CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science
Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2025
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes 2023-2024 are developed by experts from the latest class 10 science textbooks. These Class 10 Quick Revision notes help students to score well in the upcoming CBSE Board exams. CBSE Science Notes for Class 10 is a crucial study material for students. CBSE Class 10 Science Notes comprise Biology, Chemistry, and Physics notes for all chapters. CBSE Class 10 Notes are designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the subject and help them to develop a strong foundation in the basic principles of science.
NCERT Class 10 Science Notes provide in-depth explanations of important chapters like Chemical reactions, Acids Bases, and Salts, Magnetic effects of electric current, Reflection, and Refraction of light, and Food Chains and Food Webs, which carry maximum weightage in the Class 10 board exams.
Class10 Science notesCBSE Class 10 Science Notes provide in-depth explanations of important chapters like Chemical reactions, Acids Bases, and Salts, Magnetic effects of electric current, Reflection, and Refraction of light, and Food Chains and Food Webs, which carry maximum weightage in the Class 10 board exams. These Revision Notes for Class 10 are designed with clear illustrations, solved questions, and sample questions from NCERT books, making it easier for students to understand and retain the concepts for a longer time. The simple style and format used in the notes will help students to gain a good grip and clear insight into the concepts, ensuring their success in the exams.
CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science – Chapter wise PDF (1 to 16)
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes are very important from the CBSE Exams point of view. Our guide covers all the required chapters for the CBSE Class 10 syllabus, with in-depth explanations and well-crafted examples in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Experience a more efficient learning process with our Class 10 CBSE Notes.
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapters List |
|---|
| Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations | Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution |
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases, and Salts | Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction |
| Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals | Chapter 11 – Human Eye and Colourful World |
| Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds | Chapter 12 – Electricity |
| Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements | Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
| Chapter 6 – Life Processes | Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy |
| Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination | Chapter 15 – Our Environment |
| Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce? | Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources |
Note: The following Chapter has been Removed from NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook for sessions 2023-24
Topics Removed from NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook 2023-24 |
|---|
| Chapter 5 - Periodic Classification of Elements |
| Chapter 14 - Sources of Energy |
| Chapter 16 - Sustainable Management of Natural Resources |
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
With our Class 10 Notes for Science Chapter 1, you can simply learn topics like chemical reactions, types of chemical processes, chemical equations, symbols of elements and their valencies, balancing chemical reactions, types of chemical reactions, and other related concepts.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
The classification of matter, ionizable and non-ionizable compounds, acids, bases, salts, physical tests to identify acids and bases, acid and base reactions, neutralization reactions, the difference between base and alkali, acid and base strength, and pH are all covered in the Acids, Bases, and Salts chapter. Read our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Notes and learn all of these concepts.
- Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Chemical Indicators – Definition, Types, Examples
- Difference between Mineral Acids and Organic Acids
- Strength of Acids
- Concentrated and Dilute Acids
- Properties of Acids – Definition, Examples, Properties, Uses
- What do All Acids Have in Common?
- Are all compounds that contain hydrogen, not an acid?
- Uses of Mineral Acids in Industry
- Difference between Alkalis and Bases
- What do All Bases Have in Common?
- Strong and Weak Bases
- What are Bases? – Definition, Examples, Types, Properties, and Uses
- How Strong Are Acids and Bases on the pH Scale?
- What is a Universal Indicator?
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
- Explain the pH Change As the Cause Of Tooth Decay
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
- What is meant by Family of Salts?
- What is Sodium Chloride? – Definition, Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Caustic Soda, Washing Soda, and Baking Soda – Preparation, Chemical Formula, Properties
- Bleaching Powder – Definition, Structure, Preparation, Properties
- Water of Crystallization
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
This chapter discusses the different properties of metals and non-metals. It covers corrosion, corrosion prevention, alloys, physical properties of metals and non-metals, physical property exceptions, chemical properties of metals and non-metals, displacement reaction, and metal and non-metal extraction. You can read our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Notes by clicking on the links below and learn all of the Metals and Non-Metals concepts before the finals.
