Check equal frequency of distinct characters in string with 1 or 0 removals

Last Updated : 25 Sep, 2023

Given a string S having lowercase alphabets, the task is to check if all distinct characters in S occurs same number of times by removing 1 or 0 characters from it.

Examples :

Input : string str = “abbca”
Output : Yes
Explanation: We can make it valid by removing “c”

Input : string str = “aabbcd”
Output : No
Explanation: We need to remove at least two characters to make it valid.

Input : string str = “abbccd”
Output : No
Explanation: We are allowed to traverse string only once.

Check equal frequency of distinct characters in string with 1 or 0 removals by Frequency counting:

Use a frequency array that stores frequencies of all characters. Once we have frequencies of all characters in an array, we check if count of total different and non-zero values are not more than 2. Also, one of the counts of two allowed different frequencies must be less than or equal to 2.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

   // C++ program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Assuming only lower case characters
const int CHARS = 26;
 
// To check a string S can be converted to a “valid” string
// by removing less than or equal to one character.
bool isValidString(string str)
{
    int freq[CHARS] = { 0 };
 
    // freq[] : stores the  frequency of each character of a
    // string
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
        freq[str[i] - 'a']++;
 
    // Find first character with non-zero frequency
    int i, freq1 = 0, count_freq1 = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < CHARS; i++) {
        if (freq[i] != 0) {
            freq1 = freq[i];
            count_freq1 = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find a character with frequency different from freq1.
    int j, freq2 = 0, count_freq2 = 0;
    for (j = i + 1; j < CHARS; j++) {
        if (freq[j] != 0) {
            if (freq[j] == freq1)
                count_freq1++;
            else {
                count_freq2 = 1;
                freq2 = freq[j];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If we find a third non-zero frequency or count of
    // both frequencies become more than 1, then return
    // false
    for (int k = j + 1; k < CHARS; k++) {
        if (freq[k] != 0) {
            if (freq[k] == freq1)
                count_freq1++;
            if (freq[k] == freq2)
                count_freq2++;
            else // If we find a third non-zero freq
                return false;
        }
 
        // If counts of both frequencies is more than 1
        if (count_freq1 > 1 && count_freq2 > 1)
            return false;
    }
 
    // Return true if we reach here
    return true;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    char str[] = "abcbc";
 
    if (isValidString(str))
        cout << "YES" << endl;
    else
        cout << "NO" << endl;
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)
 
  

C

   // C program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character.
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
// Assuming only lower case characters
const int CHARS = 26;
 
// To check a string S can be converted to a “valid” string
// by removing less than or equal to one character.
bool isValidString(char str[])
{
    int freq[CHARS];
    for (int i = 0; i < CHARS; i++)
        freq[i] = 0;
 
    // freq[] : stores the  frequency of each character of a
    // string
    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++)
        freq[str[i] - 'a']++;
 
    // Find first character with non-zero frequency
    int i, freq1 = 0, count_freq1 = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < CHARS; i++) {
        if (freq[i] != 0) {
            freq1 = freq[i];
            count_freq1 = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find a character with frequency different from freq1.
    int j, freq2 = 0, count_freq2 = 0;
    for (j = i + 1; j < CHARS; j++) {
        if (freq[j] != 0) {
            if (freq[j] == freq1)
                count_freq1++;
            else {
                count_freq2 = 1;
                freq2 = freq[j];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If we find a third non-zero frequency or count of
    // both frequencies become more than 1, then return
    // false
    for (int k = j + 1; k < CHARS; k++) {
        if (freq[k] != 0) {
            if (freq[k] == freq1)
                count_freq1++;
            if (freq[k] == freq2)
                count_freq2++;
            else // If we find a third non-zero freq
                return false;
        }
 
        // If counts of both frequencies is more than 1
        if (count_freq1 > 1 && count_freq2 > 1)
            return false;
    }
 
    // Return true if we reach here
    return true;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    char str[] = "abcbc";
 
    if (isValidString(str))
        printf("YES\n");
    else
        printf("NO\n");
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)
 
  

Java

   // Java program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character.
public class GFG {
 
    // Assuming only lower case characters
    static int CHARS = 26;
 
    /* To check a string S can be converted to a “valid”
   string by removing less than or equal to one
   character. */
    static boolean isValidString(String str)
    {
        int freq[] = new int[CHARS];
 
        // freq[] : stores the  frequency of each
        // character of a string
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            freq[str.charAt(i) - 'a']++;
        }
 
