Pure Substances in Chemistry are those which consist of only one type of atom or in the case of more than one type of atom they are always combined in a fixed ratio. What we consider as Pure is not a Pure Substance as per the definitions of chemistry. For Example, we consider milk as pure when it has no adulteration however as per definitions of chemistry Milk is not a Pure Substance.
All the matter around us is classified as Pure Substance and Mixture. Pure Substance forms the basis of all the important chemical compounds. In this article, we will learn about the Pure Substance in detail, learning about the properties and types of pure substance and its comparison with mixture.
What is Pure Substance?
Pure substance as we know "Pure" means something that consists of only one type of particle and has a fixed or constant structure. Also, they have properties that can be predicted, that is why they are useful for studying some properties such as melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, and reactivity. These properties make pure substances the base of chemistry because their properties and interactions with other materials can be used for forming new types of matter.
Pure Substance Definition
Pure Substances are those that have constant chemical composition means the composition of pure substances will always be the same. A pure substance has both definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties. To avoid confusion, a pure substance is also known as a “chemical substance”.
Pure Substance Example
Gold, iron, oxygen, Water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide are examples of Pure Substance.
Types of Pure Substances
Pure substance are further divided into two types on basis of chemical composition
Elements are such kind of pure substances which contain atom of only one type and cannot be broken down into more substances while Compound are substances which are made up of more than one atom and can be separated by chemical methods
The details of Elements and Compounds are discussed below:
Also Read, Pure and Impure Substances
Characteristics and Properties of Pure Substance
A pure substance is a single form of matter that has specific chemical and physical properties, allowing it to be identified and utilized distinctly from mixtures. Such substances are pure because they consist entirely of one type of atom or molecule. This intrinsic purity gives them unchanging properties that do not fluctuate with environmental conditions, provided those conditions remain stable.
Consistency in Properties
The uniform composition of pure substances means their properties, such as boiling points, melting points, and density, are constant. For instance, pure water has a boiling point of 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure, and this does not change unless external conditions like pressure are altered.
Examples and Relevance
Elements like gold and silver, and compounds such as salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose), are classic examples of pure substances. These materials are fundamental in both everyday applications and high-precision scientific endeavors. In laboratories, the consistent behavior of pure substances makes them indispensable for experiments needing exact measurements and predictable results.
Utility in Research and Industry
The predictable properties of pure substances allow scientists and engineers to use them to create standards and calibrate equipment. Moreover, their purity is crucial for chemical reactions where the presence of impurities could lead to unwanted side effects or hazardous conditions.
What is a Mixture?
Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances where each substance retains its chemical identity and properties. They do not undergo chemical changes when combined; instead, they form physical blends that can usually be separated by mechanical means.
Types of Mixtures
There are primarily two types of mixtures
- Homogeneous Mixtures: These have a uniform composition throughout. Solutions like salt in water or the air we breathe are perfect examples. The individual components are so thoroughly mixed that they appear as one substance, though they can be separated into their original components through processes like distillation or evaporation.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: These mixtures have a non-uniform composition and the different components can be visually distinguished. A classic example is a mixture of oil and water, or sand mixed with salt. These mixtures can often be separated simply by physical means like filtering or settling.
Prevalence and Importance
Mixtures are everywhere in daily life and industrial processes. Foods, medicines, and even personal care products are typically mixtures. Understanding how to manipulate these mixtures is crucial in fields such as pharmaceuticals, where the efficacy of a drug can depend on the way its various components are combined.
Phases of Pure Substance
The word "phase" refers simply to the state of matter of any pure substance: solid, liquid, or gaseous. Phases depend on temperature and pressure, in most cases. There are primarily three phases of pure substance
- Solid: The molecules of a solid are closely packed in a rigid structure. It has a definite form and volume.
- Liquid: Once the solid hits its melting point, it starts to turn into a liquid. At this stage, the solid does already have a certain volume but takes the form of the container; this level of freedom of molecules is much more than what is found in a solid.
