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Count-Min Sketch in Python

Last Updated : 20 May, 2024
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Count-Min Sketch is a probabilistic data structure which approximates the frequency of items in a stream of data. It uses little memory while handling massive amounts of data and producing approximations of the answers. In this post, we'll explore the idea behind the Count-Min Sketch, how it's implemented in Python, and discuss its uses and drawbacks.

What is Count-Min Sketch?

Count-Min is a probabilistic data structure used to count unique items in a large stream of data. It is used to find an approximate frequency of the events on the streaming data.

The idea behind Count-Min Sketch is to use hash functions and a two-dimensional array (or matrix) to efficiently store the frequency of items. The array is made up of several rows and columns, where a bucket is represented by a column and a hash function by a row. The hash functions identify the locations in the array to increment or get counts when updating or querying the frequency of entries.

Key Operations in Count-Min Sketch:

Initialization: Set the number of rows and columns that you want in the Count-Min Sketch.

Update: To increase an element's count, hash it through each hash function and update the array's associated buckets.

Query: Find the lowest count across the related buckets after hashing an element with each hash algorithm to determine its estimated frequency.

Implementation of Count-Min Sketch in Python:

Below is the implementation of Count-Min Sketch in Python:

Python 
import hashlib  class CountMinSketch:     def __init__(self, rows, cols):         self.rows = rows         self.cols = cols         self.count_matrix = [[0] * cols for _ in range(rows)]         self.hash_functions = [hashlib.md5, hashlib.sha1, hashlib.sha256]       def update(self, element):         for i, hash_func in enumerate(self.hash_functions):             hash_value = int(hash_func(element.encode()).hexdigest(), 16)             bucket_index = hash_value % self.cols             self.count_matrix[i][bucket_index] += 1      def query(self, element):         min_count = float('inf')         for i, hash_func in enumerate(self.hash_functions):             hash_value = int(hash_func(element.encode()).hexdigest(), 16)             bucket_index = hash_value % self.cols             min_count = min(min_count, self.count_matrix[i][bucket_index])         return min_count  # Example usage cms = CountMinSketch(rows=3, cols=10) data_stream = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "apple", "banana", "banana"] for element in data_stream:     cms.update(element) print("Frequency of 'apple':", cms.query("apple"))

Output
Frequency of 'apple': 3

Count-Min Sketch is a data structure that provides accurate approximations of element frequencies in massive data streams. Python developers may efficiently address a range of frequency estimation issues by using Count-Min Sketch provided they have a thorough knowledge of its concepts, uses, and limits.


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Count distinct elements in an array in Python

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Article Tags :
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  • Python-DSA
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