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Convert Hex String to Bytes in Python

How to Convert Int to Bytes in Python?

Last Updated : 24 Feb, 2025

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The task of converting an integer to bytes in Python involves representing a numerical value in its binary form for storage, transmission, or processing. For example, the integer 5 can be converted into bytes, resulting in a binary representation like b’\x00\x05′ or b’\x05′, depending on the chosen format.

Using int.to_bytes()

.to_bytes() method is the most direct way to convert an integer to bytes. It allows specifying the byte length and byte order (big for big-endian, little for little-endian).

Python

a = 5 res = a.to_bytes(2, 'big') # length: 2 bytes, byte order: Big-endian print(res)

Output

b'\x00\x05'

Explanation: Here, 2 ensures a fixed 2-byte representation, adding a leading zero-byte (\x00) for padding. ‘big’ specifies big-endian order, storing the most significant byte first.

Table of Content

Using struct.pack()
Using bytes()
Using bytes.fromhex()

Using struct.pack()

struct.pack() function is used for packing integers into bytes using format specifiers. The “>H” format specifies a big-endian 2-byte unsigned short, ensuring a structured binary representation.

Python

import struct a = 5 res = struct.pack(">H", a) # '>H' -> big-endian Unsigned Short (2 bytes) print(res)

Output

b'\x00\x05'

Explanation: Here, H represents an unsigned short (2 bytes) and > ensures big-endian order, storing the most significant byte first. Since 5 is smaller than 256, a leading zero-byte (\x00) is added for proper 2-byte representation.

Using bytes()

bytes() function can be used to create a single-byte representation of an integer. This method works only for values between 0 and 255 because a single byte can store values in this range.

Python

a = 5 res = bytes([a]) # converts single integer to a 1-byte representation print(res)

Output

b'\x05'

Explanation:bytes([a]) converts 5 into a 1-byte object since it falls within the 0-255 range, meaning no padding is needed.

Using bytes.fromhex()

This method first converts an integer to a hex string, ensuring it is properly padded and then converts it into a bytes object. It is useful when dealing with hex-based data representation.

Python

a = 5 res = bytes.fromhex(hex(a)[2:].zfill(2)) # ensures 2-digit hex representation print(res)

Output

b'\x05'

Explanation: hex(a)[2:] removes the 0x prefix, .zfill(2) ensures a 2-digit hex format and bytes.fromhex() converts it into a byte object (b’\x05′) .

Convert Hex String to Bytes in Python

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