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Realization of Logic Gate Using Universal gates
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Basic Conversion of Logic Gates

Last Updated : 16 Aug, 2024
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In the Digital System, logic gates are the basic building blocks.  In these logic gates, we can find the gates having more than one input, but will have only one output. The connection between the input and the output of a gate is based on some logic. Based on this logic, different gates are developed like OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, and more.   The gates that are developed have been divided into categories like Basic Gates, Universal Gates, and more. 

Here we have used 2 inputs, and the combination of the inputs that we will have is 4. So we can have more than the one or two inputs and the combination of the input will be based on 2n the 'n' states the number of inputs of the logic gate. For example if the number of input is 3 then the combination of the input will be 23 = 8.

What is Logic GATE?

A logic gate is the device that acts as the building block for the digital circuits. They do the basic math jobs that are key to digital circuits. Most electronic devices we use today have the some kind of logic gates in them. For example the logic gates are used in things like the smartphones and tablets or in memory devices.

In a circuit, logic gates work based on a mix of digital signals coming from its inputs. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output, and they use simple math rules. At any time, every part is in one of two states: true or false. False means 0 and the true means 1. Based on the type of logic gates and the mix of the inputs the output (0 or 1) will be different. A logic gate is like the light switch where the one position is off (0) and the other is on (1). Logic gates are often used in the small chips called the integrated circuits (IC).

Basic Conversion of Logic Gates

1. AND to NAND

The algebraic expression of the AND to NAND Gate conversion is Y=A'+B'. 

2. OR to NOR

The algebraic expression of the NOR gate is Y=A'.B'. 

3. NAND to AND

The algebraic expression of the NAND to AND gate conversion is Y''=A.B. 

After complement, we get the expression of the And gate. 

4. NAND to OR

The algebraic expression of the NAND to OR gate is- Y=A+B.

5. NOR to AND

The algebraic expression of the NOR to AND gate is Y=A.B.

6. NOR to NOT

The algebraic expression of the NOR to NOT gate conversion will be the same as the NOT gate. So the algebraic conversion of the NOT gate is:- Y=A' 

7. NAND to NOT

The algebraic expression of the NAND to NOT gate conversion will be the same as the NOT gate. So the algebraic conversion of the NOT gate is:- Y=A'

8. NOR to OR

The algebraic expression of the NOR to OR gate is: A+B 

9. NOR to NAND

The algebraic expression of the NOR to NAND gate is A'+B'. 

10. NOR to XOR

The algebraic expression of the NOR to XOR gate is (A+(A+B)')'+(B+(A+B)')'

11. NOR to X-NOR

The algebraic expression of the NOR to XNOR gate is- (A+B'). (A'+B)

Advantages of Logic Gates

  • Logic gates are easy to understand and work with. Even beginners can learn how to use basic gates like AND, OR, and NOT. This simplicity makes it easier for engineers to design digital systems.
  • They can be the combined to make more complex circuits. Just like building with the Lego you can put together different logic gates to create the bigger and more powerful systems. This is how we make the things like computer processors and the memory chips.
  • Logic gates work very quickly helping computers run fast. They can switch between 0 and 1 states in tiny fractions of a second. This speed is why modern computers can do so many calculations so quickly.

Disadvantages of Logic Gates

  • Most logic gates can only handle a few inputs at a time. For example, a typical AND gate has just two inputs. This means that for more complex operations, you need to use many gates together, which can make circuits bigger and more complicated.
  • They need a constant power supply to work. The Logic gates are always "on" and using the electricity even when they are not actively processing. This is why the computers and smartphones use up the battery power even when they seem to be doing nothing.
  • When many logic gates work together, they can create heat, which can cause issues. This is why computers need fans or other cooling systems. Too much heat can make the logic gates work incorrectly or even damage them. It is also why big data centers need the powerful air conditioning.

Conclusion

The Logic gates are the basic building blocks of the digital electronics. They do a simple math with 1s and 0s which helps the computers and other devices work. While they are easy to use and can be put together to make the complex systems they also have the some downsides like the needing constant power and creating the heat. Overall the logic gates are the key part of the technology we use every day from smartphones to computers making our digital world possible.


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