HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating and structuring web pages.
- It defines the structure of a webpage using elements and tags.
- HTML is responsible for displaying text, images, and other content.
- It serves as the foundation for building websites and web applications.
In this guide, we learn the basics of HTML, which includes HTML tags ( <h1>, <p>, <img>, etc), attributes, elements, and document structure,e which collectively form a working web page.
Basic HTML Document
Every HTML document begins with a document type declaration, setting the foundation for the webpage. This section introduces basic HTML tags that structure the page, such as <head>, <body>, and <title>. Although this is not mandatory, it is a good convention to start the document with the below-mentioned tag.
Below mentioned are the basic HTML tags that divide the whole page into various parts like head, body, etc.
Basic HTML Tags for Document Structure |
|---|
| Tags | Descriptions |
|---|
| <html> | Encloses the entire HTML document, serving as the root element for all HTML content. |
| <head> | Contains header information about the webpage, including title, meta tags, and linked stylesheets. It is part of the document’s structure but is not displayed on the webpage. |
| <title> | Used within the <head> section to define the title of the HTML document. It appears in the browser tab or window and provides a brief description of the webpage’s content. |
| <body> | Encloses the visible content of the webpage, such as text, images, audio, videos, and links. All elements within this tag are displayed on the actual webpage when viewed in a browser. |
HTML <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>HTML</title> </head> <body> <!--Contents of the webpage--> <p>GeeksforGeeks is a online study platform</p> </body> </html>
In this Example:
- This HTML document defines a basic webpage with a responsive design using <meta> tags, ensuring it adjusts well to different devices.
- The content includes a paragraph <p> displaying “GeeksforGeeks is an online study platform,” and the title “HTML” appears in the browser tab.
HTML Basic Structure
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HTML Structure
HTML Headings
The HTML heading tags are used to create headings for the content of a webpage. These tags are typically placed inside the body tag. HTML offers six heading tags, from <h1> to <h6>, each displaying the heading in a different font size.
Syntax:
<h1></h1>
<h2></h2>
<h3></h3>
<h4></h4>
<h5></h5>
<h6></h6>
HTML <html> <body> <h1>Heading 1 (h1)</h1> <h2>Heading 2 (h2)</h2> <h3>Heading 3 (h3)</h3> <h4>Heading 4 (h4)</h4> <h5>Heading 5 (h5)</h5> <h6>Heading 6 (h6)</h6> </body> </html>
In this Example:
- This code displays six headings (<h1> to <h6>) on the webpage, with <h1> being the largest and most prominent and <h6> being the smallest.
- The headings are used to define text hierarchy and emphasize content based on importance.
HTML Paragraph and Break Elements
HTML <p> tags are used to write paragraph statements on a webpage. They start with the <p> tag and end with </p>. The HTML <br> tag is used to insert a single line break and does not require a closing tag. In HTML, the break tag is written as <br>.
Syntax:
// for Parapgraph
<p> Content... </p>
// for Break
<br>
HTML <html> <body> <p> HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.<br> It is used to design web pages using a markup language.<br>HTML is a combination of Hypertext and Markup language.<br>Hypertext defines the link between web pages.<br>A markup language is used to define the text document within the tag which defines the structure of web pages. </p> </body> </html>
In this Example:
- This HTML code uses a <p> tag to display a paragraph of text, providing an overview of what HTML is and its purpose.
- The <br> tags are used to insert line breaks, making the text more readable by separating each sentence onto a new line within the paragraph.
HTML Horizontal Line
The HTML <hr> tag is used to divide a page into sections by creating a horizontal line that spans from the left to the right side of the page. This is an empty tag and does not require a closing tag or any additional attributes.
Syntax:
<hr>
HTML <html> <body> <p> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> </p> <hr> <p> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> </p> <hr> <p> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> A Computer Science portal for geeks<br> </p> <hr> </body> </html>
In this Example:
- <h1> to <h6> tags are used to define headings, with <h1> being the largest and <h6> the smallest.
- Each tag displays “Hello World!” in decreasing font sizes, illustrating the hierarchy of headings in HTML.
HTML Images
The <img> tag is used to insert an image into a webpage. The source of the image is specified within the src attribute, like this: <img src=”source_of_image”>.
Syntax:
<img src="geeks.png">
HTML <html> <body> <img src= "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/Geek_logi_-low_res.png"> </body> </html>
- This HTML code uses the <img> tag to display an image on a webpage.
- The src attribute specifies the URL of the image, which is loaded and displayed when the page is rendered in the browser.
View HTML Source Code
While checking a web page, you might want to see the HTML code behind it. Here we will see how you can view HTML source code for the entire page or a specific element.
1. View HTML Source Code of Entire Page
- To view the source code of a webpage press ctrl + u on the page, or right-click on the page and select the “view page source” option.
- This will open a new tab that shows the HTML source code for that entire page.
2. Inspect an HTML Element on a Page
- To check the HTML code for a specific element on a page, right-click on the page and select the “Inspect” option.
- This lets you see the HTML and CSS behind that element. You can also try making changes and see the changes.
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