Skip to content
geeksforgeeks
  • Tutorials
    • Python
    • Java
    • Data Structures & Algorithms
    • ML & Data Science
    • Interview Corner
    • Programming Languages
    • Web Development
    • CS Subjects
    • DevOps And Linux
    • School Learning
    • Practice Coding Problems
  • Courses
    • DSA to Development
    • Get IBM Certification
    • Newly Launched!
      • Master Django Framework
      • Become AWS Certified
    • For Working Professionals
      • Interview 101: DSA & System Design
      • Data Science Training Program
      • JAVA Backend Development (Live)
      • DevOps Engineering (LIVE)
      • Data Structures & Algorithms in Python
    • For Students
      • Placement Preparation Course
      • Data Science (Live)
      • Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced (C++/JAVA)
      • Master Competitive Programming (Live)
      • Full Stack Development with React & Node JS (Live)
    • Full Stack Development
    • Data Science Program
    • All Courses
  • Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Ecology
  • Evolution
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Taxonomy
  • Botany
  • Zoology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Diversity in Life Form
  • Molecular Biology
Open In App
Next Article:
Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell Cycle
Next article icon

Vacuoles

Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2025
Comments
Improve
Suggest changes
Like Article
Like
Report

Vacuole is a cellular organelle that is found in plants, fungi, and some types of protists. In plant cells, it helps in maintaining turgor pressure, contributing to the plant's structural support and rigidity. Vacuoles contain various substances like ions, water, and waste products. It also contributes to essential cellular functions like regulating cell volume, takes part in digestion, and helps in the breakdown of cellular components.

Table of Content

  • Definition of Vacuole
  • What is Vacuole?
  • Diagram of the Vacuole
  • Vacuole Structure
  • Vacuole Functions
  • FAQs on Vacuoles

Definition of Vacuole

A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle composed of fluid filled space. It is responsible for storing various substances and maintaining cell structure.

What is Vacuole?

The term vacuole means "an empty space". Vacuoles are enclosed space that contains water, inorganic and organic molecules, and enzymes in solution. In some cases, they may also contain engulfed solids. Vacuoles are found in almost all eukaryotic species, including animal and plant cells. They are formed from the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles.

Vacuoles have a distinct shape and size, which depends on the components that make up the vacuole. In plants, algae, and fungi, vacuoles protect the cell against self-toxicity. The other function of the vacuole includes controlling osmotic pressure, preserving ion concentration, storing amino acids, preserving cell homeostasis, and carrying out degradation processes. Animal vacuoles are known to carry out various functions such as cell protection, recycling, endocytosis and exocytosis, storage, and maintaining turgor pressure.

Diagram of the Vacuole

The diagram of the vacuole is shown below:

Vacoule

Vacuole Structure

The structure of a vacuole in a cell is described as follows:

  • The vacuole is enclosed by a membrane called the tonoplast. It is made up of phospholipids and proteins and separates the contents of the vacuole from the cytoplasm.
  • The different components like water, ions, pigments, sugars, toxins, and various dissolved substances present inside the vacuole are collectively referred to as cell sap. The sap helps in maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells and storing essential nutrients.
  • The composition of the cell sap within the vacuole differs from that of the surrounding cytoplasmic matrix.
  • Vacuoles can vary in size and shape for example in plant cells, a vacuole occupies most of the cell"s space, while animal cells have smaller and numerous vacuoles.

Vacuole Functions

Protozoa, plants, algae, and fungi all have a vacuole and perform different function in each of them. The different functions of a vacuole are as follows:

Storage

  • Within cell vacuoles stores a variety of substance, including salts, proteins, minerals, and pigments.
  • Protons also forms part of the cell sap within vacuoles, and contributes to the maintenance of an acidic cellular environment.
  • The vacuole help in stabilizing the acidic pH of the interior of the cell by allowing the movement of protons in and out of the vacuole.
  • This proton transport process generates a proton motive force, which increases the movement of nutrients across the vacuole membrane.
  • Vacuoles also act as storage sites for lipids.

Turgor or Hydrostatic Pressure

  • Vacuoles consists of watery fluid like composition which exerts pressure on the cell membrane.
  • The pressure is due to the force applied by the fluid against the cell membrane.
  • Turgor pressure is vital for maintaining the structural integrity of the cell, as it allows the cell to maintain its shape and withstand adverse environmental conditions.

