Parts of a Flower and Their Functions Last Updated : 21 Apr, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperm that facilitates sexual reproduction. The 4 main parts of the flower include - sepals, petals, stamens (male parts of the flower), and carpels (female part of the flower). The different parts of the flower have their unique function. The primary function of the flower is reproduction in plants, attracting pollinators for fertilization and producing seeds and fruits. In this article we will study, parts of a flower and their function. Table of Content What is a Flower?Parts of Flower DiagramParts of FlowerWhorls of FlowersCalyxCorollaAndroeciumGynoeciumParts of Flower and FunctionFunctions of FlowerConclusion - Parts of a Flower and Their FunctionsFAQs on Parts of a Flower and Their FunctionsWhat is a Flower?A flower is a reproductive structure found in flowering plants (angiosperms). It consists of two main parts: the male parts of the flower called stamens, which consist of a filament and an anther that produces pollen; and the female reproductive part known as the pistil or carpel, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary where ovules are present. These reproductive parts of flower help in pollination and sexual reproduction. Flowers can be classified into two main categories: complete and incomplete. A complete flower possesses all four whorls of parts—sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. A complete flower consists of two different parts: Vegetative Part and Reproductive Part. On the other hand, an incomplete flower lacks one or more of these structures. Parts of Flower DiagramA well labelled diagram of the parts of the flower is as follows: Diagram of FlowerParts of FlowerThe flower normally has four whorls, which are divided into essential whorl and accessory whorl. Essential whorl comprises gynoecium and androecium whereas Accessory whorl comprises Calyx and Corolla. The different parts of a flower are as follows: Vegetative Part of a FlowerThe vegetative part of a flower includes the sepals and petals, which are primarily involved in protecting the developing bud and attracting pollinators, respectively. These components are not directly related to the reproductive function of the flower but contribute to its overall structure and function. They are defined as follows: Sepal: Sepals are the outermost, usually green, leaf-like structures of a flower that protect the developing bud.Petal: Petals are the typically colorful, modified leaves of a flower that surround the reproductive parts of a flower and help to attract pollinators. Sepal of FlowersReproductive Part of a FlowerThe reproductive part of a flower consists of the stamens and the pistil (or carpel). Stamens are the male reproductive organs, producing pollen containing male gametes. The pistil is the female reproductive organ, containing the stigma, style, and ovary, where the female gametes (ovules) are located. These parts play a central role in pollination and fertilization, ensuring the plant's reproduction. Let's discuss each part in detail. Whorls of FlowersIn a flower, there are mainly four whorls of floral parts. The outermost whorl is the calyx, composed of sepals; the next is the corolla, made up of petals; followed by the androecium, which contains the stamens; and finally, the innermost whorl is the gynoecium, containing the pistil or carpel. These whorls collectively define the reproductive parts of flowers and structure. These four whorls are as follows: CalyxThe outermost green protective whorl of the plant is known as calyx. Unit of the calyx is sepal. The initial layer in the flower structure is calyx. They are said to be modified leaves. Hence, the collection of sepals is called the calyx. The sepal or calyx is green in colour and its chief function is to protect the flower. The calyx may be gamosepalous ( sepals united) or polysepalous (sepals free). It encloses the unopened bud. They perform a protective role for the flower earlier than it opens and afterwards put forth from the base of the flower. Modifications of CalyxSpiny Calyx: When calyx gets modified in the form of spines. These are spiny calyx. Example- Trapa bispinosa (water chestnut) the calyx is spinous in the fruit.Persistent Calyx: When calyx remains attached to the fruit is called the persistent calyx. Example - Brinjal and tomato. Solanaceae family shows persistent calyx.Leafy Calyx: Sometimes calyx converts into a leaf-like structure and is called the leafy calyx. Example- Mussaenda. CorollaCorolla is the second accessory whorl a flower made up of petals. The collection of petals is known as Corolla. It is just beneath the calyx. Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination calyx and corolla together forms the perianth,the non-reproductive portion of the flower. The corolla may be gamopetalous (petals united) or polypetalous (petals free). The corolla part of flower varies greatly in plants with shape and colour. It may be tubular-shaped, funnel-shaped or wheel-shaped. Types of CorollaCruciform: When four petals in a flower are separated. It is a type of polypetalous corolla and is the characteristic of the family Brassicaceae. It is a regular corolla. Hence, the cruciform corolla is found in radish and mustard.Rosaceous: When 5 petals of a flower are spread. Hence, rosaceous corolla is found in roses which have corolla of 5 broad petals.Bell Shaped: Bell-shaped corolla is called campanulate. In this type, the corolla is present in the bell-shaped structure. example - campanula, and physalis.Functions of CorollaPollination: Since corolla is the attractive part of a flower and the petals are brightly coloured .moreover, it releases an aromatic smell which catches the insect's attention like birds, bees, etc those help in the pollination of the flower and is known as pollinating agents.Protection of essential Whorl: Corolla protects the essential whorl i.e androecium and gynoecium ,the reproductive parts of a flower that participate in the fertilisation of the flower to produce fruit.Storage Part: Petals function as the storage house of sugar-rich nectar, attracting pollinating agents .Reproduction: Corolla directly does not take part in pollination but helps to attraction pollinating agents and perform pollination .its main function is to assist in the reproductive process of a plant.reproduction in plants occurs by the method of pollination.Also Read: Types of Pollination AndroeciumThe androecium is an essential whorl of the plant and it is considered as Male Reproductive Organ of the plant. It consists of stamen each of which consists of an anther and filament which produces pollen grain. Collectively the stamens form the androecium. Pollen grains are produced in pollen- sacs. A sterile stamen is called Staminode. It is a sterile flower which cannot participate in reproduction. For example Caesalpinioideae family. When stamens are attached to the petals,the condition is called Epipetalous. Example-Brinjal. or Epiphyllous, when stamens are attached to the perianth. Example: Lily. Function of AndroeciumProduction of Pollen Grains: Its main function is to produce microspores i.e, pollen grains containing male gametes within anther lobe. Androecium serves the purpose of fertilisation in flowering plants.Pollination: Androecium consists of stamens which have 2 parts: anther and filament. anther helps to protect, store and produce pollen grain and the filament holds the anther up. these parts help the pollinating agents to perform pollination.GynoeciumThe gynoecium is the second essential whorl of the plant or the innermost whorl and is considered a Female reproductive organ of the plant. It is surrounded by the androecium. the structural unit of gynoecium is Carpel. It consists of three parts Stigma, Style and Ovary. when more than one carpel is present, they may be free and are called Apocarpous. Example: Rose and lotus. They are termed Syncarpous when carpels are fused. Example: Mustard and tomato. Parts of GynoeciumStigma: Stigma is a receptive surface of gynoecium for receiving pollen grain. it is at the tip of the style.Style: Style is a tube-like structure in which the way of pollen grains move towards the ovary.Ovary: Lower swollen part of gynoecium is known as ovary. The ovary consists of the ovule and within the ovule, embryo sac is present where double fertilisation takes place.Function of GynoeciumFertilization: Fertilisation takes place in the gynoecium. the gynoecium develops into seeds and fruits after fertilisation. Protection: Gynoecium plays an important role in producing and protecting ovules.Parts of Flower and FunctionThe table below shows the flower parts and their functions: Flower Parts Function Receptacles provides support for the floral organs and serves as the attachment point for the other floral parts. Sepals protect the developing flower bud during budding stage Petals attract pollinators like bees, butterflies to aid in pollination Stamens male reproductive part of flower Carpel female reproductive part of flower Functions of FlowerThe function of the flower are as follows: The primary function of a flower is to facilitate the reproduction of the plant by producing seeds through pollination and fertilization.Flowers use their colors, fragrances, and nectar to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, birds, and insects, which aid in the transfer of pollen between flowers.Sepals, the outermost part of a flower, protect the developing bud from damage, harsh weather, and herbivoresFlowers facilitate the process of fertilization by bringing together pollen from the stamens to the stigma of the pistil, allowing for the fusion of male and female gametes.After successful fertilization, flowers develop seeds within the ovary, which can later be dispersed for the growth of new plants.Flowers contribute to biodiversity by supporting a wide range of pollinators and providing essential resources for various species within ecosystems.Some flowers, such as those of fruit-bearing plants, develop into fruits that protect and nourish the seeds, making them more appealing to animals for dispersal.Also Read: Sexual reproduction in plants Conclusion - Parts of a Flower and Their FunctionsIn summary, the parts of flower consists of - sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. Understanding the various parts of a flower provides insight into its essential role in plant reproduction. The colourful petals attract pollinators to help in the process of pollination and sepals provides protection to the developing buds in budding stage. The male reproductive part of flower is called stamen and the female reproductive part