Transpose of a Matrix in C

Last Updated : 31 Jul, 2023

In this article, we will learn how to write a C program to find the transpose of a matrix. The transpose of a matrix is a new matrix formed by interchanging its rows with columns. In simple words, the transpose of A[][] is obtained by changing A[i][j] to A[j][i].

Note: The transpose of an m × n matrix will result in an n × m matrix.

Example

matrix-transpose in c

Algorithm to Find the Transpose of a Matrix

The idea is to run a nested loop and copy the elements of the original matrix A to the resultant matrix B, but with the row and column, indices swapped.

B[i][j] = A[j][i]

C Program to Find the Transpose of a Square Matrix

The below program finds the transpose of A[][] and stores the result in B[][], we can change N for different dimensions.

C

   // C Program to find transpose 
// of a square matrix 
#include <stdio.h> 
#define N 4 
  
// This function stores transpose 
// of A[][] in B[][] 
void transpose(int A[][N], int B[][N]) 
{ 
    int i, j; 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
            // Assigns the transpose of element A[j][i] to 
            // B[i][j] 
            B[i][j] = A[j][i]; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int A[N][N] = { { 1, 1, 1, 1 }, 
                    { 2, 2, 2, 2 }, 
                    { 3, 3, 3, 3 }, 
                    { 4, 4, 4, 4 } }; 
  
    int B[N][N], i, j; 
  
    transpose(A, B); 
  
    printf("Result matrix is \n"); 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { 
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++) 
            printf("%d ", B[i][j]); 
        printf("\n"); 
    } 
  
    return 0; 
}
 
  

Output

Result matrix is   1 2 3 4   1 2 3 4   1 2 3 4   1 2 3 4

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: O(n²)
Auxiliary Space: O(n²)

C Program to find Transpose of a Rectangular Matrix

The below program finds the transpose of A[][] and stores the result in B[][].

C

   // C program to find transpose 
// of a rectangular matrix 
#include <stdio.h> 
#define M 3 
#define N 4 
  
// This function stores transpose 
// of A[][] in B[][] 
void transpose(int A[][N], int B[][M]) 
{ 
    int i, j; 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) 
        for (j = 0; j < M; j++) 
            B[i][j] = A[j][i]; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int A[M][N] = { { 1, 1, 1, 1 }, 
                    { 2, 2, 2, 2 }, 
                    { 3, 3, 3, 3 } }; 
  
    // Note dimensions of B[][] 
    int B[N][M], i, j; 
  
    transpose(A, B); 
  
    printf("Result matrix is \n"); 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { 
        for (j = 0; j < M; j++) 
            printf("%d ", B[i][j]); 
        printf("\n"); 
    } 
  
    return 0; 
}
 
  

Output

Result matrix is   1 2 3   1 2 3   1 2 3   1 2 3

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: O(n*m)
Auxiliary Space: O(n*m)

Please refer complete article on Program to find the transpose of a matrix for more details!

C Program to Find Determinant of a Matrix

kartik

Improve

Article Tags :

C Programs

Similar Reads

Add Matrix in C

Matrices are the collection of numbers arranged in order of rows and columns. In this article, we will learn to write a C program for the addition of two matrices. The idea is to use two nested loops to iterate over each element of the matrices. The addition operation is performed by adding the corr

4 min read

C Program to Find Determinant of a Matrix

What is the Determinant of a Matrix? The determinant of a Matrix is a special number that is defined only for square matrices (matrices that have the same number of rows and columns). A determinant is used at many places in calculus and other matrices related to algebra, it actually represents the m

7 min read

C Program To Find Normal and Trace of Matrix

Here, we will see how to write a C program to find the normal and trace of a matrix. Below are the examples: Input: mat[][] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};Output: Normal = 16Trace = 15 Explanation: Normal = sqrt(1*1+ 2*2 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 5*5 + 6*6 + 7*7 + 8*8 + 9*9) = 16Trace = 1+5+9 = 15 Input: m

2 min read

Matrix Multiplication in C

A matrix is a collection of numbers organized in rows and columns, represented by a two-dimensional array in C. Matrices can either be square or rectangular. In this article, we will learn the multiplication of two matrices in the C programming language. ExampleInput: mat1[][] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} mat

3 min read

C Program for Identity Matrix

Introduction to Identity Matrix : The dictionary definition of an Identity Matrix is a square matrix in which all the elements of the principal or main diagonal are 1's and all other elements are zeros. In the below image, every matrix is an Identity Matrix. In linear algebra, this is sometimes call

2 min read

C Program to Print Boundary Elements of a Matrix

Here, we will print the boundary elements of a matrix using a C program: Input : 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Output : 1 2 3 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 4Approach:Traverse the matrix from start to end.Assign an outer loop to point to the row and the inner row to traverse the elements of the row.if the elemen

2 min read

C Program to Interchange Two Random Rows in a Matrix

In this article, we will write a C program to interchange two random rows in a matrix. Below are the inputs that will be taken from the user: The number of rows & columns in the matrixThe elements in the matrixThe rows that will be interchanged Examples: Input: rows = 3, columns = 3 arr[i, j] =

2 min read

How to access elements of a Square Matrix

A square matrix is a matrix which includes elements in the form of Rows and Columns. Below is an example of a 5x5 matrix. A Matrix is accessed by: Matrix_Name[row_index][column_index] Below are the various ways to access a Square Matrix in different forms: Elements on the main diagonal Approach: row

15+ min read

C Program to Compute the Sum of Diagonals of a Matrix

Here, we will compute the sum of diagonals of a Matrix using the following 3 methods: Using Conditional statementsTaking Custom Input from the user whilst using Conditional StatementsUsing Functions We will keep the same input in all the mentioned approaches and get an output accordingly. Input:Â Th

5 min read

C Program to Traverse a Multi-Dimensional Array

Write a C program to traverse a given multi-dimensional array that contains N elements. Examples Input: arr[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Input: arr[3][2] = {{-1, -2}, {0, 3}, {5, 7}}Output: -1 -2 0 3 5 7 Different Ways to Traverse a Multi-Dimensional Array in CThe most common me

3 min read