- Gas: If the temperature gets higher than usual, then boiling sets in, and gas is formed. This occurs because gases have no definite shapes and volumes, so they tend to expand, filling up the volume of their container.
Phase Transitions
The transition of one state of matter to another—melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition is called Phase Transition. It is key to a number of industrial operations and nature cycling. The best example is the water cycle, which mostly depends upon the evaporation and condensation of water.
Application in Industries
Critical phase behavior control has an absolute necessity in an industrial setup during vital processes like distillation, for the separation of components on the basis of boiling points, or in cryogenics, where the study of a substance is made at very low temperature in its solid phase.
What are Elements?
An element is type of pure substance that consists only one type of atom in there composition and they cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical methods. An element is the simplest form of matter that has unique properties. There are 118 known elements in the modern periodic table, which are further classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Some examples of elements are gold, oxygen, carbon, iron, and helium .
Types of Elements
Elements can be divided into three types
Metals
Metals are those elements which tend to lose electron from outermost shells to form cation. Metals have following properties
- Luster: Metals often have a shiny appearance due to their ability to reflect light.
- Conductivity: They are excellent conductors of both electricity and heat, making them essential in electrical wiring, electronics, and various applications.
- Malleability and Ductility: Metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets (malleability) and drawn into wires (ductility) without breaking.
- High Melting and Boiling Points: Metals typically have high melting and boiling points, which means they are usually solid at room temperature.
- Density: Most metals are dense materials, meaning they have a high mass per unit volume.
Non-Metals
Non metals are opposite of metals they tend to gain electron to form negative ions to gain stability
- Lack of Luster: A lot of non metals are gases, we know they don't have specific color
- Poor Conductivity: They behave as insulators and cannot conduct electricity
- Brittle: Non-metals are often brittle and may shatter when subjected to mechanical stress.
- Low Melting and Boiling Points: Non-metals tend to have lower melting and boiling points, and many are gases or solids at room temperature.
Learn More, Metals and Non-Metals
Metalloids
Metalloids are like intermediate of metals and non metals because they have properties of both metals and non metals They are often used as semiconductors because they are not like metals which can conduct easily and also not like non metals which cannot conducts some some energy needed to be supplied in case of semiconductor in order to make them conduct electricity.
- Varied Conductivity: Metalloids can exhibit both metallic and non-metallic conductive properties.
- Semiconductor Behavior: Some metalloids, like silicon (Si), are widely used as semiconductors in the electronics industry.
- Mixed Physical States: Metalloids can exist in various states, such as solid, liquid, or gas, depending on conditions.
Must Read, Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
What are Compounds?
Compounds are pure substances which are made of atoms of more than single type or we can say that it consists of two or more elements which are chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Compounds have different properties from there constituent elements and also they can be broken down into simpler substances by certain chemical methods. For example, water is a compound that consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom i.e. in a 2:1 ratio. Also, Water has different properties from elements from which its made.
Types of Compounds
Compounds can be of many types depending on the types of atoms used and the bonds formed among the atoms. A brief classification of compounds is given below:
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds are those in which the backbone of the structure is a hydrocarbon chain or carbon-carbon bond i.e. Organic Compounds mainly comprises of carbon and hydrogen as its parent atom and any other atoms as a substituent. Organic Compounds are basically found in living beings. Example include glucose (C6H12O6), Methane(CH4) etc. The first organic compound prepared in the lab was Urea (NH2CONH2)
Learn More, Classification of Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds are those in which there is no carbon-carbon bond present. Inorganic Compound lacks the presence of hydrocarbon chain. They are mostly present in non living things. Examples include CO2, CaCO3, NH3 etc.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic Compounds are formed by positively and negatively charged ions held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction. They mostly have high melting and boiling points and are found as solids at room temperature. There common everyday examples are (sodium chloride, NaCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds, are also known by molecular compounds, they form by sharing of electrons between atoms and not by complete transfer of electrons i.e. the shared electron revolve in the orbit of both the participating atoms. Unlike Ionic compounds they can exist in various states (solid, liquid, or gas) at room temperature, and they generally have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds. Common everyday examples are water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4).
