CBSE Class 9 Science Notes 2023-2024
Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2025
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes for the academic year 2023-2024 serve as a crucial foundation for students' further education. To excel in exams, it is critical to fully comprehend each topic while also thoroughly revising the subject matter. As Class 9 is a crucial period for students, GeeksforGeeks provides precisely crafted revision notes to help students be productive and well-prepared for their CBSE Class 9 Science Exam. The Class 9 science notes provide information on all of the relevant formulas, graphs, and equations, presented in an easy-to-understand language and manner.
CBSE Class 9 Science chapter notes will help students secure good marks as well as an understanding of the fundamental concepts of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Hence, these chapter-wise notes provided by GeeksforGeeks gave a crisp and clear explanation of all the important topics mentioned in the updated CBSE Class 9 Science Syllabus. All required formulas, graphs, and equations are provided in the most concise manner possible for easier understanding.
Check these CBSE Notes to learn and revise all the important concepts and their explanations for each topic covered in all chapters quickly. Furthermore, the CBSE Class 9 notes accessible on our website primarily align with the directives of the CBSE and NCERT syllabus. These notes help students as revision notes for the coming board examination.
Class 9 Science NotesCBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 1 Matter In Our Surroundings
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 1 Notes. This is especially useful for class 9 students who want to study more about different types of particle matter that we see and use in our daily lives.
The elements of matter, the five states of matter, the effect of temperature on the matter, plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), and essential measurement units are discussed in this chapter. Students should practice sample problems provided after each article while studying CBSE 9 notes for this chapter.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 2 Is Matter around us Pure
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 2 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about matter, which is made up of two primary particles known as leptons and quarks. The matter is classified into two types: pure material and mixes. While pure substances are formed of a single type of particle, mixtures are composed of more than one type of particle.
This science chapter helps to study pure and impure substances, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, different forms of solutions and alloys, concentration, suspension, and different types of colloids in this chapter. You’ll find a succinct explanation of the chapter, as well as a suitable number of examples and illustrations where needed, in these notes.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 3 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about atoms and molecules. Atoms and molecules play an important role in chemical reactions.
An atom is a tiny piece of matter that possesses the characteristics of an element. Some atoms exist independently of one another by producing ions and molecules. Molecules are produced when one or more atoms establish chemical bonds. It is the element's smallest component that shows its qualities. Molecules can be produced through chemical bonding between two or more atoms. This science revision note thoroughly describes the atoms and molecules.
Introduction to Atom, Atomic Structure, Rutherford’s Experiment, Bohr Model of Atom, Hydrogen atom in different energy levels, Quantum Numbers, and their types are all covered in this chapter. This chapter’s free revision notes will help you cover all of the major topics for CBSE 9th-grade exams.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 4 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about the structure of the atom. An atom is the smallest unit of a substance that preserves all of an element's chemical characteristics. Molecules are created by combining atoms, which then join to form solids, liquids, or gases.
According to the structure of an atom class 9 notes, an atom has two regions: a nucleus that forms the centre of the atom and includes neutrons and protons, and an outside area that keeps the electron in its orbit around the nucleus. Neutrons have a negative charge equivalent to a proton's positive charge.
This science revision note introduces the constituents of a nucleus, isotopes of elements, atomic number, mass number, and nuclear reactions are discussed in the online revision notes for this chapter. Students will be able to use free online notes, which are only available at GeeksforGeeks.
- What is an Atom? Definition, Structure, Parts
- Composition of an Atom
- Charged Particles in Matter
- Discovery of Electrons
- What is a Proton? Definition, Discovery, Characteristics
- Neutron – Discovery, Definition, Characteristics, Applications
- Thomson’s Atomic Model
- Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
- Atomic Nucleus – Definition, Structure, Discovery, Characteristics
- Rutherford’s Atomic Model
- Drawbacks of Rutherford’s Atomic Model
- How did Neil Bohr explained the Stability of Atom?
- Bohr’s Model of an Atom
- Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Relation Between Mass Number and Atomic Number
- Arrangement of Electrons in the Atoms
- Electronic Configuration of Elements
- Potassium and Calcium – Atomic Structure, Chemical Properties, Uses
- Valence Electrons
- Noble Gas
- What is meant by Chemical Combination?
