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Print all subsequences of a string
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All substrings of a given String

Last Updated : 14 Feb, 2025
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Given a string s, containing lowercase alphabetical characters. The task is to print all non-empty substrings of the given string.

Examples : 

Input : s = "abc"
Output : "a", "ab", "abc", "b", "bc", "c"

Input : s = "ab"
Output : "a", "ab", "b"

Input : s = "a"
Output : "a"

[Expected Approach] - Using Iteration

  • The idea is to use two nested loops.
  • The outer loop picks the starting index (loop for i from 0 to n-1)
  • The inner loop picks the ending ending index (loop for j to n-1)
C++ 
// C++ program to find all the // substrings of given string #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;  // Function to find all substrings vector<string> findSubstrings(string &s) {      // to store all substrings     vector<string> res;      for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {         for(int j = i; j < s.length(); j++) {                          // substr function takes starting index             // and length as parameters             res.push_back(s.substr(i, j-i+1));         }     }      return res; }  int main() {     string s = "abc";     vector<string> res = findSubstrings(s);     for(auto i:res) {         cout<< i <<" ";     }     return 0; }
C 
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h>  // Function to find all substrings void findSubstrings(char *s) {          // to store all substrings     int len = strlen(s);     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {         for (int j = i; j < len; j++) {             for (int k = i; k <= j; k++) {                 putchar(s[k]);             }             printf(" ");         }     } }  int main() {     char s[] = "abc";     findSubstrings(s);     return 0; }
Java 
// Function to find all substrings import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;  public class Main {     public static List<String> findSubstrings(String s) {                  // to store all substrings         List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();         for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {             for (int j = i; j < s.length(); j++) {                                  // substr function takes starting index                 // and ending index + 1 as parameters                 res.add(s.substring(i, j + 1));             }         }         return res;     }      public static void main(String[] args) {         String s = "abc";         List<String> res = findSubstrings(s);         for (String i : res) {             System.out.print(i + " ");         }     } }
Python 
# Function to find all substrings def find_substrings(s):          # to store all substrings     res = []     for i in range(len(s)):         for j in range(i, len(s)):             res.append(s[i:j+1])     return res  s = 'abc' res = find_substrings(s) for i in res:     print(i, end=' ')
C# 
// Function to find all substrings using System; using System.Collections.Generic;  class Program {     public static List<string> FindSubstrings(string s) {                  List<string> res = new List<string>();                  for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) {             for (int j = i; j < s.Length; j++) {                                  // substr function takes starting index                 // and length as parameters                 res.Add(s.Substring(i, j - i + 1));             }         }         return res;     }      static void Main() {         string s = "abc";         List<string> res = FindSubstrings(s);         foreach (var i in res) {             Console.Write(i + " ");         }     } }
JavaScript 
// Function to find all substrings function findSubstrings(s) {          // to store all substrings     let res = [];     for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {         for (let j = i; j < s.length; j++) {                          // substr function takes starting index             // and ending index + 1 as parameters             res.push(s.substring(i, j + 1));         }     }     return res; }  let s = 'abc'; let res = findSubstrings(s); res.forEach(i => {     process.stdout.write(i + ' '); });

Output
a ab abc b bc c

[Interesting Approach] - Using Recursion

The idea is to recursively generate all possible substrings of the given string s. To do so, create an array of string res[] to store the substrings of string s and an empty string cur to store the current string. Start from the 0th index and for each index ind, add the current character s[ind] in the string cur, and add the string cur in res[]. Then, move to index ind + 1, and recursively generate the all substrings. At each recursive call, check if string cur is empty, if so, skip the current character to start the string from next index ind + 1. At last print all the substrings.