Metallic Compounds
Metallic compounds are composed of metal atoms arranged in a metallic lattice structure. They consist of metal properties like In these compounds, electrons are shared freely among the metal atoms, and these electrons give rise to high electrical and thermal conductivity. Common examples of metallic compounds include alloys like bronze (copper and tin) and steel (iron and carbon).
Coordination Compounds (Complexes)
Coordination compounds, or complexes, are formed by the coordination of metal ions with surrounding ligands. Ligands are molecules or ions that donate electron pairs to the central metal ion. Coordination compounds are often colorful and play a vital role in fields such as biochemistry and catalysis. Examples include hemoglobin (a complex of iron in the heme group and proteins) and the chlorophyll molecule (a complex containing magnesium).
Properties of Pure Substances
Lets see some basic properties of pure substances for understanding them better
- Definite Composition: Pure substances has a fixed composition, meaning it consists of a specific type and number of atoms or molecules. Like, pure water (H2O) always contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom you can move any part of world pure water will be always H2O.
- Fixed Melting and Boiling Points: Different Pure substances have different melting and boiling points at which they change from one phase to another. These temperatures remain constant and don't change, means each pure substance have fixed melting and boiling point but the pressure must remain same This property allows for the separation and purification of pure substances through techniques like distillation.
- Homogeneity: Pure substances are homogeneous, which are substance which have a uniform composition throughout. So if we take any sample of pure substance, every part has the same properties as any other part.
- Chemical Reactivity: Pure substances have specific chemical properties that can be identified and measured which the chemical reactions possible. These properties tell us about how they interact with other substances, making them important for various chemical reactions.
Applications Pure Substances
Pure substances are very important as they are used in various fields such as chemistry, technology, medicines and as common substances in our everyday life. Lets see some uses of Pure substances
- Elements can be used to make alloys, jewellery, coins, magnets, batteries, catalysts, and many other products.
- We can make medicines, fertilizers, plastics, detergents, fuels, explosives, and many other products with help of compounds
- Pure substances are also used for scientific purposes, such as measuring physical constants, conducting experiments, and testing theories.
- Pure substances are also essential for life of human beings, animals, and plants. Life is possible because of existence of Pure Substances For example, water is a pure substance that is vital for life processes, such as hydration, digestion, respiration, and excretion
Pure Substance and Mixture
We have understand that pure substance is not combination of many atoms and is made up of one kind of element of element or compound while mixture is combination of different substance which are not chemically linked.
Pure Substance and Mixture Example
- Example of Pure Substance include elements like gold, aluminium and compound like water, carbon dioxide are pure substances.
- Example of Mixtures include the substance in which the composition can vary like air, milk, oil and water, etc. are mixtures.
Difference between Pure substance and Mixture
The key differences between pure substance and mixture are listed in the following table:
Characteristics | Mixture | Pure substance |
|---|
Definition | A combination of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically bonded. | A substance that consists of only one type of element or compound. |
|---|
Composition | Can have variable composition, with different substances in different proportions. | Always has a fixed and constant composition. |
|---|
Separation | Components can be separated using physical methods, such as filtration, distillation, or evaporation | Cannot be separated into different substances by physical means. |
|---|
Homogeneity | May be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition). | Homogeneous throughout (uniform composition). |
|---|
Properties | The properties of a mixture are a combination of the properties of its individual components. | Exhibits unique chemical and physical properties that are characteristic of the substance. |
|---|
Chemical Changes | No new substances are formed when components are mixed. | Can undergo chemical reactions to form new substances. |
|---|
Examples | Examples include air (a mixture of gases), salad, and a sand and salt mixture. | Examples include elements like oxygen, compounds like water, and pure metals like gold. |
|---|
Also Check
Sample Questions on Pure Substance
Question 1: Is air a pure substance?
Answer:
No, Air is not a pure substance, its a mixture of gases and dust particles.
Question 2: Is water a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, water is a pure substance in which hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a fix ratio.