- Valency and Valence Electrons: Definition, Examples, and Relation
- Difference between Electrovalency and Covalency
- What are Isotopes?
- Why do all the Isotopes of an Element have similar Chemical Properties?
- Why Isotopes have different Physical Properties?
- What is Fractional Atomic Mass?
- Radioactive Isotopes – Definition, Properties, Uses
- What are Isotopes?
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 5 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about the fundamentals unit of life. The smallest functional unit of life is a cell, discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. A cell can independently perform all necessary activities to sustain life. Hence cell is the basic unit of life. There are two types of cells plant cells and animal cells. We’re going to cover cells in this science revision note.
This chapter’s notes for Class 9 provide an introduction to prokaryotic cells, their size, motility, cell adhesion, and varieties of bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative). CBSE students must these articles to revise their Class 9 biology notes for their exams.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 6 Tissues
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 6 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about Tissues. Tissues are a group of cells that combine together to perform a particular function. Understand more about tissue in this science chapter.
These Class 9 biology chapter revision notes will help you focus on the many types of cells, tissues, and organs. These free notes are more effective than CBSE books since they include sample questions and use easy language.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 7 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about Diversity in Living Organisms. The revision notes cover all the important topics such as Introduction to Taxonomy, Hierarchy of classification, Nomenclature, 5 Kingdom classification, etc. Going through these notes will provide an overview of the complete chapter in short form. This topic’s class 9 science revision notes also cover Groupsevolution, the Hardy-Weinberg law, natural selection, human evolution, and more. Class 9 biology notes are accessible for free download to assist you in comprehending complicated topics in simple language.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 8 Motion
When you walk or run, what do you think is the reason behind this action? In this science chapter, we’re going to study how Motion helps us and the different types of motion that help us move around and that we use in everyday life.
Motion notes for class 9 will help you review kinematics, Newton’s equations of motion, uniform circular motion, centripetal force, and other fundamental dynamics concepts. Class 9 notes can also be used to assess your CBSE exam preparation.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 9 Force and Laws of Motion
Now that you’ve studied motion, let’s move on to force. A force is an effort that changes the state of an object at rest or at motion. It can change an object’s direction and velocity. Force can also change the shape of an object. In this science chapter, we’re going to learn about important concepts such as force, gravitational field, and Newton’s rule of motion are covered in depth in CBSE revision notes on this topic. Students in CBSE 9th grade can use topic-wise notes provided by GeeksforGeeks to test their knowledge and practice sample problems.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 10 Gravitation
Gravitation is a topic that has been fascinating to scientists and researchers all over the world for years. It was Sir Issac Newton who discovered that gravitation exists. In this scient chapter Gravitation of CBSE 9th Class science revision notes, we will help you in studying concepts such as mass and weight, gravitational field, Earth’s gravity, and Newton’s law of gravitation. Students can evaluate their level of exam preparation by solving sample problems provided at the end of each article at GeeksforGeeks, in addition to notes on this topic.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 11 Work and Energy
When you hear the words like Work and Energy…what do you think first? In science, work is defined as transferring energy into an object so that there is some expulsion. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Work done is always the same. Energy can be of different types such as kinetic and potential energy.
To understand this scientific concept of work energy, read more about the same in CBSE Class 9 Science notes. Work done by a constant force, Gravitational potential energy, Kinetic energy, Elastic potential energy, and other concepts will be covered in this science topic’s revision notes. Students can improve their preparation level with the help of online class 9 science revision notes along with the sample problems provided at the end of each article at GeeksforGeeks.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 12 Sound
When you hear a sound, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? How is this sound produced? What are the characteristics of sound? You’ll get the answer to these questions in CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 5 Sound.
Class 9 Science free online sound notes can help you study topics such as sound speed in various mediums, pitch, and frequency, sound intensity, decibel scale, and more. Teachers recommend that students should practice conceptual as well as numerical questions to understand the concepts of Sound as studied in Class 9th better.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 13 Why do we fall ill?
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 13 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about health and why we fall ill. Class 9 students should be aware of how health can affect their state of mind and well-being. A healthy individual is not only physically fit but also mentally healthy. The environment in which a person lives has a direct impact on his health. To be healthy, one should take care of his surroundings and keep them clean.
