In hashing there is a hash function that maps keys to some values. But these hashing function may lead to collision that is two or more keys are mapped to same value. Chain hashing avoids collision. The idea is to make each cell of hash table point to a linked list of records that have same hash function value.
Let's create a hash function, such that our hash table has 'N' number of buckets.
To insert a node into the hash table, we need to find the hash index for the given key. And it could be calculated using the hash function.
Example: hashIndex = key % noOfBuckets
Insert: Move to the bucket corresponds to the above calculated hash index and insert the new node at the end of the list.
Delete: To delete a node from hash table, calculate the hash index for the key, move to the bucket corresponds to the calculated hash index, search the list in the current bucket to find and remove the node with the given key (if found).
Please refer Hashing | Set 2 (Separate Chaining) for details.
Methods to implement Hashing in Java
- With help of HashTable (A synchronized implementation of hashing)
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of HashTable import java.util.*; class GFG { public static void main(String args[]) { // Create a HashTable to store // String values corresponding to integer keys Hashtable<Integer, String> hm = new Hashtable<Integer, String>(); // Input the values hm.put(1, "Geeks"); hm.put(12, "forGeeks"); hm.put(15, "A computer"); hm.put(3, "Portal"); // Printing the Hashtable System.out.println(hm); } } Output{15=A computer, 3=Portal, 12=forGeeks, 1=Geeks} - With the help of HashMap (A non-synchronized faster implementation of hashing)
Java // Java program to create HashMap from an array // by taking the elements as Keys and // the frequencies as the Values import java.util.*; class GFG { // Function to create HashMap from array static void createHashMap(int arr[]) { // Creates an empty HashMap HashMap<Integer, Integer> hmap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); // Traverse through the given array for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { // Get if the element is present Integer c = hmap.get(arr[i]); // If this is first occurrence of element // Insert the element if (hmap.get(arr[i]) == null) { hmap.put(arr[i], 1); } // If elements already exists in hash map // Increment the count of element by 1 else { hmap.put(arr[i], ++c); } } // Print HashMap System.out.println(hmap); } // Driver method to test above method public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 10, 34, 5, 10, 3, 5, 10 }; createHashMap(arr); } } Output{34=1, 3=1, 5=2, 10=3} - With the help of LinkedHashMap (Similar to HashMap, but keeps order of elements)
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of LinkedHashMap import java.util.*; public class BasicLinkedHashMap { public static void main(String a[]) { LinkedHashMap<String, String> lhm = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); lhm.put("one", "practice.geeksforgeeks.org"); lhm.put("two", "code.geeksforgeeks.org"); lhm.put("four", "www.geeksforgeeks.org"); // It prints the elements in same order // as they were inserted System.out.println(lhm); System.out.println("Getting value for key 'one': " + lhm.get("one")); System.out.println("Size of the map: " + lhm.size()); System.out.println("Is map empty? " + lhm.isEmpty()); System.out.println("Contains key 'two'? "+ lhm.containsKey("two")); System.out.println("Contains value 'practice.geeks" +"forgeeks.org'? "+ lhm.containsValue("practice"+ ".geeksforgeeks.org")); System.out.println("delete element 'one': " + lhm.remove("one")); System.out.println(lhm); } } Output{one=practice.geeksforgeeks.org, two=code.geeksforgeeks.org, four=www.geeksforgeeks.org} Getting value for key 'one': practice.geeksforgeeks.org Size of the map: 3 Is map empty? false Contains key 'two'? true Contains value 'practice.geeksforgeeks.org'? true delete element 'one': practice.geeksforgeeks.org {two=code.geeksforgeeks.org, four=www.geeksforgeeks.org} - With the help of ConcurretHashMap(Similar to Hashtable, Synchronized, but faster as multiple locks are used)