Question 3: Is Sugar a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, sugar is a pure substance in which carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a fixed ratio given as C12H22O11
Question 4: Is milk a pure substance?
Answer:
No, milk is not a pure substance. It is a mixture of fat, water and other components
Question 5: Is salt a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, salt is a pure substance in wich Na and Cl are combined in a fixed ratio.
Question 6: Is Gold a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, Gold is a pure substance because it is an element represented as Au.
Question 7: Is Iron a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, Iron is a pure substance because it is an element represented as Fe.
Question 8: Is carbon dioxide a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, carbon dioxide is a pure substance in which carbon and oxygen are combined in a fixed ratio
Question 9: Is oxygen a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, Oxygen a pure substance because it is an element represented by O.
Question 10: Is ice a pure substance?
Answer:
Yes, ice is a pure substance, because it is frozen or solid form of water hence its chemical composition is same as that of water i.e. H2O
Similar Reads
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes 2023-2024 CBSE Class 9 Science Notes for the academic year 2023-2024 serve as a crucial foundation for students' further education. To excel in exams, it is critical to fully comprehend each topic while also thoroughly revising the subject matter. As Class 9 is a crucial period for students, GeeksforGeeks pro
15+ min read
Chapter 1 - Matter in Our Surroundings
Matter is Made of Tiny ParticlesIn our surroundings, we come across different shapes, sizes, heights, structures, and textures. According to scientists everything in this universe is made up of a material called Matter. We can see that matter occupies some space and mass, in another way we can say that matter has some ‘volume’ and
8 min read
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas and PlasmaMatter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are such small that we cannot see them by the naked eye. What ever we see in nature is made up of matter. Different matter exist in different form. These forms are called states of matter. States of MatterState of Matter or Phases of Matter is def
9 min read
Change of State of MatterWhen cubes of ice melt into water or liquid boils into vapor, you may have seen changes in states of matter, but have you ever wondered why the substances change their form? When matter loses or gains energy, it changes its condition. When a substance gains energy, its molecules or atoms move faster
6 min read
EvaporationEvaporation occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. Have you ever noticed that when a glass is left on the counter, the water begins to evaporate? It's evaporation, not thirsty fairies dwelling in your kitchen. Evaporation is the process by which molecules undergo a spontaneous transition from the li
10 min read
Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure
Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules
Laws of Chemical CombinationLaws of Chemical Combination are one of the most fundamental building blocks of the subject of chemistry. As in our surrounding different matter reacts with each other and form various kind of different substances. Laws of Chemical Combination are the collection of laws that explains how these subst
7 min read
What is Atom?Atoms are tiny particles that comprise all the things in the known universe. Atoms of an element are responsible for all chemical reactions occurring in nature. We know that atoms are made up of three fundamental particles namely, ElectronsProtonsNeutronsThese particles are also called subatomic par
8 min read
Difference Between Atom And MoleculeAtoms and Molecules are the basic building blocks of all matter around us. There are some fundamental differences between atoms and molecules but they are essential in understanding the behavior of the world around us. Initially, atoms were thought to be indestructible, i.e. we can not further break
6 min read
Chemical FormulaChemical formula is a way to describe chemical ratios of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule in chemistry. Chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, plus (+), and minus (-) signs, are used to represent the c
6 min read
Molecular MassMolecular Mass is the mass of all the atoms present in a molecule. In ancient India and Greece, philosophers have first given the idea of atoms and deeply studied them. Around 500 BC.Everything around is made up of very small units these units are atoms in the language of science, very small in the
8 min read
Chapter 4 - Structure of the Atom
Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life
What are Living Organisms Made Up of?Robert Hooke discovered the cells in the year 1665. He was examining a thin slice of a cork, he saw that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb with too many little compartments. Then with the microscope, he observed these compartments and called them cells, meaning "little room" in Latin.