But, most significantly, food is essential for our growth and development, as mentioned in this science chapter of CBSE Class 9 Biology science revision notes.
An introduction to diseases, classification of diseases, types of bacteria, and their role in causing the infection are included in the free revision notes for the Class 9 biology chapter on diseases. CBSE students are encouraged to read all the articles in this category to understand more about Class 9th Science.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 14 Natural Resources
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 14 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about natural resources. Natural Resources Class 9 notes are all about the environment's natural resources. These are the 3 elements consisting of land, air, and water. The lithosphere is the earth's solid outermost layer. The hydrosphere is the water found on the earth's surface.
Furthermore, Class 9 Science Biology revision notes state that the atmosphere is the air that blankets the planet and shields it from hazardous radiations. Finally, the biosphere is the area that contains all of the biotic and abiotic components. According to Class 9 Science Chapter 14 notes, natural resources include forests, minerals, animals, air, soil, water, and soil.
This chapter’s science revision notes will help you study core concepts such as renewable and nonrenewable natural resources, as well as common natural resource challenges and their environmental impact. You can save time on exam preparation by using free notes from GeeksforGeeks.
CBSE Class 9 Science Notes Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources
In this science note, we’ll be covering science revision notes for Class 9 Biology Chapter 15 Notes. This is very important for class 9 students who wish to learn more about Improvement in Food Resources. We learn in this chapter of the CBSE NCERT Class 9 Science revision note that all living organisms require food. Proteins, carbohydrates, and necessary nutrients are provided by food for proper bodily development, growth, and health.
This chapter also discusses where the raw materials are sourced. It is a fascinating topic, and this chapter provides many insights into the numerous resources for food and sustainable agriculture.
Water resources, food chains, and mass and energy conservation are among the primary topics covered in CBSE notes for this topic in class 9. These biology notes for Class 9 can benefit you in preparing for school exams as well as competitive exams such as NEET.
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CBSE Class 9 Science Notes 2023-2024 CBSE Class 9 Science Notes for the academic year 2023-2024 serve as a crucial foundation for students' further education. To excel in exams, it is critical to fully comprehend each topic while also thoroughly revising the subject matter. As Class 9 is a crucial period for students, GeeksforGeeks pro
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Chapter 1 - Matter in Our Surroundings
Matter is Made of Tiny ParticlesIn our surroundings, we come across different shapes, sizes, heights, structures, and textures. According to scientists everything in this universe is made up of a material called Matter. We can see that matter occupies some space and mass, in another way we can say that matter has some ‘volume’ and
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States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas and PlasmaMatter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are such small that we cannot see them by the naked eye. What ever we see in nature is made up of matter. Different matter exist in different form. These forms are called states of matter. States of MatterState of Matter or Phases of Matter is def
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Change of State of MatterWhen cubes of ice melt into water or liquid boils into vapor, you may have seen changes in states of matter, but have you ever wondered why the substances change their form? When matter loses or gains energy, it changes its condition. When a substance gains energy, its molecules or atoms move faster
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EvaporationEvaporation occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. Have you ever noticed that when a glass is left on the counter, the water begins to evaporate? It's evaporation, not thirsty fairies dwelling in your kitchen. Evaporation is the process by which molecules undergo a spontaneous transition from the li
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Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure
Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules
Laws of Chemical CombinationLaws of Chemical Combination are one of the most fundamental building blocks of the subject of chemistry. As in our surrounding different matter reacts with each other and form various kind of different substances. Laws of Chemical Combination are the collection of laws that explains how these subst
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What is Atom?Atoms are tiny particles that comprise all the things in the known universe. Atoms of an element are responsible for all chemical reactions occurring in nature. We know that atoms are made up of three fundamental particles namely, ElectronsProtonsNeutronsThese particles are also called subatomic par
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Difference Between Atom And MoleculeAtoms and Molecules are the basic building blocks of all matter around us. There are some fundamental differences between atoms and molecules but they are essential in understanding the behavior of the world around us. Initially, atoms were thought to be indestructible, i.e. we can not further break
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Chemical FormulaChemical formula is a way to describe chemical ratios of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule in chemistry. Chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, plus (+), and minus (-) signs, are used to represent the c
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Molecular MassMolecular Mass is the mass of all the atoms present in a molecule. In ancient India and Greece, philosophers have first given the idea of atoms and deeply studied them. Around 500 BC.Everything around is made up of very small units these units are atoms in the language of science, very small in the
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Chapter 4 - Structure of the Atom
Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life
What are Living Organisms Made Up of?Robert Hooke discovered the cells in the year 1665. He was examining a thin slice of a cork, he saw that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb with too many little compartments. Then with the microscope, he observed these compartments and called them cells, meaning "little room" in Latin.