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

Exocytosis
  • Intracellular digestion depend on processes like endocytosis and exocytosis.
  • Endocytosis process involves the uptake of cells dietary substances, and after the process of digestion is complete, waste products are eliminated through exocytosis.
  • Animal vacuoles also take part in the absorption of dietary materials via endocytosis, and waste products are excreted once enzymes break them down.
  • Lysosomes, small vesicles attached to vacuoles, play a key role in producing digestive enzymes that facilitate nutrient absorption and store chemicals absorbed by the organism.
  • Vacuoles are thus recognized for their efficient waste management capabilities as part of intracellular digestion.

Defense

  • Vacuoles act as protective barriers for the cell, protecting it from various potential threats.
  • They play an important role in safeguarding the cell by isolating and, if necessary, eliminating harmful substances.
  • Vacuoles are also involved in the cell's defense against invading microorganisms, with the assistance of lysosomes, which combat bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
  • Furthermore, vacuoles help maintain the cell's internal pH at an acidic level, preventing undesirable changes that could lead to cell contraction or rupture.

Recycling

  • Vacuoles help in the recycling of broken-down proteins. The degraded proteins are both recycled and eliminated by the vacuole.
  • The recycling contributes to the strengthening of the cell and is particularly significant in plant cells.
  • Vacuoles are recognized for their vital role in maintaining an equilibrium between the production and removal of essential cellular components.

Next Article
Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell Cycle

S
swathi23trl7
Improve
Article Tags :
  • School Learning
  • Biology
  • Biology MAQ
  • Cell-Biology

Similar Reads

    CBSE Class 9 Science Notes 2023-2024
    CBSE Class 9 Science Notes for the academic year 2023-2024 serve as a crucial foundation for students' further education. To excel in exams, it is critical to fully comprehend each topic while also thoroughly revising the subject matter. As Class 9 is a crucial period for students, GeeksforGeeks pro
    15+ min read

    Chapter 1 - Matter in Our Surroundings

    Matter is Made of Tiny Particles
    In our surroundings, we come across different shapes, sizes, heights, structures, and textures. According to scientists everything in this universe is made up of a material called Matter. We can see that matter occupies some space and mass, in another way we can say that matter has some ‘volume’ and
    8 min read
    States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma
    Matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are such small that we cannot see them by the naked eye. What ever we see in nature is made up of matter. Different matter exist in different form. These forms are called states of matter. States of MatterState of Matter or Phases of Matter is def
    9 min read
    Change of State of Matter
    When cubes of ice melt into water or liquid boils into vapor, you may have seen changes in states of matter, but have you ever wondered why the substances change their form? When matter loses or gains energy, it changes its condition. When a substance gains energy, its molecules or atoms move faster
    6 min read
    Evaporation
    Evaporation occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. Have you ever noticed that when a glass is left on the counter, the water begins to evaporate? It's evaporation, not thirsty fairies dwelling in your kitchen. Evaporation is the process by which molecules undergo a spontaneous transition from the li
    10 min read

    Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure

    Mixtures
    A mixture is a compound that is made up of two more chemical compounds or substances that do not combine together chemically. It is the physical combination of two or more substances that can retain their individual identities while they are mixed to form solutions, suspensions, or colloids. In this
    6 min read
    Solution: Properties of Solution
    A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is formed of two components: the solute and the solvent. The substance dissolved in the solution is called the solute, whereas the component in which the solute is dissolved is known as a solvent. In this article, we will lear
    10 min read
    Pure Substance
    Pure Substances in Chemistry are those which consist of only one type of atom or in the case of more than one type of atom they are always combined in a fixed ratio. What we consider as Pure is not a Pure Substance as per the definitions of chemistry. For Example, we consider milk as pure when it ha
    15 min read

    Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules

    Laws of Chemical Combination
    Laws of Chemical Combination are one of the most fundamental building blocks of the subject of chemistry. As in our surrounding different matter reacts with each other and form various kind of different substances. Laws of Chemical Combination are the collection of laws that explains how these subst
    7 min read
    What is Atom?
    Atoms are tiny particles that comprise all the things in the known universe. Atoms of an element are responsible for all chemical reactions occurring in nature. We know that atoms are made up of three fundamental particles namely, ElectronsProtonsNeutronsThese particles are also called subatomic par
    8 min read
    Difference Between Atom And Molecule
    Atoms and Molecules are the basic building blocks of all matter around us. There are some fundamental differences between atoms and molecules but they are essential in understanding the behavior of the world around us. Initially, atoms were thought to be indestructible, i.e. we can not further break
    6 min read
    Chemical Formula
    Chemical formula is a way to describe chemical ratios of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule in chemistry. Chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, plus (+), and minus (-) signs, are used to represent the c
    6 min read
    Molecular Mass
    Molecular Mass is the mass of all the atoms present in a molecule. In ancient India and Greece, philosophers have first given the idea of atoms and deeply studied them. Around 500 BC.Everything around is made up of very small units these units are atoms in the language of science, very small in the
    8 min read

