Mass Number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom. We know that an atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons but the mass of the atom is contributed by protons and neutrons as the mass of electrons is very low hence it doesn't contribute to the mass of an atom. In this article, we will learn what is the mass number, the mass number definition, the mass number formula, and the mass number of some commonly known elements.
What is Atomic Number?
Atomic number of an element is the total number of protons that are present in the atom. The atomic number of an atom explains the properties of an element, it is represented using the letter "Z". All the elements are arranged in the periodic table on the basis of their atomic number.
For example,
- Atomic number of oxygen is 8
- Atomic number of carbon is 6
We represent the atomic number as,
- 7Z (Atomic Number of Nitrogen)
What is Mass Number?
Mass Number of an atom also called Atomic Mass Number is the total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom. Rutherford in his gold foil experiment concluded that the mass of the atom is concentrated in a small region called the Nucleus which is positively charged. Later on, it was found that the nucleus consists of two particles Protons and Neutrons. Neutrons and Protons are together called nucleons. Proton is a positively charged subatomic particle while Neutron is a neutral particle. The mass of Proton and Neutron is the same and is equal to 1.67 ⨯10-27 kg. Compared to Proton and Neutron, an electron is 1000 times lighter as the mass of an electron is 9.1 ⨯ 10-31 kg
Mass Number Definition
Mass Number is defined as the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of atoms. It gives the idea of how heavier is the atom of an element.
Mass Number Formula
Mass Number is represented using the letter 'A' and we know that it is the total number of protons and atoms in an atom. Hence, the Mass Number Formula is given as:
Mass Number (A) = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons
Mass Number Example
Some examples of the Mass Number are mentioned below:
Example 1: Hydrogen Atom has 1 proton, and no neutron hence the mass number of hydrogen is 1.
Example 2: Helium has 2 Protons and 2 Neutrons, hence, the mass number of Helium is 4.
Example 3: Sodium has 11 Protons and 12 Neutrons, hence the mass number of sodium is 23.
Mass Number Properties
The Properties of Mass Number are mentioned below:
- Mass Number is sum total of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in an atom.
- The symbol of Mass Number is A.
- Mass Number for an Element can be different for different atoms of the same element. These are called isotopes. Example C-12, C-13 and C-14
- Mass Numbers for two elements can be the same for atoms of two different elements. Such a pair of atoms are called isobars. Examples include Ar-40 and Ca-40 both have the same mass number but different atomic numbers as they are different elements.
How to Find Mass Number?
Mass Number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons present in the mass number. Mass Number can be calculated using the following steps:
Step 1: First look for the Atomic Number of the element as the Atomic Number is equal to the mass number.
Step 2: Now look for the number of neutrons in the atom.
Step 3: Add the Number of Protons i.e. Atomic Number and the number of neutrons to get the Mass Number of the element.
Calculation of Number of Neutrons
The formula used for calculating Mass Number can be modified to calculate the number of protons. We know that mass number is the sum of the number of protons i.e. Atomic Number and the Number of Neutrons. Hence, the Number of Neutrons can be calculated by subtracting Atomic Number from Mass Number.
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Number of Protons
OR
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number
Mass Number of Elements
As we have already learned that Mass Number of an Element is the sum total of the number of protons and neutrons. Mass Number of elements is denoted by the letter 'A'. Let's learn the mass number of some elements.
Mass Number of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the very first element in the modern periodic table. Hydrogen is the most abundant element found in the universe. Hydrogen is denoted by the letter 'H'. The atomic number of Hydrogen is 1. It means it has one proton. But it has no neutrons. Hence, the mass number of hydrogen is 1.
Mass Number of Lithium
Lithium is the first element of the second period in the modern periodic table. The Atomic Number of Lithium is 3. The number of neutrons present in Lithium is 4. Hence, the Mass Number of Lithium is 7.
Mass Number of Carbon
Carbon is one of the most important in the periodic table. It is the main element found in any organic compound. The atomic carbon of Carbon is 6, hence the number of protons in carbon is 6. The number of neutrons in carbon is 6. Hence the mass number of Carbon is 12.
Mass Number of Nitrogen
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas found in the atmosphere. Nitrogen is denoted by the letter 'N'. The atomic number of Nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in Nitrogen is 7. The number of neutrons in Nitrogen is also 7. Thus, the Mass Number of Nitrogen is 14.