- Metals and Non-Metals – Definition, Properties, Uses, and Applications
- Exceptions in Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
- Difference between Metals and Non-Metals
- Reactivity Series of Metals
- Uses of Metals and Non-Metals
- Noble Gases
- What are the causes of Chemical Bonding?
- Types of Chemical Bonds
- Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
- Covalent Bonds – Definition, Types, Properties, Examples
- What are Covalent Compounds? Definition, Formation, Properties
- Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- Occurrence of Metals, Minerals, and Ores
- Extraction of Metals from Ores
- The concentration of Ore – Definition, Methods of Separation, Examples
- Conversion of Concentrated Ore into Metal
- Extraction of Highly Reactive Metals
- Extraction of Moderately and Less Reactive Metals
- What is the Refining of Metals?
- What is Corrosion?
- Corrosion of Metals
- Rusting of Iron – Explanation, Chemical Reaction, Prevention
- What is Gold? – Definition, Properties, Uses, and Applications
- Platinum – Definition, Occurrence, Properties, Applications
- Alloys – Definition, Composition, Properties, and Uses
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
One of the most important chapters in Class 10 Science is This Carbon and Its Compounds. Soaps and detergents, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, Lewis dot structure, single, double, and triple bonds, allotropes of carbon, diamond, graphite, chains, branches, and rings for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons are among the primary subjects covered in this chapter. Homologous series, combustion reactions, oxidation, flame reactions, addition reactions, substitution processes, ethanol, and alcohol are among the other topics covered. All of the topics are covered in our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 4.
- Carbon – Definition, Properties, Occurrence, Applications
- Why does Carbon Always Form Covalent Bonds?
- Why is Carbon considered Tetravalent?
- Allotropes of Carbon
- Diamond and Graphite – Structure, Uses, Properties, Applications
- What are Catenation and Tetravalency?
- What are Hydrocarbons?
- Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Alkyl Groups and Cyclic Hydrocarbons
- Functional Groups in Organic Compounds
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds
- Hydrogenation of Oils
- Ethanol – Definition, Properties, Uses, Harmful Effects
- Ethanoic Acid – Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions
- Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents
- Difference Between Soaps and Detergents
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
One of the most significant topics in Class 10 Science is the Periodic Table. This chapter explains the different elements present in nature as well as their qualities. Dobereiner's triads, Newlands' law of octaves, Mendeleev's periodic table and law, and successes and limitations of Mendeleev's periodic table are among the primary subjects covered in Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 notes. Using our Science revision notes, learn about the different groups in the modern periodic table, trends in the modern periodic table, and more.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes
Life processes, nutrition, autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, stomata, saprophytic nutrition, parasitic nutrition, nutrition in amoeba, nutrition in humans, the human digestive system, digestive systems in other animals, respiration in humans, respiration in lower animals, respiration in plants, circulatory system in humans, transportation in plants, and excretion in humans and plants are all covered in this chapter. All of these concepts are clearly presented in our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Notes pdf, which includes labeled diagrams to assist you in quickly studying the chapter before exams.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
This chapter explains how the body regulates its movement and coordinates its actions with other body parts and the surroundings. The nervous system, reflex actions, plant hormones and movements, growth-related movement in plants, geotropism, phototropism, hydrotropism, chemotropism, the endocrine system, and the endocrine glands are all covered in the below-mentioned links for Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 7.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
Asexual reproduction - fission, budding, regeneration, fragmentation, spore formation, and vegetative propagation are all covered in this chapter. It also covers topics such as sexual reproduction - cell division, male and female reproductive systems, menstrual cycles, and the theory of plant reproduction. With our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 8, you can master all of these concepts in lesser time.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution
Genes, heredity, Mendel's work, dominant traits, recessive traits, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, inheritance, Mendel's laws, sex determination, acquired and inherited traits, speciation, gene flow, and more are covered in this chapter. This chapter discusses the evolution of fossils, which is an important topic. With our Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 9, you can learn all of these concepts in a few minutes.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 10: Light: Reflection and Refraction
Light refraction and reflection are two key Physics principles. The nature of light, laws of reflection, light reflection by different media, laws of reflection, propagation of light, Fermat's theorem, plane mirror, generation of the image by a plane mirror, and reversibility of light are the primary subjects of this chapter. Mirror formula and magnification are also covered, as well as light refraction, laws of refraction, refractive index, total internal reflection, spherical lenses, Lens formula, magnification, and power.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 11: Human Eye and Colourful World
The structure of the human eye and defects of the human eye such as myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, and cataract are covered in the Quick revision notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 11. Use GeeksforGeeks' free Science revision notes to quickly review this chapter and prepare for your exam.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 12: Electricity
This chapter will teach you about conductors and insulators, electric potential and potential differences, electric current models such as the Electron Sea Model, battery operation, and more. The electric circuit, resistance and Ohm's law, resistance, resistance factors, resistivity, superconductors, terminal voltage, electric power, and thermal effects of electric current are among the other topics covered.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Field and field lines, North and South poles, a bar magnet, magnetic field, iron filings test around a bar magnet, magnetic field lines, magnetic field lines for a closed-loop, magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor, electromagnet, magnetic field due to a straight current-carrying conductor, right-hand thumb rule, force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, and more are covered in this chapter. All of the concepts in this chapter are covered in our Class 10 quick revision notes, making it easy for you to study.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 14: Sources of Energy
Energy conservation, fossil fuels, thermal energy, the disadvantages of burning fossil fuels, thermal power plants, hydropower plants, turbines, dams, wind energy, solar energy, energy from the sea, tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy, nuclear energy, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion are all covered in this chapter. With GeeksforGeeks Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 14, you may quickly revise all of the concepts covered in this chapter.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15: Our Environment
This chapter covers subjects such as plant and animal nutrition, saprophytes and decomposers, abiotic and biotic components, ecosystems, trophic levels, energy conservation, energy flow, food chain, food web, air pollution, ozone layer depletion, garbage management, and biodegradation. Use our Class 10 Science Chapter 15 notes to revise all of the lessons covered in this Class 10 Notes chapter within just a few minutes.
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 16: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
In this chapter, you'll learn why we need to manage our resources, the 3 R's concept (Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse), the increase in dependence on natural resources, forests and wildlife, forest partners, monoculture, people's interference in forests, sustainable development, irrigation, dams, coal and petroleum, groundwater, and why we should use fossil fuels minimally.
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CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes 2023-2024 are developed by experts from the latest class 10 science textbooks. These Class 10 Quick Revision notes help students to score well in the upcoming CBSE Board exams. CBSE Science Notes for Class 10 is a crucial study material for students. CBSE Class 10 Science
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Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 3 - Metals and non–metals
Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds
Covalent Bond
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. Both the atomic nuclei of the shared atom together attract these electrons. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalen
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What are Hydrocarbons?