    Chapter 4 - Structure of the Atom

    Charged Particles in Matter
    Can we deduce from these actions that rubbing two items together causes them to become electrically charged? The presence of charged particles in an atom was discovered thanks to the efforts of many scientists. By 1900, it was established that the atom was an indivisible particle that contained at l
    8 min read
    Atomic Structure
    Atomic structure is the structure of an atom that consists of a nucleus at the center containing neutrons and protons, while electrons revolve around the nucleus. Atoms are made up of a very tiny, positively charged nucleus that is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The earliest
    15+ min read
    Arrangement of Electrons in the Atoms
    The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed in their atomic orbitals. They follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells are placed in a sequence. This method was suggested by Bohr and Bury. The following rules are followed for writ
    6 min read
    Valency
    Valency of an element is a measure of an atom's ability to combine with other atoms to create molecules or chemical compounds. The characteristics of an element that indicate how many more atoms can join one of its atoms in a covalent bond are known as valence, or valency, in chemistry. The term, wh
    9 min read
    Relation Between Mass Number and Atomic Number
    Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, and they may combine in a variety of ways to produce various substances. You must be aware that all atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. But did you know that the presence of these subatomic particles may explain an element's pro
    8 min read
    Isotopes
    Isotopes are those atoms that are having the same atomic number or the same position in the modern periodic table but with different atomic masses. This difference in atomic mass arises from the different numbers of neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom. As they lie in the same position on the
    8 min read

    Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life

    What are Living Organisms Made Up of?
    Robert Hooke discovered the cells in the year 1665. He was examining a thin slice of a cork, he saw that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb with too many little compartments. Then with the microscope, he observed these compartments and called them cells, meaning "little room" in Latin.
    7 min read
    Plasma Membrane - Definition, Structure, Components, Functions
    The plasma membrane acts as a protective barrier made of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of the living organism that regulates the movement of subs
    4 min read
    Cell Wall
    Cell wall is the non-living material that protects a cell's outermost layer. It might be firm, elastic, or periodically rigid. It serves as a filtration system as well as structural support and protection for the cell. Cell walls are absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but they are present
    7 min read
    Nucleus: Structure and Function
    The nucleus (plural: nuclei) is a double-membraned organelle that is found only in eukaryotic cells. The name nucleus comes from a Latin term that means "nut kernel." The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. It is the first cell organelle that was discovered. The nucleus is responsible fo
    7 min read
    Cytoplasm - Structure and Function
    Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid, gel-like substance found in all living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. It surrounds the cell's organelles and nucleus. It acts as the medium in which various cellular processes like protein synthesis, metabolism, and many chemical reactions take place. The cytoplas
    6 min read
    Endoplasmic Reticulum - Structure, Types And Functions
    Endoplasmic reticulum is an important cell organelle present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum comprises membranous tubules that are interconnected and carry out major cellular functions like protein synthesis, breakdown of carbohydrates, lipid synthesi
    7 min read
    Golgi Apparatus
    Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most of the eukaryotes. It consists of a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are present one over the other to form the Golgi complex. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles before secretion and therefore plays
    4 min read
    Lysosomes - Definition, Types, Significance, Functions
    Lysosomes are cell organelles that are also known as "suicide bags" or "cell recycling centers" of the cell. Lysosomes function in cellular waste disposal and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes are eukaryotic membrane-bound cell organelles that appear small and spherical. Lysosomes arise f
    8 min read
    Mitochondria
    Mitochondria is a double membrane organelle present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generates energy in the form of ATP because of which mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse of the cell". In 1857 Albert von Kolliker first discovered the organelle and Carl Benda in 1898 gav
    7 min read
    What are Plastids? - Class 9 Biology
    The body of all living organisms is made up of cells. Based on the cellular organization, some organisms are made up of single cells which are unicellular, and more than one cell which is multicellular organisms. Single-cell is able to perform all the life processes like gaining food, respiration, e
    8 min read
    Vacuoles
    Vacuole is a cellular organelle that is found in plants, fungi, and some types of protists. In plant cells, it helps in maintaining turgor pressure, contributing to the plant's structural support and rigidity. Vacuoles contain various substances like ions, water, and waste products. It also contribu
    5 min read
    Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell Cycle
    Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. It occurs through two distinct processes, mitosis, and meiosis, each having its role in the life cycles of organisms. Mitosis is the division of a cell that produces two identical daughter cells, essential for growt
    9 min read

