Check if each element of the given array is the product of exactly K prime numbers

Last Updated : 21 Jun, 2022

Given an array of numbers [Tex]A = \{a\textsubscript{1}, a\textsubscript{2} … a\textsubscript{n}\} [/Tex]and the value of [Tex]k [/Tex], check if each number [Tex]a\textsubscript{i} \in A [/Tex]can be expressed as the product of exactly [Tex]k [/Tex]prime numbers. For every element of the array print ‘YES’ if the condition is satisfied, else print ‘NO’.
Note: Repeating prime numbers may also be considered. For example, if k = 2, then n = 4 (=2*2) is a valid input.
Let’s consider the number 36. 36 can be factorised as 2*2*3*3. Hence, it is the product of 4 prime numbers. If k value is 4, then the output should be YES. For other values of k, output should be NO.
More Examples:

Input: arr[] = {30, 8, 12}, K = 3 Output: YES, YES, YES 30 = 2*3*5 8 = 2*2*2 12 = 2*3*2 Input: arr[] = {30, 16, 32}, k = 5 Output: NO, NO, YES Only 32 can be represented as product of 5 prime numbers.

In this article, we shall check if the given number(s) can be expressed as the product of exactly k prime numbers. The underlying concept that we shall we be using is simply a variation of the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
Recommended: How to construct the Sieve of Eratosthenes

Key Difference: In the Sieve, instead of storing binary values (0 if number not prime, 1 if the number is prime), we can store how many (repeating) prime factors make up that number instead. This modification is done during its construction.

The generalised procedure to create this modified sieve is as follows:

Create an array full of 0’s to store the list of consecutive integers (2, 3, 4 … 10^6).
Let the value of i be set to 2 initially. This is our first prime number.
Loop through all the multiples of i (2*i, 3*i … till 10^6) by storing its value as j. Proceed with steps 3 and 4.
Calculate the number of times j can be factorised using i and store the result into the variable count.
When the number j cannot be further factorised using i, increment the value of Sieve[j] by the count value.
Finally, find the next prime number greater than i in the list of integers. If there is no such number then terminate the process. Else, follow from step 2 again.

Explanation with example:
STEP 1:
The initialised empty sieve array looks as illustrated below. For simplicity’s sake let’s only concentrate on indices 2 through 12. The values stored initially is 0 for all indices.
Now, the first prime number that we will take is 2. This is the value of i.

STEP 2:
Initialise variable j to hold the value of every subsequent multiple of i starting from 2*i, which in this case is 4.

STEP 3:
The third step involves the computation of the prime factorisation of j. More specifically, we are just interested in counting the number of occurrences of i when you factorise j.
The computation procedure is simple. Just divide the value of j with i until you get a number that is not divisible by i. Here, 4 can be divided by 2 twice. 4/2 yields 2 and 2/2 yields 1, which is not divisible by 2 and the loop stops. Hence, we update the value of Sieve[4] with the value of the count variable, which is 2.

STEP 4:
We can proceed with the other elements in a similar fashion. Next, the value of j is 6. 6 can only be divided by 2 once. Hence the value of Sieve[6] is 1.

The final computed Sieve array should look something like this. Note that any index storing the value 0 represents a number that is not the product of 2 or more prime numbers. This includes all prime numbers, 0 and 1.
The second thing to note is that we need to only check

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to check if each element of
// the given array is a product of exactly
// K prime factors
 
#include <iostream>
#define MAX 1000000
using namespace std;
 
// initialise the global sieve array
int Sieve[MAX] = { 0 };
 
// Function to generate Sieve
void constructSieve()
{
    // NOTE: k value is necessarily more than 1
    // hence, 0, 1 and any prime number cannot be
    // represented as product of
    // two or more prime numbers
 
    for (int i = 2; i <= MAX; i++) {
        if (Sieve[i] == 0) {
            for (int j = 2 * i; j <= MAX; j += i) {
                int temp = j;
                while (temp > 1 && temp % i == 0) {
                    Sieve[j]++;
                    temp = temp / i;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if each number of array
// satisfies the given condition
void checkElements(int A[], int n, int k)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (Sieve[A[i]] == k) {
            cout << "YES\n";
        }
        else {
            cout << "NO\n";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // first construct the sieve
    constructSieve();
 
    int k = 3;
    int A[] = { 12, 36, 42, 72 };
    int n = sizeof(A) / sizeof(int);
 
    checkElements(A, n, k);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to check if each element of
// the given array is a product of exactly
// K prime factors
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG 
{
 
    static int MAX = 1000000;
 
    // initialise the global sieve array
    static int[] Sieve = new int[MAX+1];
 