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons with no double or triple bond functional groups, depending on whether the carbon atoms of the molecule are organized in chains or rings. Alkenes and alkynes are hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds, respectively. The following mentioned are the rules for
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Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds
Hydrocarbons are the most abundant carbon compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. We'll now discuss some of the chemical properties of hydrocarbons, which are carbon compounds. Combustion reactions, substitution reactions, and addition reactions are the chemical properties that will be disc
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Classification of Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms linked with other elements through simple covalent bonds. These elements could be connected by single covalent bonds, double covalent bonds, or triple covalent bonds. In other words, we can say that all organic compounds
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Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents
In our day to day lives, we often use detergents and soaps to clean the dirt off our clothes. Have you ever wondered what soap molecule is made up of or how it cleanses the dirt? In this article, we shall look upon the structure of soap and its cleansing action but before that, we shall give a simpl
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Chapter 5 - Life Process
Nutrition In Human Beings - Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Proteins and Fats
Nourishment is a cycle by which an organic entity gets supplements from food and uses them to get energy and for building and fixing its tissues. All living life forms don't acquire food by a similar interaction, for example, plants and a few microbes have the green color chlorophyll to assist with
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Respiration
Respiration is an essential biological activity in which the exchange of gases between an organism and its surroundings occurs, producing the energy needed for cellular functions. All living things, from the most basic bacteria to intricate complex organisms like humans, experience it. There are two
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Body Fluids and Circulation
Class 11 Notes Body Fluids and Circulation: Body liquids are the mode of transport of supplements, oxygen, and other significant substances in the body. They supply the cells with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products, which are then excreted in the urine. As body temperature rises, blood f
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Means of Transportation In Plants
Plants are very important for our daily needs. Plants give oxygen because of photosynthesis by taking carbon dioxide that we release this is why plants are important for our living process. The plant is the first living organism on the earth. One living organism that is in every part of the earth is
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Human Excretory System
The human excretory system, also known as the urinary system, comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The human excretory system filters waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream, resulting in the formation of urine. In addition to waste elimination, the excretory system pl
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Excretion In Plants - Definition, Types, Transpiration, Examples
Excretion in plants is the process via which plants eliminate waste products and other unwanted substances from their cells and tissues. Plants produce metabolic waste products like other organisms, such waste products are must be removed from the plant's body to maintain its health and survival. Pl
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Chapter 6 - Control and Coordination
Human Nervous System - Structure, Function, and Types
The Human Nervous System is a network of specialized cells and tissues that includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of peripheral nerves. The types of nervous systems and their functions are discussed in this article. The human nervous system is responsible for receiving, transmitting
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Reflex Action
Reflex action is an involuntary and automatic response to a specific stimulus. Reflex action is a type of behavior that is not consciously controlled by the brain, but rather, it is mediated by the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Reflex action is an essential survival mechanism that allows an org
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Brain Anatomy: Structure, Parts, and Function
The Human Brain is a complex organ and is also known as the central processing unit of the body. It is enclosed inside the bony covering called the cranium (or skull). The brain consists of the cerebrum, responsible for higher cognitive functions; the cerebellum, involved in coordination and balance
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Coordination in Plants
Coordination in plants is the mechanisms and processes via which plants react and adapt to changes in their environment. As plants don't have nervous system like animals does, plant exhibit a remarkable ability to coordinate their growth, development, and responses to various stimuli. Plant coordina
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Movement Due to Growth in Plants
Control is characterized as the force of limiting and managing by which a cycle can be begun, directed in speed to accelerate or dial back or stop totally. Coordination can be characterized as the cooperating of the various frameworks of a creature to deliver a suitable response to upgrades. The coo
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Hormones In Animals
Hormones in Animals are small chemical secretions that are produced by special glands known as Endocrine Glands. All animals including humans produce hormones that allow the body to perform specific functions. Hormones are of different types- peptide-based, amino acid-derived, or steroid-based. Some
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Chapter 7 - How do Organisms Reproduce?
Chapter 8 - Heredity
Heredity
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How do the Traits and Characters get expressed?
