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Returning Multiple Values in Python

Last Updated : 02 May, 2023

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In Python, we can return multiple values from a function. Following are different ways 1) Using Object: This is similar to C/C++ and Java, we can create a class (in C, struct) to hold multiple values and return an object of the class.

Python

   # A Python program to return multiple 
# values from a method using class 
class Test: 
    def __init__(self): 
        self.str = "geeksforgeeks"
        self.x = 20
 
# This function returns an object of Test 
def fun(): 
    return Test() 
     
# Driver code to test above method 
t = fun() 
print(t.str) 
print(t.x) 
 
  

Output

geeksforgeeks 20

Below are interesting methods for somebody shifting C++/Java world.

2) Using Tuple: A Tuple is a comma separated sequence of items. It is created with or without (). Tuples are immutable. See this for details of tuple and list.

Python

   # A Python program to return multiple 
# values from a method using tuple 
 
# This function returns a tuple 
def fun(): 
    str = "geeksforgeeks"
    x = 20
    return str, x # Return tuple, we could also 
                    # write (str, x) 
 
# Driver code to test above method 
str, x = fun() # Assign returned tuple 
print(str) 
print(x) 
 
  

Output

geeksforgeeks 20

3) Using a list: A list is like an array of items created using square brackets. They are different from arrays as they can contain items of different types. Lists are different from tuples as they are mutable.

Python

   # A Python program to return multiple 
# values from a method using list 
 
# This function returns a list 
def fun(): 
    str = "geeksforgeeks"
    x = 20
    return [str, x]
 
# Driver code to test above method 
list = fun() 
print(list) 
 
  

Output

['geeksforgeeks', 20]

4) Using a Dictionary: A Dictionary is similar to hash or map in other languages. See this for details of dictionary.

Python

   # A Python program to return multiple 
# values from a method using dictionary 
 
# This function returns a dictionary 
def fun(): 
    d = dict(); 
    d['str'] = "GeeksforGeeks"
    d['x'] = 20
    return d 
 
# Driver code to test above method 
d = fun() 
print(d) 
 
  

Output

{'x': 20, 'str': 'GeeksforGeeks'}

5) Using Data Class (Python 3.7+): In Python 3.7 and above the Data Class can be used to return a class with automatically added unique methods. The Data Class module has a decorator and functions for automatically adding generated special methods such as __init__() and __repr__() in the user-defined classes.

Python3

   from dataclasses import dataclass 
 
@dataclass
class Book_list: 
    name: str
    perunit_cost: float
    quantity_available: int = 0
         
    # function to calculate total cost     
    def total_cost(self) -> float: 
        return self.perunit_cost * self.quantity_available 
     
book = Book_list("Introduction to programming.", 300, 3) 
x = book.total_cost() 
 
# print the total cost 
# of the book 
print(x) 
 
# print book details 
print(book) 
 
# 900 
Book_list(name='Python programming.', 
        perunit_cost=200, 
        quantity_available=3) 
 
  

Output

900 Book_list(name='Introduction to programming.', perunit_cost=300, quantity_available=3)

6. Using ‘yield’

One alternative approach for returning multiple values from a function in Python is to use the yield keyword in a generator function. A generator function is a special type of function that returns an iterator object, which generates a sequence of values on the fly, one value at a time.

To return multiple values from a generator function, you can use the yield keyword to yield each value in turn. The generator function will then pause execution until the next value is requested, at which point it will resume execution and yield the next value. This process continues until the generator function completes execution or encounters a return statement.

Here is an example of how this can be done:

Python3

   def get_values():
    yield 42
    yield 'hello'
    yield [1, 2, 3]
 
# Test code
result = get_values()
print(next(result))  # should print 42
print(next(result))  # should print 'hello'
print(next(result))  # should print [1, 2, 3]
 
  

Output

42 hello [1, 2, 3]

Time complexity: O(1) because it only performs a constant number of operations (yields) regardless of the size of the input.
Auxiliary space: O(1) because it only stores a constant number of variables (yielded values) in memory at any given time.

Reference: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/354883/how-do-you-return-multiple-values-in-python

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S

Shubham Agrawal

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