C++ 
// C++ program to find all the // substrings of given string #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;  // Recursive Function to find all // substrings of a string void subString(string &s, int n, int index,              string &cur, vector<string> &res) {      // if we have reached the      // end of the string     if (index == n) {         return;     }      // add the character s[index]      // to the current string     cur.push_back(s[index]);      // add the current string in result     res.push_back(cur);      // move to next index     subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);      // remove the current character     // from the current string      cur.pop_back();           // if current string is empty     // skip the current index to     // start the new substring     if(cur.empty()) {         subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);     } }  // Function to find all substrings vector<string> findSubstrings(string s) {      // to store all substrings     vector<string> res;          // to store current string     string cur = "";     subString(s, s.length(), 0, cur, res);     return res; }  int main() {     string s = "abc";     vector<string> res = findSubstrings(s);     for(auto i:res) {         cout<< i <<" ";     }     return 0; }
Java 
// Java program to find all the // substrings of given string import java.util.*;  class GFG {      // Recursive Function to find all     // substrings of a string     static void subString(String s, int n, int index,                           StringBuilder cur, List<String> res) {          // if we have reached the         // end of the string         if (index == n) {             return;         }          // add the character s.charAt(index)         // to the current string         cur.append(s.charAt(index));          // add the current string in result         res.add(cur.toString());          // move to next index         subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);          // remove the current character         // from the current string         cur.deleteCharAt(cur.length() - 1);          // if current string is empty         // skip the current index to         // start the new substring         if (cur.length() == 0) {             subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);         }     }      // Function to find all substrings     static List<String> findSubstrings(String s) {          // to store all substrings         List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();          // to store current string         StringBuilder cur = new StringBuilder();         subString(s, s.length(), 0, cur, res);         return res;     }      public static void main(String[] args) {         String s = "abc";         List<String> res = findSubstrings(s);         for (String str : res) {             System.out.print(str + " ");         }     } }
Python 
# Python program to find all the # substrings of given string  # Recursive Function to find all # substrings of a string def subString(s, n, index, cur, res):      # if we have reached the     # end of the string     if index == n:         return      # add the character s[index]     # to the current string     cur += s[index]      # add the current string in result     res.append(cur)      # move to next index     subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res)      # remove the current character     # from the current string     cur = cur[:-1]      # if current string is empty     # skip the current index to     # start the new substring     if not cur:         subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res)  # Function to find all substrings def findSubstrings(s):      # to store all substrings     res = []      # to store current string     cur = ""     subString(s, len(s), 0, cur, res)     return res  if __name__ == "__main__":     s = "abc"     res = findSubstrings(s)     print(" ".join(res))
C# 
// C# program to find all the // substrings of given string using System; using System.Collections.Generic;  class GFG {      // Recursive Function to find all     // substrings of a string     static void subString(string s, int n, int index,                           List<char> cur, List<string> res) {          // if we have reached the         // end of the string         if (index == n) {             return;         }          // add the character s[index]         // to the current string         cur.Add(s[index]);          // add the current string in result         res.Add(new string(cur.ToArray()));          // move to next index         subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);          // remove the current character         // from the current string         cur.RemoveAt(cur.Count - 1);          // if current string is empty         // skip the current index to         // start the new substring         if (cur.Count == 0) {             subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);         }     }      // Function to find all substrings     static List<string> findSubstrings(string s) {          // to store all substrings         List<string> res = new List<string>();          // to store current string         List<char> cur = new List<char>();         subString(s, s.Length, 0, cur, res);         return res;     }      public static void Main() {         string s = "abc";         List<string> res = findSubstrings(s);         Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", res));     } }
JavaScript 
// JavaScript program to find all the // substrings of given string  // Recursive Function to find all // substrings of a string function subString(s, n, index, cur, res) {      // if we have reached the     // end of the string     if (index === n) {         return;     }      // add the character s[index]     // to the current string     cur += s[index];      // add the current string in result     res.push(cur);      // move to next index     subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);      // remove the current character     // from the current string     cur = cur.slice(0, -1);      // if current string is empty     // skip the current index to     // start the new substring     if (cur.length === 0) {         subString(s, n, index + 1, cur, res);     } }  // Function to find all substrings function findSubstrings(s) {      // to store all substrings     let res = [];      // to store current string     let cur = "";     subString(s, s.length, 0, cur, res);     return res; }  const s = "abc"; const res = findSubstrings(s); console.log(res.join(" "));

Output
a ab abc b bc c


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Print all subsequences of a string

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    Minimum insertions to form a palindrome with permutations allowed
    Given a string of lowercase letters. Find minimum characters to be inserted in the string so that it can become palindrome. We can change the positions of characters in the string.Examples: Input: geeksforgeeksOutput: 2Explanation: geeksforgeeks can be changed as: geeksroforskeeg or geeksorfroskeeg
    5 min read
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