    Chapter 6 - Tissues

    Meristematic Tissues - Definition, Features, Types, Role
    Meristematic tissues are a type of plant tissue that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. These tissues consist of undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Meristematic tissues are mainly found in that part of the p
    6 min read
    Structure and Types of Animal Tissues
    Animal tissue is a group of cells along with intercellular substances that perform one or more functions in the body. The structure of animal tissues depends on their function and location in the body. There are four types of animal tissues; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue which w
    6 min read
    Permanent Tissues - Diagram, Types Notes Biology Class 9
    Permanent tissues are a type of plant tissue that has completed its growth and differentiation. They remain in a specialized state throughout the plant's life. These tissues perform specific functions and are responsible for the overall structural growth and function of the plant. There are three ma
    7 min read
    Epithelial Tissue - Introduction, Characteristics, Types, Importance
    Epithelial tissue is what makes up this part of the animal's anatomy, and it may be found on both the outside and the inside of the body. The body structure of multicellular organisms is more complicated than that of unicellular organisms, in which every important cellular function, such as nutritio
    13 min read
    Overview and Types of Connective Tissue
    As their name suggests, connective tissues serve to both support and link the many organs and tissues found throughout the body. They are located in vast quantities all throughout the body, Their genesis may be traced back to the mesoderm(embryo). A few cells that are located in the interfacial netw
    13 min read
    Muscular Tissue
    Muscular tissue is a type of tissue present in animals that is specialized for contraction and movement. Muscular tissue is one of the four main types of tissues, the others being epithelial, connective, and nervous tissue. Muscular tissue is made up of muscle fibers. There are three types of muscul
    5 min read
    Nervous Tissue - Definition, Characteristics, Functions, Types
    Nervous tissue is one of the four types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and muscle tissue. Nervous tissue is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Nervous tissue is present in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves all around the body. Nervous t
    6 min read

    Chapter 7 - Motion

    What is Motion?
    Motion is defined as the change in the position of an object with respect to time i.e. when an object changes its position according to time it is said to be in the state of motion. Everything in the universe is in a state of continuous motion, for example, the moon revolves around the planets, the
    12 min read
    Measuring the Rate of Motion
    We use general things around us that are moving, like if we see around us, monitor air moving around us, like we have clocks with the hands moving, we all know that day and night is caused because of motion of Earth around the Sun, yet seasons are caused because of it. So we are going to study in de
    10 min read
    Acceleration
    Acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. This implies that if an object’s velocity is increasing or decreasing, then the object is accelerating. Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a Vector quantity. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, acceleratio
    9 min read
    Equation of Motion by Graphical Method
    A famous British scientist Isaac Newton derived three equations of motion that describe the most fundamental concepts of motion of an object. These equations govern the motion of an object in one, two, and three dimensions. These equations are easily used to calculate the values or the expressions f
    12 min read
    Uniform Circular Motion
    Uniform Circular Motion as the name suggests, is the motion of a moving object with constant speed in a circular path. As we know, motion in a plane only has two coordinates, either x, and y, y and z, or z and x. Except for Projectile motion, circular motion is also an example of motion in a 2-D pla
    9 min read

    Chapter 8 - Force and Laws of Motion

    Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
    Forces are required to move, turn, shift, release, shut, drive, drag, and so on. When you throw a ball, you are exerting energy on it to propel it through the air. A push or pull is referred to as a force. Forces can cause objects to move, and they can also slow, stop, or change the direction in whi
    8 min read
    Newton's First Law of Motion
    Before the revolutionary ideas of Galileo and Newton, people commonly believed that objects naturally slowed down over time because it was their inherent nature. This assumption stemmed from everyday observations, where things like friction, air resistance, and gravity seemed to slow moving objects.
    15+ min read
    Mass and Inertia
    Many events are seen in the field of physics, yet some of them have eluded explanation for a long time. Newton proposed three rules of motion, which became known as Newton's Laws of Motion. These laws were a novel finding in the physical universe, and they were frequently employed to explain situati
    8 min read
    Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and Applications
    Newton's Second Law of Motion is a fundamental principle that explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. This law is important in understanding the relationship between an object's mass, the force applied to it, and its acceleration.Here, we will learn
    15 min read
    Newton's Third Law of Motion
    When you jump, you feel the gravitational force pulling you down towards the Earth. But did you know that at the same time, you are exerting an equal force on the Earth? This phenomenon is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion. Newton's Third Law of MotionNewton's Third Law of Motion is a founda
    13 min read