    // Function to generate Sieve
    static void constructSieve() 
    {
        // NOTE: k value is necessarily more than 1
        // hence, 0, 1 and any prime number cannot be
        // represented as product of
        // two or more prime numbers
 
        for (int i = 2; i <= MAX; i++) 
        {
            if (Sieve[i] == 0) 
            {
                for (int j = 2 * i; j <= MAX; j += i)
                {
                    int temp = j;
                    while (temp > 1 && temp % i == 0)
                    {
                        Sieve[j]++;
                        temp = temp / i;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to check if each number of array
    // satisfies the given condition
    static void checkElements(int A[], int n, int k) 
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        {
            if (Sieve[A[i]] == k)
            {
                System.out.println("YES");
            } 
            else
            {
                System.out.println("No");
            }
 
        }
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // first construct the sieve
        constructSieve();
 
        int k = 3;
        int A[] = {12, 36, 42, 72};
        int n = A.length;
 
        checkElements(A, n, k);
    }
}
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

Python3

# Python3 program to check if each element of 
# the given array is a product of exactly 
# K prime factors 
 
MAX = 1000000
 
# initialise the global sieve array 
Sieve = [0]*(MAX + 1) 
 
# Function to generate Sieve 
def constructSieve() :
 
    # NOTE: k value is necessarily more than 1 
    # hence, 0, 1 and any prime number cannot be 
    # represented as product of 
    # two or more prime numbers 
 
    for i in range(2, MAX + 1) :
        if (Sieve[i] == 0) :
            for j in range(2*i, MAX + 1, i) :
                temp = j; 
                while (temp > 1 and temp % i == 0) : 
                    Sieve[j] += 1; 
                    temp = temp // i; 
         
 
# Function to check if each number of array 
# satisfies the given condition 
def checkElements(A, n, k) : 
 
    for i in range(n) : 
        if (Sieve[A[i]] == k) :
            print("YES");
             
        else :
            print("NO"); 
 
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
 
    # first construct the sieve 
    constructSieve(); 
 
    k = 3; 
    A = [ 12, 36, 42, 72 ]; 
    n = len(A); 
 
    checkElements(A, n, k); 
     
# This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

C#

// C# program to check if each element of
// the given array is a product of exactly
// K prime factors
using System;
 
class GFG 
{
 
    static int MAX = 1000000;
 
    // initialise the global sieve array
    static int[] Sieve = new int[MAX+1];
 
    // Function to generate Sieve
    static void constructSieve() 
    {
        // NOTE: k value is necessarily more than 1
        // hence, 0, 1 and any prime number cannot be
        // represented as product of
        // two or more prime numbers
 
        for (int i = 2; i <= MAX; i++) 
        {
            if (Sieve[i] == 0) 
            {
                for (int j = 2 * i; j <= MAX; j += i)
                {
                    int temp = j;
                    while (temp > 1 && temp % i == 0)
                    {
                        Sieve[j]++;
                        temp = temp / i;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to check if each number of array
    // satisfies the given condition
    static void checkElements(int []A, int n, int k) 
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        {
            if (Sieve[A[i]] == k)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("YES");
            } 
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("No");
            }
 
        }
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main()
    {
        // first construct the sieve
        constructSieve();
 
        int k = 3;
        int []A = {12, 36, 42, 72};
        int n = A.Length;
 
        checkElements(A, n, k);
    }
}
 
// This code contributed by anuj_67...

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript program to check if each element of
// the given array is a product of exactly
// K prime factors
 
const MAX = 1000000;
 
// initialise the global sieve array
let Sieve = new Array(MAX).fill(0);
 
// Function to generate Sieve
function constructSieve()
{
    // NOTE: k value is necessarily more than 1
    // hence, 0, 1 and any prime number cannot be
    // represented as product of
    // two or more prime numbers
 
    for (let i = 2; i <= MAX; i++) {
        if (Sieve[i] == 0) {
            for (let j = 2 * i; j <= MAX; j += i) 
            {
                let temp = j;
                while (temp > 1 && temp % i == 0) 
                {
                    Sieve[j]++;
                    temp = parseInt(temp / i);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if each number of array
// satisfies the given condition
function checkElements(A, n, k)
{
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (Sieve[A[i]] == k) {
            document.write("YES<br>");
        }
        else {
            document.write("NO<br>");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
 
    // first construct the sieve
    constructSieve();
 
    let k = 3;
    let A = [ 12, 36, 42, 72 ];
    let n = A.length;
 
    checkElements(A, n, k);
 
</script>

Output:

YES NO YES NO

Time Complexity: O(n*log(logn)), where n is the length of the array A.
Space Complexity: O(MAX), where MAX is 10⁶.

Find the array element having equal count of Prime Numbers on its left and right

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Check if each element of the given array is the product of exactly K prime numbers

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