        // Find first character with non-zero frequency
        int i, freq1 = 0, count_freq1 = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < CHARS; i++) {
            if (freq[i] != 0) {
                freq1 = freq[i];
                count_freq1 = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // Find a character with frequency different
        // from freq1.
        int j, freq2 = 0, count_freq2 = 0;
        for (j = i + 1; j < CHARS; j++) {
            if (freq[j] != 0) {
                if (freq[j] == freq1) {
                    count_freq1++;
                }
                else {
                    count_freq2 = 1;
                    freq2 = freq[j];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
 
        // If we find a third non-zero frequency
        // or count of both frequencies become more
        // than 1, then return false
        for (int k = j + 1; k < CHARS; k++) {
            if (freq[k] != 0) {
                if (freq[k] == freq1) {
                    count_freq1++;
                }
                if (freq[k] == freq2) {
                    count_freq2++;
                }
                else // If we find a third non-zero freq
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
 
            // If counts of both frequencies is more than 1
            if (count_freq1 > 1 && count_freq2 > 1) {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        // Return true if we reach here
        return true;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String str = "abcbc";
 
        if (isValidString(str)) {
            System.out.println("YES");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("NO");
        }
    }
}
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)
 
  

Python3

   # Python 3 program to check if 
# a string can be made
# valid by removing at most 1 character.
 
# Assuming only lower case characters
CHARS = 26
 
# To check a string S can be converted to a “valid”
# string by removing less than or equal to one
# character.
     
def isValidString(str):
 
    freq = [0]*CHARS
 
    # freq[] : stores the frequency of each
    # character of a string
    for i in range(len(str)):
        freq[ord(str[i])-ord('a')] += 1
 
    # Find first character with non-zero frequency
    freq1 = 0
    count_freq1 = 0
    for i in range(CHARS):
     
        if (freq[i] != 0):
         
            freq1 = freq[i]
            count_freq1 = 1
            break
 
    # Find a character with frequency different
    # from freq1.
    freq2 = 0
    count_freq2 = 0
    for j in range(i+1,CHARS):
     
        if (freq[j] != 0):
     
            if (freq[j] == freq1):
                count_freq1 += 1
            else:
             
                count_freq2 = 1
                freq2 = freq[j]
                break
 
    # If we find a third non-zero frequency
    # or count of both frequencies become more
    # than 1, then return false
    for k in range(j+1,CHARS):
     
        if (freq[k] != 0):
         
            if (freq[k] == freq1):
                count_freq1 += 1
            if (freq[k] == freq2):
                count_freq2 += 1
 
            # If we find a third non-zero freq
            else:
                return False
 
        # If counts of both frequencies is more than 1
        if (count_freq1 > 1 and count_freq2 > 1):
            return False
 
    # Return true if we reach here
    return True
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    str= "abcbc"
 
    if (isValidString(str)):
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("NO")
         
# this code is contributed by 
# ChitraNayal
 
  

C#

   // C# program to check if a string can be made 
// valid by removing at most 1 character. 
using System;
public class GFG { 
 
// Assuming only lower case characters 
    static int CHARS = 26; 
 
    /* To check a string S can be converted to a “valid” 
string by removing less than or equal to one 
character. */
    static bool isValidString(String str) { 
        int []freq = new int[CHARS]; 
        int i=0;
        // freq[] : stores the frequency of each 
        // character of a string 
        for ( i= 0; i < str.Length; i++) { 
            freq[str[i] - 'a']++; 
        } 
 
        // Find first character with non-zero frequency 
        int freq1 = 0, count_freq1 = 0; 
        for (i = 0; i < CHARS; i++) { 
            if (freq[i] != 0) { 
                freq1 = freq[i]; 
                count_freq1 = 1; 
                break; 
            } 
        } 
 
        // Find a character with frequency different 
        // from freq1. 
        int j, freq2 = 0, count_freq2 = 0; 
        for (j = i + 1; j < CHARS; j++) { 
            if (freq[j] != 0) { 
                if (freq[j] == freq1) { 
                    count_freq1++; 
                } else { 
                    count_freq2 = 1; 
                    freq2 = freq[j]; 
                    break; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
 
        // If we find a third non-zero frequency 
        // or count of both frequencies become more 
        // than 1, then return false 
        for (int k = j + 1; k < CHARS; k++) { 
            if (freq[k] != 0) { 
                if (freq[k] == freq1) { 
                    count_freq1++; 
                } 
                if (freq[k] == freq2) { 
                    count_freq2++; 
                } else // If we find a third non-zero freq 
                { 
                    return false; 
                } 
            } 
 
            // If counts of both frequencies is more than 1 
            if (count_freq1 > 1 && count_freq2 > 1) { 
                return false; 
            } 
        } 
 
        // Return true if we reach here 
        return true; 
    } 
 
// Driver code 
    public static void Main() { 
        String str = "abcbc"; 
 
        if (isValidString(str)) { 
            Console.WriteLine("YES"); 
        } else { 
            Console.WriteLine("NO"); 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
 
  

Javascript

   <script>
 
// JavaScript program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character.
 
