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C# Tutorial

Last Updated : 16 Dec, 2024
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C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, versatile, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000 that runs on the .NET Framework. Whether you're creating Windows applications, diving into Unity game development, or working on enterprise solutions, C# is one of the top choices for developers worldwide.

  • C# originates from the C programming family and shares similarities with other widely-used languages like C++ and Java.
  • Mainly used to develop the desktop apps, windows apps, games(with unity engine), mobile apps and web services etc.
  • C# is the primary language for developing games using the Unity engine.
  • With .NET Core, C# applications can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • The latest version, C# 13 was released in November 2024 alongside .NET 9.

Hello World Program

C# 
// C# Hello World Program using System;  class HelloWorldProgram {      // Main Method     static void Main(string[] args)     {          // "printing Hello World"         Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");     } }

Output
Hello, World!

This C# tutorial covers everything from beginners to advanced level. We’ll start with the basics like setting up your environment, C# syntax, and writing "Hello World" program, data types, and loops etc. After that we will start with advanced topics like object-oriented programming, delegates, tuples, indexers, collections, multithreading, and LINQ etc.

.NET Framework Overview

  • What is .NET Framework?
  • .NET Framework Architecture
  • Managed and Unmanaged Code
  • CIL or MSIL
  • Common Language Runtime(CLR)

Introduction

  • What is C#?
  • Installing and Setup Visual Studio Code
  • Setting Up Enviornment Variables
  • Hello World Program
  • Excecuting Program on CMD

Basics

  • Identifiers
  • Variables
  • Data Types
  • Constants and Literals
  • Scope of Variables
  • Params
  • Type Casting
  • Comments
  • Operators

Control Structures

  • Decision Making: If-Else, Switch-Case
  • Switch Statement
  • Loops: For, While, Do-While
  • Foreach Loop
  • Jump Statements: Break, Continue, Goto

Arrays & Strings

  • Introduction to Arrays
  • Jagged Arrays
  • Sorting an Array
  • Introduction to String
  • Verbatim String Literal – @
  • StringBuilder in C#
  • String vs StringBuilder

OOPS Concepts

  • Class and Objects
  • Methods
  • Constructors
  • Destructors
  • Properties
  • Access Modifiers
  • Abstraction
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Method Overloading
  • Method Overriding
  • Abstract Classes
  • Interface
  • Sealed Classes

Delegates

  • Delegates
  • Predicate Delegate
  • Action Delegate
  • Func Delegate

Tuple

  • What is Tuple?
  • Tuple Class
  • Tuple<T1> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Class
  • Tuple<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Class

ValueTuple

  • What is ValueTuple?
  • ValueTuple Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> Struct
  • ValueTuple <T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,TRest> Struct

Indexers & Properties

  • Indexers
  • Multidimensional Indexers
  • Overloading of Indexers
  • Properties
  • Restrictions on Properties

Multithreading

  • Introduction to Multithreading
  • Types of Threads
  • Creating Threads
  • Main Thread
  • Lifecycle and States of a Thread
  • Thread Class
  • Scheduling a thread for Execution
  • Check whether a Thread is Alive or Not
  • Joining Threads
  • Terminating a Thread
  • Thread Priority in Multithreading

Exception Handling

  • Exceptions
  • System Level Exception vs Application Level Exception
  • How to Use Multiple Catch Clause
  • Nesting of Try and Catch Blocks
  • Using Finally

Collections & Generics

  • List
  • SortedList with Examples
  • HashSet
  • SortedSet
  • Dictionary with Examples
  • SortedDictionary
  • Hashtable with Examples
  • Stack with Examples
  • Queue with Examples
  • LinkedList
  • Hashtable vs Dictionary
  • SortedList vs SortedDictionary

Collections Namespace

  • Stack Class
  • Queue Class
  • Array Class
  • ArrayList Class
  • Hashtable Class
  • BitArray Class
  • SortedList Class

Generic Namespace

  • HashSet<T> Class
  • LinkedList<T> Class
  • List<T> Class
  • SortedSet<T> Class
  • Dictionary Class
  • SortedDictionary Class

System Namespace

  • BitConverter Class
  • Console Class
  • Convert Class
  • Decimal Struct
  • Byte Struct
  • Char Struct
  • Int16 Struct
  • Int32 Struct
  • Int64 Struct
  • UInt16 Struct
  • UInt32 Struct
  • UInt64 Struct

Specialized Namespace

  • ListDictionary Class
  • StringCollection Class
  • OrderedDictionary Class
  • HybridDictionary Class
  • StringDictionary Class

C# 8.0

  • Static Local Function
  • Range and Indices
  • Range Structure
  • Index Struct

Windows Forms

  • What is Windows Forms(WF)?
  • Button Control
  • Label Control
  • RadioButton Control
  • CheckBox Control
  • TextBox Control
  • ComboBox Control
  • ToolTip Class
  • RichTextBox Class
  • MaskedBox Class
  • NumericUpDown Class
  • DateTimePicker Class
  • ListBox Class
  • GroupBox Class
  • FlowLayoutPanel Class
C# Tutorial - Beginner to Advanced


C# Features

  • Simple: C# is a user-friendly language that offers a structured approach to problem-solving. it provides a wide range of library functions and data types to work.
  • Modern Programming Language: C# programming is a popular and powerful language that is for creating scalable, interoperable, and robust applications.
  • Object Oriented: C# is an object-oriented programming language, which makes development and maintenance easier. In contrast, with procedure-oriented programming languages, managing code becomes difficult as project size grows.
  • Type Safe: The code is type safe can only access memory locations that it has permission to execute. This feature significantly enhances program security.
  • Interoperability: The interoperability process allows C# programs to perform all the tasks that a native C++ application.
  • Scalable and Updateable: C# is a programming language that is scalable and can be updated automatically. To update our application, we remove the old files and replace them with new ones.
  • Component Oriented: It is widely used as a software development methodology to create applications that are more strong and can easily scale.
  • Structured Programming Language: C# is a structured programming language that allows us to divide programs into parts using functions, making it easy to understand and modify.
  • Fast Speed: The compilation and execution time of C# language is fast.

Next Article
Introduction to .NET Framework

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