Mass Number of Oxygen
Oxygen is an important non-metallic element. Oxygen supports life and combustion. Oxygen is denoted by the letter 'O'. The atomic number of oxygen is 8. Hence, it has 8 protons. Oxygen has also 8 neutrons, hence the mass number of Oxygen is 16.
List of Mass Numbers of First 20 Elements
The mass number and the atomic number of different elements of the periodic table are as follows,
Element | Symbol | Atomic Number (Z) | Mass Number (A) | Number of Protons | Number of Electrons | Number of Neutrons (A-Z) |
|---|
Hydrogen | H | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
|---|
Helium | He | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
|---|
Lithium | Li | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
|---|
Beryllium | Be | 4 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
|---|
Boron | B | 5 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
|---|
Carbon | C | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
|---|
Nitrogen | N | 7 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
|---|
Oxygen | O | 8 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
|---|
Fluorine | F | 9 | 19 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
|---|
Neon | Ne | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
|---|
Sodium | Na | 11 | 23 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
|---|
Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
|---|
Aluminum | Al | 13 | 27 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
|---|
Silicon | Si | 14 | 28 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
|---|
Phosphorus | P | 15 | 31 | 15 | 15 | 16 |
|---|
Sulfur | S | 16 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
|---|
Chlorine | Cl | 17 | 35 | 17 | 17 | 18 |
|---|
Argon | Ar | 18 | 40 | 18 | 18 | 22 |
|---|
Potassium | K | 19 | 39 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
|---|
Calcium | Ca | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
|---|
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom while Mass Number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Atomic Number is denoted by the letter 'Z' and the Mass Number is denoted by the letter 'A'. Atomic Number and Mass Number of an element are different however this is not the case always. In the case of Hydrogen, the Atomic Number and Mass Number both are equal to 1.
In general, the mass number is generally larger than the Atomic Number as the mass number takes account into both numbers of protons and the number of neutrons. Thus Atomic Number differs from the Mass Number by the number of neutrons present in the atom.
Difference between Mass Number(A) and Atomic Number(Z)
The difference between valency, A, and Z is discussed below:
- The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as the valence electrons and their combining capacity to react and form molecules with other atoms of the same or different elements is known as the valency of the atom.
- The valence shell of the atom is the last shell in which electrons fill. It can accommodate 8 electrons and after that, it became chemically inactive and its valency becomes zero.
- Thus the valency of an atom is defined as the number of atoms shared by the valance shell of the electron to achieve its octet state.
- Mass number (A) is the number of nucleons i.e. protons and neutrons that any nucleus of the atom has.
- Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons that any atom has.
Representation of an Atom
The atom of any element is represented by using the English Alphabet and its notation is discussed in the image below,
Atomic Mass vs Mass Number
Atomic Number and Mass Number both indicate the mass of an atom but they have some differences between them. Let's learn the difference between Atomic Mass and Mass Number through the following table:
Atomic Number | Mass Number |
|---|
It is the weighted average of the mass of an atom in the natural stage which also includes its isotopes | It is the total number of protons and neutron present in an atom |
Atomic Mass takes into account all the isotopes that exist | Mass number is calculated differently for different isotopes |
Atomic Mass can be fractional or in decimal | Mass Number is always a whole number |
Unit of Atomic Mass is atomic mass unit. | Mass Number has no units |
Atomic Mass is the same for all the atoms of an element regardless | Mass Number is different for different isotopes |
Also, Check,
Solved Examples on Mass Number
Example 1: Find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons of an atom with Atomic Number (Z) 13 and Mass Number (A) 26.
Solution:
Given,
Z = 13 and A = 26
- Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Z =13
- Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = 13
- Mass Number = Number of Neutrons = A - Z = 26 - 13 = 13
Example 2: Find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons of an atom with atomic number(Z) 19 and mass number(A) 39.