// Assuming only lower case characters
let CHARS = 26;
 
/* To check a string S can be converted to a “valid”
   string by removing less than or equal to one
   character. */
function isValidString(str)
{
    let freq = new Array(CHARS);
    for(let i=0;i<CHARS;i++)
    {
        freq[i]=0;
    }
  
        // freq[] : stores the  frequency of each
        // character of a string
        for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
            freq[str[i].charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]++;
        }
  
        // Find first character with non-zero frequency
        let i, freq1 = 0, count_freq1 = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < CHARS; i++) {
            if (freq[i] != 0) {
                freq1 = freq[i];
                count_freq1 = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
  
        // Find a character with frequency different
        // from freq1.
        let j, freq2 = 0, count_freq2 = 0;
        for (j = i + 1; j < CHARS; j++) {
            if (freq[j] != 0) {
                if (freq[j] == freq1) {
                    count_freq1++;
                } else {
                    count_freq2 = 1;
                    freq2 = freq[j];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
  
        // If we find a third non-zero frequency
        // or count of both frequencies become more
        // than 1, then return false
        for (let k = j + 1; k < CHARS; k++) {
            if (freq[k] != 0) {
                if (freq[k] == freq1) {
                    count_freq1++;
                }
                if (freq[k] == freq2) {
                    count_freq2++;
                } else // If we find a third non-zero freq
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
  
            // If counts of both frequencies is more than 1
            if (count_freq1 > 1 && count_freq2 > 1) {
                return false;
            }
        }
  
        // Return true if we reach here
        return true;
}
 
// Driver code
let str = "abcbc";
  
        if (isValidString(str)) {
            document.write("YES");
        } else {
            document.write("NO");
        }
 
// This code is contributed by ab2127
 
</script>
 
  

Output

YES

Time Complexity: O(N), where N is the length of the given string.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no other extra space is required, so it is a constant.

Check equal frequency of distinct characters in string with 1 or 0 removals using Hashing:

Uses a hashmap to count character frequencies and verifies that there are at most two distinct characters with different frequencies.

Below is the implementation.

C++

   // C++ program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character using hashmap.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// To check a string S can be converted to a variation
// string
bool checkForVariation(string str)
{
    if (str.empty() || str.length() != 0) {
        return true;
    }
    unordered_map<char, int> mapp;
 
    // Run loop from 0 to length of string
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
        mapp[str[i]]++;
    }
 
    // declaration of variables
    bool first = true, second = true;
    int val1 = 0, val2 = 0;
    int countOfVal1 = 0, countOfVal2 = 0;
 
    map<char, int>::iterator itr;
    for (itr = mapp.begin(); itr != mapp.end(); ++itr) {
        int i = itr->first;
 
        // if first is true than countOfVal1 increase
        if (first) {
            val1 = i;
            first = false;
            countOfVal1++;
            continue;
        }
        if (i == val1) {
            countOfVal1++;
            continue;
        }
 
        // if second is true than countOfVal2 increase
        if (second) {
            val2 = i;
            countOfVal2++;
            second = false;
            continue;
        }
 
        if (i == val2) {
            countOfVal2++;
            continue;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    if (countOfVal1 > 1 && countOfVal2 > 1) {
        return false;
    }
    else {
        return true;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    if (checkForVariation("abcbcvf"))
        cout << "true" << endl;
    else
        cout << "false" << endl;
 
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
 
  

Java

   // Java program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character using hashmap.
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class AllCharsWithSameFrequencyWithOneVarAllowed {
     
    // To check a string S can be converted to a variation
    // string 
    public static boolean checkForVariation(String str) {
        if(str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
            return true;
        }
         
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
         
        // Run loop from 0 to length of string
        for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            map.put(str.charAt(i), map.getOrDefault(str.charAt(i), 0) + 1);
        }
        Iterator<Integer> itr = map.values().iterator();
         
        // declaration of variables
        boolean first = true, second = true;
        int val1 = 0, val2 = 0;
        int countOfVal1 = 0, countOfVal2 = 0;
         
        while(itr.hasNext()) {
            int i = itr.next();
             
            // if first is true than countOfVal1 increase
            if(first) {
                val1 = i;
                first = false;
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
             
            if(i == val1) {
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
             
            // if second is true than countOfVal2 increase
            if(second) {
                val2 = i;
                countOfVal2++;
                second = false;
                continue;
            }
             
            if(i == val2) {
                countOfVal2++;
                continue;
            }
             
            return false;
        }
         
        if(countOfVal1 > 1 && countOfVal2 > 1) {
            return false;
        }else {
            return true;
        }
         