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Plasma Membrane - Definition, Structure, Components, FunctionsThe plasma membrane acts as a protective barrier made of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of the living organism that regulates the movement of subs
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Cell WallCell wall is the non-living material that protects a cell's outermost layer. It might be firm, elastic, or periodically rigid. It serves as a filtration system as well as structural support and protection for the cell. Cell walls are absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but they are present
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Nucleus: Structure and FunctionThe nucleus (plural: nuclei) is a double-membraned organelle that is found only in eukaryotic cells. The name nucleus comes from a Latin term that means "nut kernel." The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. It is the first cell organelle that was discovered. The nucleus is responsible fo
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Cytoplasm - Structure and FunctionCytoplasm is a semi-fluid, gel-like substance found in all living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. It surrounds the cell's organelles and nucleus. It acts as the medium in which various cellular processes like protein synthesis, metabolism, and many chemical reactions take place. The cytoplas
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Endoplasmic Reticulum - Structure, Types And FunctionsEndoplasmic reticulum is an important cell organelle present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum comprises membranous tubules that are interconnected and carry out major cellular functions like protein synthesis, breakdown of carbohydrates, lipid synthesi
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Golgi ApparatusGolgi apparatus is an organelle found in most of the eukaryotes. It consists of a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are present one over the other to form the Golgi complex. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles before secretion and therefore plays
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Lysosomes - Definition, Types, Significance, FunctionsLysosomes are cell organelles that are also known as "suicide bags" or "cell recycling centers" of the cell. Lysosomes function in cellular waste disposal and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes are eukaryotic membrane-bound cell organelles that appear small and spherical. Lysosomes arise f
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MitochondriaMitochondria is a double membrane organelle present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generates energy in the form of ATP because of which mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse of the cell". In 1857 Albert von Kolliker first discovered the organelle and Carl Benda in 1898 gav
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What are Plastids? - Class 9 BiologyThe body of all living organisms is made up of cells. Based on the cellular organization, some organisms are made up of single cells which are unicellular, and more than one cell which is multicellular organisms. Single-cell is able to perform all the life processes like gaining food, respiration, e
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VacuolesVacuole is a cellular organelle that is found in plants, fungi, and some types of protists. In plant cells, it helps in maintaining turgor pressure, contributing to the plant's structural support and rigidity. Vacuoles contain various substances like ions, water, and waste products. It also contribu
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Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell CycleCell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. It occurs through two distinct processes, mitosis, and meiosis, each having its role in the life cycles of organisms. Mitosis is the division of a cell that produces two identical daughter cells, essential for growt
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Chapter 6 - Tissues
Meristematic Tissues - Definition, Features, Types, RoleMeristematic tissues are a type of plant tissue that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. These tissues consist of undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Meristematic tissues are mainly found in that part of the p
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Structure and Types of Animal TissuesAnimal tissue is a group of cells along with intercellular substances that perform one or more functions in the body. The structure of animal tissues depends on their function and location in the body. There are four types of animal tissues; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue which w
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Permanent Tissues - Diagram, Types Notes Biology Class 9Permanent tissues are a type of plant tissue that has completed its growth and differentiation. They remain in a specialized state throughout the plant's life. These tissues perform specific functions and are responsible for the overall structural growth and function of the plant. There are three ma
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Epithelial Tissue - Introduction, Characteristics, Types, ImportanceEpithelial tissue is what makes up this part of the animal's anatomy, and it may be found on both the outside and the inside of the body. The body structure of multicellular organisms is more complicated than that of unicellular organisms, in which every important cellular function, such as nutritio
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Overview and Types of Connective TissueAs their name suggests, connective tissues serve to both support and link the many organs and tissues found throughout the body. They are located in vast quantities all throughout the body, Their genesis may be traced back to the mesoderm(embryo). A few cells that are located in the interfacial netw
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Muscular TissueMuscular tissue is a type of tissue present in animals that is specialized for contraction and movement. Muscular tissue is one of the four main types of tissues, the others being epithelial, connective, and nervous tissue. Muscular tissue is made up of muscle fibers. There are three types of muscul