Solution:
For the atom given above,
Number of Protons = Z
= 19
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons
= Z
= 19
Number of Neutrons = A - Z
= 39 - 19
= 20
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Chapter 8 Redox Reactions
Chapter 9 Hydrogen
Dihydrogen - Structure, Properties and ApplicationsThe lightest element is hydrogen. Under normal conditions, hydrogen is a gas composed of diatomic molecules with the formula H2. It is colourless, odourless, non-toxic, and extremely flammable. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, accounting for roughly 75% of all normal m
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Isotopes of HydrogenIsotopes of an atom are variants of the same atom but with different mass numbers. That is if two atoms have the same atomic number but different mass numbers then they are called the isotopes of one another. Various examples of the isotopes are the isotopes of hydrogen, we have three different isot
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HydridesHydride in Chemistry is the name of a compound containing Hydrogen Anion. Hydrides are chemical compounds with one atom of hydrogen and an extra atom. Hence, they are an anion of Hydrogen. An anion is a species that has extra electrons and thus exhibits a negative charge. Thus, hydride (hydrogen ani
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Structure and Properties of WaterWater is a valuable natural resource. Water is essential for the survival of all living things. We can't imagine a world without water. Water is required by animals and plants to complete their daily metabolic activities. Water is required by plants to synthesize their food through the photosynthesi
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Chemical Formula of Water - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample QuestionsHydrogen (H) has unique kind properties that are not like some other component on our planet, close to 66% of our Universe's mass is made out of this unique component. It is both electropositive as well as electronegative, as it structures hydrogen particles (H+)as well as hydride particles (H-). Hy
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Dihydrogen as Fuel - Definition, Uses, ExamplesHydrogen is the first element on the modern periodic table. It has the simplest atomic structure as compared to all other elements. In atomic form, it has one proton and one electron. On the other hand, in elemental form, it exists as a diatomic (H2) molecule called dihydrogen. If Hydrogen loses its
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Chapter 10 S-block Elements
Alkali MetalsAlkali metals are the first group of s-block elements that are found on the leftmost side of the periodic table. Alkali metals are the most electropositive elements on the periodic table as they easily lose electrons. These metals formed various useful compounds with halides, oxygen, and sulfur. Alk
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Characteristics of the Compounds of Alkali MetalsThere are a large number of elements around us having different properties and different uses based on those properties. For using these elements, properties are important so there should be some table to group these elements. This table is known as a periodic table which is created by using the wor
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Anomalous Behavior of Lithium and BerylliumElements are arranged in a periodic table row-wise and column-wise according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. The elements in the first column are known as Group 1 elements which have the following elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, Caesium and Francium. All the
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Some Important Compounds of SodiumSodium is a soft metal, it is the eleventh element in the periodic table. It is represented by the Na symbol and the atomic number of sodium is 11 it belongs to the family of s-block elements in the periodic table. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element. Its amount in the earth's crust is nearly
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What is Sodium Chloride? - Definition, Preparation, Properties, UsesSalt's chemical name is sodium chloride. Sodium is an electrolyte that regulates your body's water content. Sodium is also involved in nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Sodium chloride is a medication used to treat or prevent sodium loss caused by dehydration, excessive sweating, or other fact
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Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals are Group 2 elements which includes a collection of elements Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Barium, Strontium, and Radium, which are soft silver metals with a less metallic quality than Group 1 alkali metals. All the heavier metals in Group II such as Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra, share
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Characteristics of the Compounds of Alkaline Earth MetalsAll the elements that exist in nature are arranged in a periodic table after several years of research work, these are placed in groups and rows based on some predefined criteria. Some elements may not follow the criteria but still, they are placed in the same column or group due to their similariti
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Anomalous Behavior of Lithium and BerylliumElements are arranged in a periodic table row-wise and column-wise according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. The elements in the first column are known as Group 1 elements which have the following elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, Caesium and Francium. All the
8 min read
Some Important Compounds of CalciumCalcium is a reactive alkaline earth metal that when exposed to the air generates a black oxide-nitride coating. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to those of strontium and barium, its heavier homologues. After iron and aluminium, it is the fifth most abundant element in the Eart
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Plaster of ParisPlaster of Paris is a well-known chemical compound that is widely used in sculpting materials and gauze bandages. While we have seen numerous applications of this substance in our daily lives, Plaster of Paris is a white powdered chemical compound that is hydrated calcium sulphate that is typically
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Biological Importance of Alkali and Alkaline Earth MetalsElements are arranged in a periodic table row-wise and column-wise according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. The elements in the first column are known as Group 1 elements which have the following elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, Caesium and Francium. All the
10 min read