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
             
        System.out.println(checkForVariation("abcbc"));
    }
}
 
  

Python3

   # Python program to check if a string can be made 
# valid by removing at most 1 character using hashmap. 
 
# To check a string S can be converted to a variation 
# string
def checkForVariation(strr):
    if(len(strr) == 0):
        return True
     
    mapp = {}
     
    # Run loop from 0 to length of string    
    for i in range(len(strr)):
        if strr[i] in mapp:
            mapp[strr[i]] += 1
        else:
            mapp[strr[i]] = 1
     
    # declaration of variables 
    first = True
    second = True
    val1 = 0
    val2 = 0
    countOfVal1 = 0
    countOfVal2 = 0
     
    for itr in mapp:
        i = itr
         
        # if first is true than countOfVal1 increase 
        if(first):
            val1 = i 
            first = False
            countOfVal1 += 1
            continue
         
        if(i == val1):
            countOfVal1 += 1
            continue
         
        # if second is true than countOfVal2 increase 
        if(second):
            val2 = i 
            countOfVal2 += 1
            second = False
            continue
         
        if(i == val2):
            countOfVal2 += 1
            continue
    if(countOfVal1 > 1 and countOfVal2 > 1):
        return False
     
    else:
        return True
 
# Driver code 
print(checkForVariation("abcbc"))
 
# This code is contributed by rag2127
 
  

C#

   // C# program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character using hashmap.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class AllCharsWithSameFrequencyWithOneVarAllowed 
{
     
    // To check a string S can be converted to a variation
    // string 
    public static bool checkForVariation(String str)
    {
        if(str == null || str.Length != 0)
        {
            return true;
        }
         
        Dictionary<char, int> map = new Dictionary<char, int>();
         
        // Run loop from 0 to length of string
        for(int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
        {
            if(map.ContainsKey(str[i]))
                map[str[i]] = map[str[i]]+1;
            else
                map.Add(str[i], 1);
        }
 
        // declaration of variables
        bool first = true, second = true;
        int val1 = 0, val2 = 0;
        int countOfVal1 = 0, countOfVal2 = 0;
         
        foreach(KeyValuePair<char, int> itr in map)
        {
            int i = itr.Key;
             
            // if first is true than countOfVal1 increase
            if(first) 
            {
                val1 = i;
                first = false;
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
             
            if(i == val1)
            {
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
             
            // if second is true than countOfVal2 increase
            if(second)
            {
                val2 = i;
                countOfVal2++;
                second = false;
                continue;
            }
             
            if(i == val2)
            {
                countOfVal2++;
                continue;
            }
             
            return false;
        }
         
        if(countOfVal1 > 1 && countOfVal2 > 1) 
        {
            return false;
        }
        else
        {
            return true;
        }
         
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
             
        Console.WriteLine(checkForVariation("abcbc"));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
 
  

Javascript

   <script>
 
// JavaScript program to check if a string can be made
// valid by removing at most 1 character using hashmap.
 
 // To check a string S can be converted to a variation
    // string
function checkForVariation(str)
{
    if(str == null || str.length==0) {
            return true;
        }
          
        let map = new Map();
          
        // Run loop from 0 to length of string
        for(let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
            if(!map.has(str[i]))
                map.set(str[i],0);
            map.set(str[i], map.get(str[i]) + 1);
        }
         
          
        // declaration of variables
        let first = true, second = true;
        let val1 = 0, val2 = 0;
        let countOfVal1 = 0, countOfVal2 = 0;
          
        for(let [key, value] of map.entries()) {
            let i = value;
              
            // if first is true than countOfVal1 increase
            if(first) {
                val1 = i;
                first = false;
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
              
            if(i == val1) {
                countOfVal1++;
                continue;
            }
              
            // if second is true than countOfVal2 increase
            if(second) {
                val2 = i;
                countOfVal2++;
                second = false;
                continue;
            }
              
            if(i == val2) {
                countOfVal2++;
                continue;
            }
              
            return false;
        }
          
        if(countOfVal1 > 1 && countOfVal2 > 1) {
            return false;
        }else {
            return true;
        }
}
 
 // Driver code
document.write(checkForVariation("abcbc"));
 
 
// This code is contributed by patel2127
 
</script>
 
  

Output

true

Time Complexity: O(N), where N is the length of the given string.
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Check if number of distinct characters in 2 Strings can be made equal

Nishant_singh(pintu)

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Article Tags :

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Strings

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