7 min read
Plasma Membrane - Definition, Structure, Components, FunctionsThe plasma membrane acts as a protective barrier made of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of the living organism that regulates the movement of subs
4 min read
Cell WallCell wall is the non-living material that protects a cell's outermost layer. It might be firm, elastic, or periodically rigid. It serves as a filtration system as well as structural support and protection for the cell. Cell walls are absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but they are present
7 min read
Nucleus: Structure and FunctionThe nucleus (plural: nuclei) is a double-membraned organelle that is found only in eukaryotic cells. The name nucleus comes from a Latin term that means "nut kernel." The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. It is the first cell organelle that was discovered. The nucleus is responsible fo
7 min read
Cytoplasm - Structure and FunctionCytoplasm is a semi-fluid, gel-like substance found in all living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. It surrounds the cell's organelles and nucleus. It acts as the medium in which various cellular processes like protein synthesis, metabolism, and many chemical reactions take place. The cytoplas
6 min read
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Structure, Types And FunctionsEndoplasmic reticulum is an important cell organelle present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum comprises membranous tubules that are interconnected and carry out major cellular functions like protein synthesis, breakdown of carbohydrates, lipid synthesi
7 min read
Golgi ApparatusGolgi apparatus is an organelle found in most of the eukaryotes. It consists of a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are present one over the other to form the Golgi complex. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles before secretion and therefore plays
4 min read
Lysosomes - Definition, Types, Significance, FunctionsLysosomes are cell organelles that are also known as "suicide bags" or "cell recycling centers" of the cell. Lysosomes function in cellular waste disposal and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes are eukaryotic membrane-bound cell organelles that appear small and spherical. Lysosomes arise f
8 min read
MitochondriaMitochondria is a double membrane organelle present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generates energy in the form of ATP because of which mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse of the cell". In 1857 Albert von Kolliker first discovered the organelle and Carl Benda in 1898 gav
7 min read
What are Plastids? - Class 9 BiologyThe body of all living organisms is made up of cells. Based on the cellular organization, some organisms are made up of single cells which are unicellular, and more than one cell which is multicellular organisms. Single-cell is able to perform all the life processes like gaining food, respiration, e
8 min read
VacuolesVacuole is a cellular organelle that is found in plants, fungi, and some types of protists. In plant cells, it helps in maintaining turgor pressure, contributing to the plant's structural support and rigidity. Vacuoles contain various substances like ions, water, and waste products. It also contribu
5 min read
Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell CycleCell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. It occurs through two distinct processes, mitosis, and meiosis, each having its role in the life cycles of organisms. Mitosis is the division of a cell that produces two identical daughter cells, essential for growt
9 min read
Chapter 6 - Tissues
Meristematic Tissues - Definition, Features, Types, RoleMeristematic tissues are a type of plant tissue that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. These tissues consist of undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Meristematic tissues are mainly found in that part of the p
6 min read
Structure and Types of Animal TissuesAnimal tissue is a group of cells along with intercellular substances that perform one or more functions in the body. The structure of animal tissues depends on their function and location in the body. There are four types of animal tissues; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue which w
6 min read
Permanent Tissues - Diagram, Types Notes Biology Class 9Permanent tissues are a type of plant tissue that has completed its growth and differentiation. They remain in a specialized state throughout the plant's life. These tissues perform specific functions and are responsible for the overall structural growth and function of the plant. There are three ma
7 min read
Epithelial Tissue - Introduction, Characteristics, Types, ImportanceEpithelial tissue is what makes up this part of the animal's anatomy, and it may be found on both the outside and the inside of the body. The body structure of multicellular organisms is more complicated than that of unicellular organisms, in which every important cellular function, such as nutritio
13 min read
Overview and Types of Connective TissueAs their name suggests, connective tissues serve to both support and link the many organs and tissues found throughout the body. They are located in vast quantities all throughout the body, Their genesis may be traced back to the mesoderm(embryo). A few cells that are located in the interfacial netw
13 min read
Muscular TissueMuscular tissue is a type of tissue present in animals that is specialized for contraction and movement. Muscular tissue is one of the four main types of tissues, the others being epithelial, connective, and nervous tissue. Muscular tissue is made up of muscle fibers. There are three types of muscul