is known as carpel. Also Read: Inflorescence Aestivation in Plant: Definition, Types, ExamplesMorphology of Flower – Definition, Structure, Parts, ExamplesThe Role of Sepals in Flower Development and Protection Comment More infoAdvertise with us Next Article Androecium - Definition, Components, Structure, Functions K khushbubhandari9 Follow Improve Article Tags : School Learning Class 11 Biology Biology-Class-11 Plant-Physiology +1 More Similar Reads CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes: CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes cover a wide range of important topics that provide students with a comprehensive understanding of living organisms, their structure, function, and behavior. These notes introduce fundamental concepts like the living world, biological classifi 6 min read Chapter 1: The Living WorldDiversity In The Living WorldEach residing life form will in general share highlights like development, upkeep of homeostasis, propagation, utilization of energy, adaption, and so forth. 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Animalia is additionally arranged into Phyla, Class, Order, Family, and Genus in view of their fundamental and characteristic features. Human embryogenesis is the turn of events and arrangement of the human undeveloped organism (embryo). The four stages of 7 min read Classification of AnimalsThe Classification of animals is based on the different characteristics of the living organism. The animal kingdom is also known as the 'Kingdom Animalia'. The animal classification system divides organisms based on shared traits and evolutionary history. The presence and absence of the notochord fo 9 min read Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera, also known as sponges, is a group of simple aquatic animals that lack true tissues and organs. Animals belonging to the Porifera phylum are the smallest multicellular creatures in the animal kingdom. 'Porifera' word is taken from Latin which means 'pore-bearing species'. 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They are a part of Kingdom Animalia 5 min read Phylum AschelminthesAnimals are those organisms which are eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic in their mode of nutrition. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Except for a few, most animals are mobile. Multicellular animals are often called metazoa and have been divided into two branches: Parazoa and Eumetazoa. 6 min read Phylum AnnelidaAnimals have definite shapes and sizes. They are unbranched except for the sponges. Animals' organs are generally internal, e.g., liver, heart, kidney, lungs, brain, stomach, etc. The growth of an animal's body is limited, and it stops long before death. The growth regions are not localized. They ca 4 min read Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda is the largest phylum in the Kingdom Animalia and it includes insects. Arthropoda makes up more than two-thirds of all known species worldwide. 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The primary f 9 min read Androecium - Definition, Components, Structure, FunctionsReproduction is a biological process in which living organisms produce offspring similar to them. Reproduction is an important event to ensure the continuity of species on earth. In sexual reproduction, there is a chance of evolution due to mutation, linkage, etc. which is necessary for adapting and 9 min read Gynoecium - Definition, Concept, Parts, FunctionsThe female reproductive part of the flower is known as Gynoecium. It is the part that produces ovaries which are later on finally converted into fruit after sexual reproduction. The gynoecium is the inward whorl of the flower. The gynoecium is also referred to as female because they produce the fema 7 min read What is a Fruit?After flowering the structure formed from the ovaries and bearing the seeds in it, such structure of the flower is known as Fruit. Fruit is one of the ways to spreads seeds in flowering plants (Angiosperms). What is a Fruit? Fruit is the structure of a plant former from ovaries after flowering plan 6 min read Structure Of A Dicotyledonous SeedThe study of the physical and external structure of plants is known as the morphology of plants. The morphology of flowering plants includes leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and fruits. Flowering plants are also known as angiosperms. The anatomy of flowering plants includes the organization of cells a 7 min read Structure Of Monocotyledonous SeedThe study of morphology is worried about the investigation of the structure and construction of items. A blooming plant's morphology incorporates the roots, stem, leaves, blossoms, and natural products, paying little mind to which plant it is. Morphology is the part of science worried about the inve 5 min read Semi Technical Description of a Flowering Plant - Class 11 BiologyMorphology refers to the study of forms or external features of an organism. 