:
Contrastingly, private IP addresses are used within a private network and are not directly accessible from the internet. These addresses are defined in reserved address ranges specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 1918. The commonly used private IP address ranges are:
- 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)
- 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12)
- 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16)
These addresses are intended for use in local networks, such as home or corporate intranets. Devices within the same private network can communicate with each other using these private IP addresses, but they rely on a mechanism called Network Address Translation (NAT) to access the internet through a shared public IP address.
In Linux, you can view the private IP addresses of your system using the ifconfig or ip addr commands. For example:
ifconfig
or
ip addr
Different Ways to Find Your Private IP Address in Linux
1) Using `hostname` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
The -I option with the hostname command can be used to display the private IP address of your machine.
hostname -I
Using hostname to Find Your IP Address in Linux
2) Using `nmcli` (NetworkManager command-line tool) to Find Your IP Address in Linux
If you’re using NetworkManager, this command filters out IPv4 addresses associated with your network interfaces.
nmcli dev show | grep IP4.ADDRESS
Using nmcli to Find Your IP Address in Linux
3) Using `awk` with `ifconfig` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This command uses the awk tool to filter and print only the private IP addresses from the ifconfig output.
ifconfig | awk '/inet / {print $2}' 
Using `awk` with `ifconfig` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
4) Using `grep` with `ip` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This command uses grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions to extract private IP addresses from the ip command output.
ip addr show | grep -oP 'inet \K[\d.]+'
Using `grep` with `ip` to Find Your IP Address in Linux
5) Using `ss` (socket statistics) command to Find Your IP Address in Linux
This complex command lists the IP addresses to which the system is listening for incoming connections.
ss -tunapl | grep LISTEN | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u 
Using `ss` (socket statistics) command to Find Your IP Address in Linux
Linux ifconfig Command Examples
Display Specific Network Interface
This command shows detailed information about the specified interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0
Enable a Network Interface
This command activates the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 up
Disable a Network Interface
This command deactivates the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 down
Assign an IP Address
This command assigns the IP address 192.168.1.10 to the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10
Set a Netmask
This command sets the netmask for the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
Set a Broadcast Address
This command sets the broadcast address for the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
Change the MAC Address
This command changes the MAC address of the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:1a:2b:3c:4d:5e
Add an Alias to a Network Interface
This command adds an alias with IP address 192.168.1.20 to the specified network interface, eth0.
ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.20
Remove an Alias from a Network Interface
This command removes the alias eth0:0 from the specified network interface.
ifconfig eth0:0 down
ifconfig Gateway
To set a gateway using the ifconfig command, you typically need to use route because ifconfig itself does not configure gateways. Here’s how to do it in a simple way:
Set IP Address and Netmask (if needed):
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
Set Default Gateway:
route add default gw 192.168.1.1
Here, 192.168.1.1 is the IP address of the gateway.
Conclusion
In this article, we’ve explored how to find your IP address in Linux using the ifconfig command. We also discuss what is private and public IP address and how to display both of the IP Address .This essential skill is crucial for effective network management. Whether you’re a seasoned Linux user or a beginner, understanding these simple commands empowers you to navigate and control your network effortlessly.
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The 'hexdump' command in Linux is a versatile utility used to display file content or data from standard input in a human-readable format. It is invaluable for programmers and system administrators for debugging binary data, analyzing file structures, and verifying data integrity. Here we will get a
6 min read
wc command in Linux with examples
wc stands for word count. As the name implies, it is mainly used for counting purpose. It is used to find out number of lines, word count, byte and characters count in the files specified in the file arguments.By default it displays four-columnar output.First column shows number of lines present in
6 min read
tee command in Linux with examples
tee command reads the standard input and writes it to both the standard output and one or more files. The command is named after the T-splitter used in plumbing. It basically breaks the output of a program so that it can be both displayed and saved in a file. It does both the tasks simultaneously, c
2 min read
script command in Linux with Examples
The 'script' command in Linux is a versatile tool that allows you to record all terminal activities, including inputs and outputs, making it a valuable resource for developers, system administrators, educators, and anyone who needs to document terminal sessions. This command captures everything disp
6 min read
How To Generate SSH Key With ssh-keygen In Linux?
Secure Shell(SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol used for operating remote services securely. It is used for remote operation of devices on secure channels using a client-server architecture that generally operates on Port 22. SSH is the successor of Telnet. SSH uses public and private keys to
4 min read
Process Management and Control
'crontab' in Linux with Examples
If you do manually backups , update logs, or restart services on your Linux machine? Imagine that running repetitive tasks overnight so your machine works for you while you rest. Here crontab, the native job scheduler in Linux, which enables users to easily automate commands, scripts, and system tas
9 min read
at Command in Linux with Examples
In the world of Linux operating systems, there exists a powerful tool known as the "at command." The 'at' command provides users with the ability to schedule tasks to be executed at a later time, offering a convenient way to automate processes without manual intervention. Whether you need to run a s
9 min read
nohup Command in Linux with Examples
Every command in Linux starts a process at the time of its execution, which automatically gets terminated upon exiting the terminal. Suppose, you are executing programs over SSH and if the connection drops, the session will be terminated, all the executed processes will stop, and you may face a huge
5 min read
bg command in Linux with Examples
In Linux, the bg command is a useful tool that allows you to manage and move processes between the foreground and background. It's especially helpful when you want to multitask in the terminal by placing a process in the background, enabling you to continue using the terminal for other commands whil
3 min read
fg command in Linux with examples
The fg command in Linux is used to bring a background job into the foreground. It allows you to resume a suspended job or a background process directly in the terminal window, so you can interact with it. Syntaxfg [job_spec]The job_spec is a way to refer to the background jobs that are currently run
3 min read
Process Control Commands in Unix/Linux
Process control commands in Unix are: bg - put suspended process into background fg - bring process into foreground jobs - list processes bg Command : bg is a process control command that resumes suspended process while keeping them running in the background. User can run a job in the background by
3 min read
Shell Script to Demonstrate Wait Command in Linux
Wait command is one of the process management commands. There are different process commands in Linux mainly 5 commands are widely used which are ps, wait, sleep, kill, exit. ps is an acronym for process status. It displays information about the active processes. wait command will suspend execution
4 min read