5 min read
Nervous Tissue - Definition, Characteristics, Functions, TypesNervous tissue is one of the four types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and muscle tissue. Nervous tissue is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Nervous tissue is present in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves all around the body. Nervous t
6 min read
Chapter 7 - Motion
What is Motion?Motion is defined as the change in the position of an object with respect to time i.e. when an object changes its position according to time it is said to be in the state of motion. Everything in the universe is in a state of continuous motion, for example, the moon revolves around the planets, the
12 min read
Measuring the Rate of MotionWe use general things around us that are moving, like if we see around us, monitor air moving around us, like we have clocks with the hands moving, we all know that day and night is caused because of motion of Earth around the Sun, yet seasons are caused because of it. So we are going to study in de
10 min read
AccelerationAcceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. This implies that if an object’s velocity is increasing or decreasing, then the object is accelerating. Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a Vector quantity. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, acceleratio
9 min read
Equation of Motion by Graphical MethodA famous British scientist Isaac Newton derived three equations of motion that describe the most fundamental concepts of motion of an object. These equations govern the motion of an object in one, two, and three dimensions. These equations are easily used to calculate the values or the expressions f
12 min read
Uniform Circular MotionUniform Circular Motion as the name suggests, is the motion of a moving object with constant speed in a circular path. As we know, motion in a plane only has two coordinates, either x, and y, y and z, or z and x. Except for Projectile motion, circular motion is also an example of motion in a 2-D pla
9 min read
Chapter 8 - Force and Laws of Motion
Balanced and Unbalanced ForcesForces are required to move, turn, shift, release, shut, drive, drag, and so on. When you throw a ball, you are exerting energy on it to propel it through the air. A push or pull is referred to as a force. Forces can cause objects to move, and they can also slow, stop, or change the direction in whi
8 min read
Newton's First Law of MotionBefore the revolutionary ideas of Galileo and Newton, people commonly believed that objects naturally slowed down over time because it was their inherent nature. This assumption stemmed from everyday observations, where things like friction, air resistance, and gravity seemed to slow moving objects.
15+ min read
Mass and InertiaMany events are seen in the field of physics, yet some of them have eluded explanation for a long time. Newton proposed three rules of motion, which became known as Newton's Laws of Motion. These laws were a novel finding in the physical universe, and they were frequently employed to explain situati
8 min read
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and ApplicationsNewton's Second Law of Motion is a fundamental principle that explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. This law is important in understanding the relationship between an object's mass, the force applied to it, and its acceleration.Here, we will learn
15 min read
Newton's Third Law of MotionWhen you jump, you feel the gravitational force pulling you down towards the Earth. But did you know that at the same time, you are exerting an equal force on the Earth? This phenomenon is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion. Newton's Third Law of MotionNewton's Third Law of Motion is a founda
13 min read
Chapter 9 - Gravitation
Gravitational ForceHave you ever wondered why the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around? Or why does the Moon remain in orbit instead of crashing into Earth? If the Earth pulls the Moon and the Moon pulls the Earth, shouldn’t they just come together? What keeps them apart?All these questions can b
11 min read
Free FallThere are always two cases of things falling to the ground. One example is when something is thrown to the ground, such as throwing a ball. At the same time, the other case is when something is dropped to the ground. For example, dropping the ball or accidentally dropping the phone from your hands (
6 min read
Mass and WeightMass and Weight are commonly used in the same manner by the general masses but there are differences between both Mass and Weight, where Mass is the measure of Inertia unlike Weight which is a measure of force acting on a body towards the heavy body. But yet still many people use these two terms int
10 min read
What is Pressure?Have you ever thought about why a needle is so thin, why fence spikes are pointed, or why a hammer's head is flat? It’s all about pressure. Pressure is the force applied to a specific area. A needle’s sharp tip concentrates the force, allowing it to easily pierce fabric. If it were blunt, the force
7 min read
Archimedes PrincipleArchimedes Principle is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, credited to the ancient Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes. According to Archimedes' Principle, when an object is immersed in a fluid the object experiences an upward force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid
12 min read