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A cell is the smallest building block of any organism. A group of cells together forms a tissue, and a group of tissue combine to form 9 min read Why are Xylem and Phloem called Complex Tissues?The xylem and phloem are called complex tissues because they consist of different types of cells with specialized functions working together to transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. This article will give us a detailed answer to the question "Why are Xylem and Phloem called Co 7 min read Epidermal Tissue System: Its Functions and Tissue in PlantThe epidermal tissue system includes several differentiated cell types including epidermal cells, guard cells, subsidiary cells, and epidermal hairs (trichomes). The epidermis tissue system performs numerous functions: such as preventing water loss, regulating gas exchange, secreting metabolic subst 7 min read Difference between Dicot and Monocot RootFlowering plants are also called angiosperms. The anatomy of flowering plants includes the organization of cells and tissues within the bodies of flowering plants. Plants are eukaryotic life forms that are portrayed by their capacity to deliver their own food. They give oxygen, food, and medication 6 min read Monocot and Dicot Stems - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, ExamplesFlowering Plants (Blooming plants) are really characterized into two classes in light of their undeveloped organism, called Monocotyledonous (monocot) plants and Dicotyledonous plants. Allow us to figure out additional about these plants. We can undoubtedly see the underlying similitudes and varieti 3 min read Describe the Internal Structure of a Dorsiventral LeafFlowering plants are also known as angiosperms. The anatomy of flowering plants includes the organization of cells and tissues within the bodies of a flowering plant. Tissues are formed by a group of cells to perform a function. Flowers are known as the reproductive part of the plant since they play 6 min read Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf - Definition, Features, Structure, ExamplesOn account of the isobilateral leaf, the mesophyll tissue in the leaves isn't separated. It consists of either just springy or palisade parenchyma cells. These sorts of leaves are comparative in an appearance on both sides and, subsequently, are called isobilateral kinds of leaves. On account of the 9 min read Secondary GrowthTerm tissue ( French word meaning woven ) was used by N.Grew (1682) the father of plant anatomy. Nageli is regarded as the father of Modern Anatomy. A cell is the functional and structural unit of life. A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin, the same method of development, and function 6 min read Cork CambiumThe study of an organism's internal structure is called anatomy. Histology, or the study of tissue organization and structure, is a component of plant anatomy research. Anatomy reveals the structural adaptation to various settings and reveals the structural differences of various groups of plants. T 6 min read Chapter 7: Structural Organization In AnimalsNCERT Notes of Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in AnimalsNotes on NCERT for Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals: Structural organization in animals refers to the arrangement of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that work together through the division of labour and ensure the survival of the whole body. In this article, yo 8 min read Structural Organization in AnimalsEvery living organism is made up of cells. The basic structural organization of any multicellular living organism is as follows: Cells-Tissue-Organ-Organ System Structural Organization in Animals For a living thing to be called living, it must have a cell. Every organism starts with the fundamental 8 min read Epithelial Tissue - Introduction, Characteristics, Types, ImportanceEpithelial tissue is what makes up this part of the animal's anatomy, and it may be found on both the outside and the inside of the body. The body structure of multicellular organisms is more complicated than that of unicellular organisms, in which every important cellular function, such as nutritio 13 min read Connective Tissue - Definition, Functions, Types, ExamplesThe connective tissue is a type of tissue that supports, binds, or separates other tissues and organs in the body. Understanding the connective tissue type and function helps in learning about the tissue system in organisms. Connective tissue with a fluid matrix such as blood, circulates throughout 10 min read Organ SystemThe cell is the smallest fundamental unit in animals. It is where the structural organization begins. Additionally, tissues are made up of a collection of cells with comparable functions. Organs are created when tissues group together to carry out particular tasks. Cells⇢Tissues⇢Organs⇢Organ system. 7 min read Morphology of EarthwormThe morphology of earthworms can be described as a cylindrical, segmented body covered by a moist cuticle that facilitates respiration through their skin. Understanding the external and internal morphology of earthworms along with other characteristics helps in analyzing their role in soil health, n 4 min read Earthworm AnatomyEarthworms, otherwise called rancher's companion (farmer's friend) comes under the Annelida phylum. Their home is soil and feeds upon the organic matter. Varieties of the organic entity found in India are Pheretima and Lumbricus. They're rosy brown in variety and their body is in a state of an exten 9 min read Morphology of CockroachThe primary association in creatures begins from the littlest key unit—the cell. Furthermore, a gathering of cells that carry out a comparable role structures tissues. At the point when tissues assemble to carry out unambiguous roles, they structure organs. Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ system. W 6 min read Anatomy of CockroachThe basic association in creatures begins from the littlest, critical unit—the cell. The cell is the basic unit of any living organism. Furthermore, a gathering of cells that carry out a comparable role structures tissues. At the point when tissues assemble to carry out unambiguous roles, they struc 6 min read Morphology and Anatomy of FrogsAnimals' structural organization begins with their smallest basic unit, the cell. Additionally, tissues are made up of a collection of cells with comparable functions. Organs are created when tissues come together to carry out particular tasks. Frog Frogs are tailed, carnivorous amphibians that are 6 min read Chapter 8: Cell-The Unit of LifeCell the Unit of Life Class 11 Notes CBSE Biology Chapter 8Class 11 Biology NCERT Notes for Chapter 8 Cell The Unit of Life: Cells are the basic units of life and serve as the building blocks of all living organisms. They differ in structure, composition, and function, but have similarities. The human body is made up of more than trillions of cells. They gi 15+ min read Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their genetic material is present in a nucleoid region. They are normally smaller than eukaryotic cells, with a size range of 0.1 to 5 μm in diameter. Prokaryotic cells for example bacteria and arch 5 min read Cell Envelope - Definition, Classification, Types, FunctionsAll living things are produced using at least one cell. A cell is the most straightforward unit of life and they are liable for keeping a living being alive and working. This prologue to cells is the beginning stage for the area of science that concentrates on the different sorts of cells and how th 7 min read Ribosomes and Inclusion BodiesThe cell is the structural and functional unit of life. The prokaryotic cells constitute bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO( Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms). The size of prokaryotic cells is usually small ( 0.1- 5.0 μm ). It has one envelope organization. In prokaryotes, DNA is naked, 9 min read Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic cells include all the protists, plants, animals, and fungi. It forms the domain Eukaryota and possesses an organized nucleus with a nuclear envelope. Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes. Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles like Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endo 7 min read Cell MembraneThe cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, bounds the cell. The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids. It is a selectively permeable membrane that binds the cell and separates the cell from the outside environment. In this article, we will study cell membrane structure, functio 8 min read Endomembrane System - Overview, Structure, and FunctionsCell is the fundamental and structural unit of all living entity. It is the biological, structural, and functional unit of all plants and animals. cells are the ‘Building Blocks of Life’ or the ‘Basic units of Life’. Organisms made up of a single cell are ‘unicellular’ whereas organisms made up of m 6 min read MitochondriaMitochondria is a double membrane organelle present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generates energy in the form of ATP because of which mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse of the cell". In 1857 Albert von Kolliker first discovered the organelle and Carl Benda in 1898 gav 7 min read Golgi ApparatusGolgi apparatus is an organelle found in most of the eukaryotes. It consists of a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are present one over the other to form the Golgi complex. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles before secretion and therefore plays 4 min read Plastids - Definition, Classification, Structure, FunctionsPlastids are cell organelles that are found in green plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for containing photosynthetic pigments, other coloring pigments, starch, proteins, fats, etc. substances. The credit for the discovery of plastid goes to Ernst Haeckel, however, the proper definition of p 5 min read RibosomesRibosomes are cellular structures responsible for translating genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. They are the site of protein synthesis. The ribosome structure consists of two subunits, a small subunit and a large subun 5 min read Cytoskeleton - Definition, Structure, Components, FunctionsThe cytoskeleton is an elaborate network of associated protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells. In 1903 Nikolai K.Koltsov coined the term cytoskeleton. It is situated between the membrane of the cell and the cell nucleus. What is Cytoskeleton?The cytoskeleton is a complex structure t 6 min read Cilia And Flagella - Definition, Structure, Functions and FAQsCilia and Flagella are cell organelles that enable cells to move or protect themselves from their surroundings. The human eye is unable to see these. The prokaryotic flagella are structurally distinct from the eukaryotic flagella. Cilia