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Nervous Tissue - Definition, Characteristics, Functions, TypesNervous tissue is one of the four types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and muscle tissue. Nervous tissue is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Nervous tissue is present in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves all around the body. Nervous t
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Chapter 7 - Motion
What is Motion?Motion is defined as the change in the position of an object with respect to time i.e. when an object changes its position according to time it is said to be in the state of motion. Everything in the universe is in a state of continuous motion, for example, the moon revolves around the planets, the
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Measuring the Rate of MotionWe use general things around us that are moving, like if we see around us, monitor air moving around us, like we have clocks with the hands moving, we all know that day and night is caused because of motion of Earth around the Sun, yet seasons are caused because of it. So we are going to study in de
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AccelerationAcceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. This implies that if an object’s velocity is increasing or decreasing, then the object is accelerating. Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a Vector quantity. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, acceleratio
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Equation of Motion by Graphical MethodA famous British scientist Isaac Newton derived three equations of motion that describe the most fundamental concepts of motion of an object. These equations govern the motion of an object in one, two, and three dimensions. These equations are easily used to calculate the values or the expressions f
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Uniform Circular MotionUniform Circular Motion as the name suggests, is the motion of a moving object with constant speed in a circular path. As we know, motion in a plane only has two coordinates, either x, and y, y and z, or z and x. Except for Projectile motion, circular motion is also an example of motion in a 2-D pla
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Chapter 8 - Force and Laws of Motion
Balanced and Unbalanced ForcesForces are required to move, turn, shift, release, shut, drive, drag, and so on. When you throw a ball, you are exerting energy on it to propel it through the air. A push or pull is referred to as a force. Forces can cause objects to move, and they can also slow, stop, or change the direction in whi
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Newton's First Law of MotionBefore the revolutionary ideas of Galileo and Newton, people commonly believed that objects naturally slowed down over time because it was their inherent nature. This assumption stemmed from everyday observations, where things like friction, air resistance, and gravity seemed to slow moving objects.
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Mass and InertiaMany events are seen in the field of physics, yet some of them have eluded explanation for a long time. Newton proposed three rules of motion, which became known as Newton's Laws of Motion. These laws were a novel finding in the physical universe, and they were frequently employed to explain situati
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Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and ApplicationsNewton's Second Law of Motion is a fundamental principle that explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. This law is important in understanding the relationship between an object's mass, the force applied to it, and its acceleration.Here, we will learn
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Newton's Third Law of MotionWhen you jump, you feel the gravitational force pulling you down towards the Earth. But did you know that at the same time, you are exerting an equal force on the Earth? This phenomenon is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion. Newton's Third Law of MotionNewton's Third Law of Motion is a founda
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Chapter 9 - Gravitation
Gravitational ForceHave you ever wondered why the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around? Or why does the Moon remain in orbit instead of crashing into Earth? If the Earth pulls the Moon and the Moon pulls the Earth, shouldn’t they just come together? What keeps them apart?All these questions can b
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Free FallThere are always two cases of things falling to the ground. One example is when something is thrown to the ground, such as throwing a ball. At the same time, the other case is when something is dropped to the ground. For example, dropping the ball or accidentally dropping the phone from your hands (
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Mass and WeightMass and Weight are commonly used in the same manner by the general masses but there are differences between both Mass and Weight, where Mass is the measure of Inertia unlike Weight which is a measure of force acting on a body towards the heavy body. But yet still many people use these two terms int
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What is Pressure?Have you ever thought about why a needle is so thin, why fence spikes are pointed, or why a hammer's head is flat? It’s all about pressure. Pressure is the force applied to a specific area. A needle’s sharp tip concentrates the force, allowing it to easily pierce fabric. If it were blunt, the force
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Archimedes PrincipleArchimedes Principle is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, credited to the ancient Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes. According to Archimedes' Principle, when an object is immersed in a fluid the object experiences an upward force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid
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