The most fundamental and important aspects of biology are heredity and evolution, which are connected by inheritable features. These two terminologies assist us in learning and comprehending how the life cycle on Earth continues. Both concepts are tied to one another, and there can be no evolution w
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Evolution - Introduction, Causes, Need, Examples
The term "heritability" describes the transmission of traits from generation to generation. The slow process through which a rudimentary living form develops into sophisticated organisms over the course of many generations is known as evolution. Evolution is a perceptible shift in a population's her
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Acquired and Inherited Traits - Definition, Differences, Examples
To ensure the survival of one species, it is very much necessary to have a reproduction process. In the reproduction process, there are two types of reproduction, namely asexual and sexual reproduction. Some amount of variation can be observed in the new ones. In asexual reproduction, these variatio
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Speciation and Evolution
Through the process of reproduction, individuals give rise to new individuals that are similar (not the same) to the parents. This similarity in progeny or offspring or child is due to the transmission of characters or traits from parents to their progeny. The transfer of characters from parents to
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Basis of Classification
Cells are one of the most important characteristics of living beings because they are the basic beginning of life. They are the basic unit of life that perform specific functions. All of these cells combine to form a tissue. All over the world, there is an abundance of living organisms. Mega biodive
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Tracing Evolutionary Relationships
The transfer of traits from one generation to the next is known as heredity, also known as inheritance or biological inheritance. Whether by asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic makeup of their parents. Variations between people can accumu
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Fossils
A fossil is a preserved remnant, impression, or trace of an animal or plant from a past geologic age by some natural process. Just a small proportion of extinct species have been preserved as fossils, and often only those with a solid skeleton are capable of being preserved. A calcareous skeleton or
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Evolution Of Humans - History, Stages, Characteristics, FAQs
Humans, or Homo sapiens, are a species of upright-walking beings known for their cultural diversity, inhabiting the Earth's surface. Believed to have originated in Africa around 315,000 years ago, human evolution is a complex process involving the development of traits such as bipedalism and languag
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Chapter 9 - Light – Reflection and Refraction
Reflection of Light
Reflection or Reflection of light is the process of bouncing back light rays when it strikes the smooth and shiny reflecting surface. It is due to the reflection of light we are able to see ourselves in the Plane mirror. Light from our incident on the plane mirror gets reflected and so we are able t
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Refraction of Light
Refraction is an important term used in the Ray Optics branch of Physics. Refraction of light is defined as the change in direction or the bending of a wave passing from one medium to another due to the change in speed of the wave. Some natural phenomena occurring in nature where refraction of light
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Spherical Mirrors
Spherical mirrors are generally constructed from glass. A spherical surface is a part cut from a hollow sphere. This curved surface of the glass has a silver coating on one side and a polished surface on the other, where the reflection of light takes place. The term "convex mirror" refers to a mirro
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Image Formation by Spherical Mirror
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Image Formation in Convex Mirror
Convex Mirror also called Diverging Mirror is a curved reflective surface that bulges outward. The image formed by a convex mirror is always erect, virtual, and diminished in size. The image formed by a convex mirror is generally formed behind the mirror. In this article, we will understand the mean
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Sign Convention for Spherical Mirrors
Sign Convention for Spherical Mirrors: While studying the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and the formation of images by spherical mirrors, a set of sign conventions are needed to learn that is required to measure the focal length, the distance of the object or image from the mirror, and th
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Mirror Formula and Magnification
The light gets reflected or refracted from the surfaces or medium. Any surface which is polished or in other words shiny always acts like a mirror be it of any kind. The observation of light bouncing off or getting back from the surfaces is termed as reflection. The light after the case of reflectio
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Refractive Index
Refractive Index is a property of any material which is used to define the ratio between the speed of light in a medium to the speed in a vacuum. It is denoted by the symbol μ. When travelling in a medium other than the vacuum light particles are absorbed and re-emit by the medium which slows down t
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Image Formation by Lenses
In optics, a ray is a geometrical representation of the light that is idealized by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wave fronts of actual light and points in the energy flow direction. Rays are used to represent the propagation of light through an optical system by separating the real l
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Lens Sign Convention
A lens in optics is a transparent device with curved surfaces that refract light. It can be converging or diverging based on its shape. The lens sign convention, or Cartesian sign convention, helps determine the nature, size, and position of images formed by lenses accurately. It clarifies the posit
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Lens Formula and Magnification
The light is an electromagnetic, transverse, wave that can be seen or caught by the typical human eye. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through the experiments on diffraction and interference. When these light rays fall onto the lenses then lenses behave depending on the type of lens i
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Power of a lens
Write a program to determine the power of a lens . Power of a lens is its ability to bend light . For a convex lens, the converging ability is defined by power and in a concave lens, the diverging ability . The diopter ( D ) is the unit of measuring power of a lens . The power is defined as the reci
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