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of ConcurrentHashMap import java.util.concurrent.*; class ConcurrentHashMapDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, String> m = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, String>(); m.put(100, "Hello"); m.put(101, "Geeks"); m.put(102, "Geeks"); // Printing the ConcurrentHashMap System.out.println("ConcurrentHashMap: " + m); // Adding Hello at 101 key // This is already present in ConcurrentHashMap object // Therefore its better to use putIfAbsent for such cases m.putIfAbsent(101, "Hello"); // Printing the ConcurrentHashMap System.out.println("\nConcurrentHashMap: " + m); // Trying to remove entry for 101 key // since it is present m.remove(101, "Geeks"); // Printing the ConcurrentHashMap System.out.println("\nConcurrentHashMap: " + m); // replacing the value for key 101 // from "Hello" to "For" m.replace(100, "Hello", "For"); // Printing the ConcurrentHashMap System.out.println("\nConcurrentHashMap: " + m); } } OutputConcurentHashMap: {100=Hello, 101=Geeks, 102=Geeks} ConcurentHashMap: {100=Hello, 101=Geeks, 102=Geeks} ConcurentHashMap: {100=Hello, 102=Geeks} ConcurentHashMap: {100=For, 102=Geeks} - With the help of HashSet (Similar to HashMap, but maintains only keys, not pair)
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of HashSet import java.util.*; class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { HashSet<String> h = new HashSet<String>(); // Adding elements into HashSet using add() h.add("India"); h.add("Australia"); h.add("South Africa"); h.add("India"); // adding duplicate elements // Displaying the HashSet System.out.println(h); // Checking if India is present or not System.out.println("\nHashSet contains India or not:" + h.contains("India")); // Removing items from HashSet using remove() h.remove("Australia"); // Printing the HashSet System.out.println("\nList after removing Australia:" + h); // Iterating over hash set items System.out.println("\nIterating over list:"); Iterator<String> i = h.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) System.out.println(i.next()); } } Output[South Africa, Australia, India] HashSet contains India or not:true List after removing Australia:[South Africa, India] Iterating over list: South Africa India
With the help of LinkedHashSet (Similar to LinkedHashMap, but maintains only keys, not pair)
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of LinkedHashSet import java.util.LinkedHashSet; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedHashSet<String> linkedset = new LinkedHashSet<String>(); // Adding element to LinkedHashSet linkedset.add("A"); linkedset.add("B"); linkedset.add("C"); linkedset.add("D"); // This will not add new element as A already exists linkedset.add("A"); linkedset.add("E"); System.out.println("Size of LinkedHashSet = " + linkedset.size()); System.out.println("Original LinkedHashSet:" + linkedset); System.out.println("Removing D from LinkedHashSet: " + linkedset.remove("D")); System.out.println("Trying to Remove Z which is not "+ "present: " + linkedset.remove("Z")); System.out.println("Checking if A is present=" + linkedset.contains("A")); System.out.println("Updated LinkedHashSet: " + linkedset); } } OutputSize of LinkedHashSet = 5 Original LinkedHashSet:[A, B, C, D, E] Removing D from LinkedHashSet: true Trying to Remove Z which is not present: false Checking if A is present=true Updated LinkedHashSet: [A, B, C, E]
- With the help of TreeSet (Implements the SortedSet interface, Objects are stored in a sorted and ascending order).
Java // Java program to demonstrate working of TreeSet import java.util.*; class TreeSetDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { TreeSet<String> ts1 = new TreeSet<String>(); // Elements are added using add() method ts1.add("A"); ts1.add("B"); ts1.add("C"); // Duplicates will not get insert ts1.add("C"); // Elements get stored in default natural // Sorting Order(Ascending) System.out.println("TreeSet: " + ts1); // Checking if A is present or not System.out.println("\nTreeSet contains A or not:" + ts1.contains("A")); // Removing items from TreeSet using remove() ts1.remove("A"); // Printing the TreeSet System.out.println("\nTreeSet after removing A:" + ts1); // Iterating over TreeSet items System.out.println("\nIterating over TreeSet:"); Iterator<String> i = ts1.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) System.out.println(i.next()); } } OutputTreeSet: [A, B, C] TreeSet contains A or not:true TreeSet after removing A:[B, C] Iterating over TreeSet: B C
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