    Chapter 9 - Gravitation

    Gravitational Force
    Have you ever wondered why the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around? Or why does the Moon remain in orbit instead of crashing into Earth? If the Earth pulls the Moon and the Moon pulls the Earth, shouldn’t they just come together? What keeps them apart?All these questions can b
    11 min read
    Free Fall
    There are always two cases of things falling to the ground. One example is when something is thrown to the ground, such as throwing a ball. At the same time, the other case is when something is dropped to the ground. For example, dropping the ball or accidentally dropping the phone from your hands (
    6 min read
    Mass and Weight
    Mass and Weight are commonly used in the same manner by the general masses but there are differences between both Mass and Weight, where Mass is the measure of Inertia unlike Weight which is a measure of force acting on a body towards the heavy body. But yet still many people use these two terms int
    10 min read
    What is Pressure?
    Have you ever thought about why a needle is so thin, why fence spikes are pointed, or why a hammer's head is flat? It’s all about pressure. Pressure is the force applied to a specific area. A needle’s sharp tip concentrates the force, allowing it to easily pierce fabric. If it were blunt, the force
    7 min read
    Archimedes Principle
    Archimedes Principle is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, credited to the ancient Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes. According to Archimedes' Principle, when an object is immersed in a fluid the object experiences an upward force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid
    12 min read
geeksforgeeks-footer-logo
Corporate & Communications Address:
A-143, 7th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, Sector- 136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (201305)
Registered Address:
K 061, Tower K, Gulshan Vivante Apartment, Sector 137, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201305
GFG App on Play Store GFG App on App Store
Advertise with us
  • Company
  • About Us
  • Legal
  • Privacy Policy
  • In Media
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise with us
  • GFG Corporate Solution
  • Placement Training Program
  • Languages
  • Python
  • Java
  • C++
  • PHP
  • GoLang
  • SQL
  • R Language
  • Android Tutorial
  • Tutorials Archive
  • DSA
  • Data Structures
  • Algorithms
  • DSA for Beginners
  • Basic DSA Problems
  • DSA Roadmap
  • Top 100 DSA Interview Problems
  • DSA Roadmap by Sandeep Jain
  • All Cheat Sheets
  • Data Science & ML
  • Data Science With Python
  • Data Science For Beginner
  • Machine Learning
  • ML Maths
  • Data Visualisation
  • Pandas
  • NumPy
  • NLP
  • Deep Learning
  • Web Technologies
  • HTML
  • CSS
  • JavaScript
  • TypeScript
  • ReactJS
  • NextJS
  • Bootstrap
  • Web Design
  • Python Tutorial
  • Python Programming Examples
  • Python Projects
  • Python Tkinter
  • Python Web Scraping
  • OpenCV Tutorial
  • Python Interview Question
  • Django
  • Computer Science
  • Operating Systems
  • Computer Network
  • Database Management System
  • Software Engineering
  • Digital Logic Design
  • Engineering Maths
  • Software Development
  • Software Testing
  • DevOps
  • Git
  • Linux
  • AWS
  • Docker
  • Kubernetes
  • Azure
  • GCP
  • DevOps Roadmap
  • System Design
  • High Level Design
  • Low Level Design
  • UML Diagrams
  • Interview Guide
  • Design Patterns
  • OOAD
  • System Design Bootcamp
  • Interview Questions
  • Inteview Preparation
  • Competitive Programming
  • Top DS or Algo for CP
  • Company-Wise Recruitment Process
  • Company-Wise Preparation
  • Aptitude Preparation
  • Puzzles
  • School Subjects
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Social Science
  • English Grammar
  • Commerce
  • World GK
  • GeeksforGeeks Videos
  • DSA
  • Python
  • Java
  • C++
  • Web Development
  • Data Science
  • CS Subjects
@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya Education Private Limited, All rights reserved
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
Lightbox
Improvement
Suggest Changes
Help us improve. Share your suggestions to enhance the article. Contribute your expertise and make a difference in the GeeksforGeeks portal.
geeksforgeeks-suggest-icon
Create Improvement
Enhance the article with your expertise. Contribute to the GeeksforGeeks community and help create better learning resources for all.
geeksforgeeks-improvement-icon
Suggest Changes
min 4 words, max Words Limit:1000

Thank You!

Your suggestions are valuable to us.

What kind of Experience do you want to share?

Interview Experiences
Admission Experiences
Career Journeys
Work Experiences
Campus Experiences
Competitive Exam Experiences