| Ethernet | A family of protocols that specify how devices on the same network segment format and transmit data. | 44818, 2222 |
| Wi-Fi or WLAN | A family of protocols that deal with wireless transmission. | - |
| TCP | Splits data into packets (reassembles later). Error checking is also included, as the acknowledgment is expected to be sent within a specified timeframe. | 22 |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | 4096-65535 |
| IP | Every device has an IP address. Packets are "addressed" to ensure they reach the correct user. | - |
| HTTP | Used to access web pages from a web server. | 80 |
| HTTP'S | uses encryption to protect data. | 443 |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol: Handles file uploads and downloads, transferring data and programs. | 21 |
| SMTP | SMTP server has a database of user email addresses. Internet Message Access Protocol: Handles incoming mail. | 587 |
| IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol: Process incoming mail. | 993 |
| ARP | ARP finds a host's hardware address (also known as MAC (Media Access Control) address) based on its known IP address. | - |
| DNS | DNS is the host name for the IP address translation service. DNS is a distributed database implemented on a hierarchy of name servers. It is an application layer protocol for messaging between clients and servers. | 53 |
| FTPS | FTPS is known as FTP SSL which refers to File Transfer Protocol (FTP) over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) which is more secure from FTP. FTPS also called as File Transfer Protocol Secure. | 21 |
| POP3 | POP3 is a simple protocol that only allows downloading messages from your Inbox to your local computer. | 110 |
| SIP | Session Initiation Protocol was designed by IETF and is described in RFC 3261. It’s the protocol of application layer that describes the way to found out Internet telephone calls, video conferences and other multimedia connections, manage them and terminate them. | 5060,5061 |
| SMB | The SMB protocol was developed by Microsoft for direct file sharing over local networks. | 139 |
| SNMP | SNMP is an application layer protocol that uses UDP port numbers 161/162. SNMP is also used to monitor networks, detect network errors, and sometimes configure remote devices. | 161 |
| SSH | SSH (Secure Shell) is the permissions used by the SSH protocol. That is, a cryptographic network protocol used to send encrypted data over a network. | 22 |
| VNC | VNC stands for Virtual Network Communication. | 5900 |
| RPC | Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a powerful technique for building distributed client-server based applications. It is based on extending traditional calls to local procedures so that the called procedure does not have to be in the same address space as the calling procedure. | 1024 to 5000 |
| NFS | NFS uses file handles to uniquely identify the file or directory on which the current operation is being performed. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to provide error control. Used for reporting errors and administrative queries. | 2049 |
| ICMP | Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) to provide an error control. It is used for reporting errors and management queries. | - |
| BOOTP | Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a network protocol used by network management to assign IP addresses to each member of that network in order to join other network devices through a main server. | 67 |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an application layer protocol. DHCP is based on a client-server model, based on discoveries, offers, requests, and ACKs. | 68 |
| NAT | Network Address Translation (NAT) is the process of translating one or more local IP addresses into one or more global IP addresses, or vice versa, in order to provide Internet access to local hosts. | 5351 |
| PPP | Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is basically an asymmetric protocol suite for various connections or links without framing. H. Raw bit pipe. PPP also expects other protocols to establish connections, authenticate users, and carry network layer data as well. | 1994 |
| RIP | Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count as a routing metric to find the best path between source and destination networks. | 520 |
| OSPF | Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol used to find the best path between a source and destination router using its own shortest path first). | 89 |
| EIGRP | Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a dynamic routing protocol used to find the best path and deliver packets between any two Layer 3 devices. | 88 |
| BGP | Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a protocol used to exchange Internet routing information and is used between ISPs in different ASes. | 179 |
| STP | Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to create a loop-free network by monitoring the network, tracking all connections, and shutting down the least redundant connections. | 0 to 255 |
| RARP | RARP, stand for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, is a computer network-based protocol used by client computers to request IP addresses from a gateway server's Address Resolution Protocol table or cache. | - |
| LAPD | The D-channel LAPD or Link Access Protocol is basically the Layer 2 protocol normally required for the ISDN D-channel. It is derived from the LAPB (Link Access Protocol Balanced) protocol. | - |
| IPsec | IP Security (IPSec) is a standard suite of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) protocols between two communication points on IP networks to provide data authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. It also defines encrypted, decrypted, and authenticated packets. | 4500 |
| ASCII | ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the standard character encoding used in telecommunications. The ASCII representation "ask-ee" is strictly a 7-bit code based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes are used to represent alphanumeric data. | 9500 |
| EBCDIC | EBCDIC (Extended Binary Encoded Decimal Interchange Code) (pronounced "ehb-suh-dik" or "ehb-kuh-dik") is an alphanumeric binary code developed by IBM to run large-scale computer systems . | - |
| X.25 PAD | X.25 is an International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) protocol standard simply for Wide Area Network (WAN) communications that basically describes how the connections among user devices and network devices are established and maintained. | - |
| HDLC | High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) commonly uses the term "frame" to denote units or logs of units of data that are frequently transmitted or transmitted from one station to another, express. Each frame on the link must start and end with a flag sequence field (F). | - |
| SLIP | SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol. It is a TCP/IP implementation which was described under RFC 1055 (Request for Comments). | |
| LAP | Link Access Procedure (LAP) is basically considered as an ITU family of Data Link Layer (DLL) protocols that are subsets of High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). LAP is particularly derived from IBM’s System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). | - |
| NCP | Network Control Protocol (NCP) is a set of protocols that are part of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). | 524 |
| Mobile IP | Mobile IP is a communication protocol (created by extending the Internet Protocol, IP) that allows a user to move from one network to another using the same her IP address. | 434 |
| VOIP | Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allowing you to make voice calls over a broadband Internet connection instead of an analog (regular) phone line. Some VoIP services allow you to call people using the same service, but others may allow you to call anyone. | 5060 |
| LDAP | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an internet protocol works on TCP/IP, used to access information from directories. LDAP protocol is basically used to access an active directory. | 389 |
| GRE | GRE or Generic Routing Encapsulation is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco. It encapsulates IP packets i.e. deliverable inner packets into outer packets. | 47 |
| AH | The HTTP headers Authorization header is a request type header that used to contains the credentials information to authenticate a user through a server. If the server responds with 401 Unauthorized and the WWW-Authenticate header not usually. | 51 |
| ESP | Encapsulation security payload, also abbreviated as ESP plays a very important role in network security. ESP or Encapsulation security payload is an individual protocol in IPSec. | 500 |
| NNTP | Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is the underlying protocol of UseNet, which is a worldwide discussion system which contains posts or articles which are known as news. | 119 |
| RPC-DCOM | DCOM- Distributed Component Object Model– helps remote object via running on a protocol known as the Object Remote Procedure Call (ORPC). | - |
| IRC | Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an Internet application that was developed by Jakko Oikarinen in Finland. Chat is the most convenient immediate way to communicate with others via Internet. | 6667 |