and Flagella are extensions that help to move substances around 6 min read What is Nucleus? | Class 11 BiologyThe cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. In biology, the cell has the same central position as that of an atom in the physical sciences. The bodies of living organisms are made up of microscopic units called cells. Cells have evolved a variety of different lifestyles 7 min read Chapter 9: BiomoleculesBiomolecules - Definition, Structure, Classification, ExamplesBiomolecules is a chemical compound found in living organisms. They are the building blocks of life, essential for the functioning of living organisms. Biomolecules include protein, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, and nucleic acids. They vary in size and structure. Biomolecules are crucial for life 8 min read How To Analyze Chemical Composition?Biomolecules can be defined as the carbon-containing intensifies which are available in both living and non-living things. They are engaged with the support and metabolic cycles of living creatures. Every one of the components intensifies, which are available to make up every living animal. Biomolec 4 min read What are Metabolites - Primary and Secondary MetabolitesMetabolites are the intermediate molecules produced during various metabolic processes. Metabolites produced by plants are of two types - primary and secondary metabolites. The metabolites examples are antibiotics, glucose, amino acids, etc. Metabolite functions include signalling molecules, defence 6 min read Biomacromolecules - Definition, Types, Functions, SignificanceBiomolecule, also called biological molecules, is any of various substances that are created by cells and living creatures. Biomolecules have many sizes and designs and play out a huge range of capabilities. The four significant kinds of biomolecules are carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. A 7 min read Proteins - Definition, Structure, Significance, ExamplesBiomolecules seem to be the most important kind of organic molecules since they play a role in the upkeep and metabolic activities of living creatures. These non-living molecules are the true footsoldiers fighting for the sustenance of life, and they play an essential role to lead a healthy life in 11 min read PolysaccharidesPolysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar (monosaccharide) units linked together. They are essential macromolecules in biology and serve various functions in living organisms. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in energy storage, structural support, and cellular recognitio 6 min read Nucleic Acid - Definition, Function, Structure, and TypesThe nucleic acid is an important molecule in living organisms. Nucleic acid functions as the blueprint for genetic information. Understanding the nucleic acid structure and functions helps in deciphering the genetic code, which contains instructions for building and maintaining living organisms. In 9 min read Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, QuaternaryBiomolecules, additionally called natural particles, are any of various substances that are created by cells and living creatures. Biomolecules have many sizes and designs and play out an immense range of capabilities. The four significant sorts of biomolecules are fat, lipids, nucleic acids, and pr 6 min read Metabolic Basis For Living | CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9Biomolecules are the fundamental building blocks of all living things. They work together to promote various biological processes that are required for life. They differ in structure and size. Hydrogen and oxygen are the two most abundant elements in biomolecules. Within the body, living systems syn 7 min read Enzymes - Definition, Structure, Classification, ExamplesEnzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical responses in living organisms. They work by lowering the activation energy needed for a response to do, therefore adding the rate of the response without being consumed themselves. Enzymes play pivotal places in colorful na 11 min read Nature of Enzyme ActionAll the carbon-based compounds that are seen in or produced by living organisms and are necessary to a biological cycle are called biomolecules. Examples of biomolecules include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Even molecules such as metabolites are considered biomolecules. Enzyme 4 min read Mechanism of Enzymes ActionDifferent types of cells, tissue, and other complex organs together form the human body. Our body releases some chemicals for the effective functioning of the body and to improve biological processes such as respiration, digestion, excretion, and a few other metabolic activities to maintain a health 10 min read Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityThe factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators. Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are made up of proteins that are highly specifi 7 min read CofactorsCofactors are non-protein chemical compounds or metallic ions that are essential for an enzyme's biological activity. They can be organic molecules, called coenzymes, or inorganic ions. The cofactor's function is to assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions by stabilizing transition states, enhancing s 5 min read Like