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Trio Ȩ - ѱ XHTML 1.0: Extensible HyperText Markup Language
<!main />
XHTML 1.0 ԰ ѱ
ּ ǥϿ Ͽ.
CSS Ͽ ϵ ѱ ǥ κ ణ Ͽ.
W3C ʾ ְ Ͽ.
: Ʈ Trio Ȩ
ٸ ԰
[HTML 4 ԰] [CSS 2 ԰] [CSS 1 ԰] [xml 1.0 ԰]
[ Ӿ ] [ ְ ] [ ] [ ٴ ]
XHTML 1.0

W3C

ѱ XHTML ™ 1.0:
Extensible HyperText Markup Language

HTML 4 XML 1.0 ȿ .

2000 1 26 W3C

:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml1-20000126
( Postscript ȭ, PDF ȭ, ZIP ȭ, Ǵ TAR ȭ)
:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1
:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210
ۼ:
λ .

۱© 2000, W3C ® ( MIT, INRIA, Keio ), Ǹ .
W3C å, ǥ, Ʈ Ģ .

XHTML 1.0 ԰ HTML 4 XML 1.0 ϰ, HTML 4 ǵ DTD ٽ Ѵ. Ʈ(element) ƮƮ(attribute) W3C HTML 4 õȿ ǵ ٿ . XHTML Ȯ强(Ȯ强) ʸ Ѵ. HTML 뵵 뼺(ռ: compatibility)Ʒ ȳ Ͽ ϴ.

׸ ¸ ̴. ٸ ִ. ´ W3C Ͽ ȴ.

W3C ڵ 並 ó, ӿȸ ̹Ƿ οϰ ϴµ ϴ.
W3C õ 뼺 Ǹ , θ ϴ ̴. ̷ μ ɼ ȣ 뼺 ȭѴ.

W3C HTML Ȱ ȯ ۼǾ. HTML ۾ ( ) ǥ HTML Working Group charter( ) Ǿ.

W3C õ ϰ ٸ http://www.w3.org/TR ִ.

HTML ɷ¿ [email protected]( ) ִ. HTML ۾ W3C Dave Raggett̴.

[email protected] ֱ ٶ.

˷ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/REC-xhtml1-20000126-errata ִ.

1. XHTML ̶?

XHTML HTML 4 , ϺμƮ(subset)ϰ Ȯϴ Ÿ(type) (module) ̴. XHTML (family) ŸԵ XML ϰ, ñ XML 뵵 Ͽ ۵ϵ Ǿ. λ׵ ׸񿡼 ϰ ٷ.

XHTML 1.0( ԰) XHTML ù° Ÿ̴. ̴ HTML 4 ŸԵ XML 1.0 (XML) ۼ ̴. ̴ XML ԰ݿ ´ Ͱ Բ, ȳ , HTML 4 ԰ݿ ´ 뵵鿡 ϵ ǵϿ. XHTML 1.0 ()ϴ ڵ Ʒ ̴:

  • XHTML XML ԰ݿ ´´. ǥ XML 鼭 , ǰ, ȿ ȴ.
  • XHTML HTML 4 ԰ݿ ´ 뵵 ο XHTML 1.0 ԰ݿ ´ 뵵鿡 ۵ ִ.
  • XHTML ũƮ(script) ÷(applet) HTMLƮ XML Ʈ([DOM] Document Object Model) ϴ 鿡 Ȱ ִ.
  • XHTML ߴ Կ , ̸ ϰ XHTML ȯ濡 ´ XHTML 1.0 ԰ݿ ´ ɼ .

XHTML (family) ͳ ̴ܰ. ó XHTML , (content) ߵ, 뼺(compatibility) Ȯ 鼭, 鿡 XML ִ ִ.

1.1 HTML 4 ̶?

HTML 4 ǥ ISO 8879 ԰ݿ °, ̵(World Wide Web) ǥ ۼ θ Ǵ ϳ SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) ̴.

SGML ũ  ̸, Ư ȯ, , (Խ) ȴ. HTML SGML ϳ ̴.

SGML 1980 ߹ ǥǾ ȭ ״ ִ. κ dz ɰ ź() ٰ ΰ ִ. ׷, ź¼ 밡 ⼺ ̵ ȯ濡 Ͽ Դ.

HTML ó а ٸ ȯϱ , ϱ ϴ. HTML ܼ ۼϱ ϰ ±׵ μ, SGML ⼺ ذ Ͽ. ܼȭ ߰Ͽ, HTML ؽƮ ϱ ߰Ͽ. Ƽ޵(Multimedia) Ŀ ߰ Ǿ.

ª ð , HTML θ Ǿ ܷ̿ ߴ. HTML ̷, HTML(ǥ)ȿ HTML , Ưȭ, 忡 ϱ Ͽ ο Ʈ Դ. ο Ʈ ٸ ÷ƮȨ 鿡 ϴ 뼺(compatibility) .

Ʈ ÷ƮȨ ϼ(heterogeneity) Ȯ꿡 , ̵ Ϻ ÷ƮȨ鿡 ('classic') HTML 4 ټ .

1.2 XML ̶?

XML™ Ȯ ũ (Extensible Markup Language) ª ̰, XML(eXtensible Markup Language) ִ.

XML SGML ɷ° ź¼ ⼺ ϰ ٽ äõǾ. SGML ӿ ұϰ, XML SGML κ ɷ, dzμ SGML Ϲ Ǵ ϰ ִ.

̵ ɵ ϸ鼭, XML ۰ Ʈ 踦 ư ΰϴ SGML ⼺ Ͽ.

1.3 XHTML ʿѰ?

XHTML 1.0 Ͽ Ͽ. XHTML Ʒ Ͽ:

  • ڵ 뵵 ڵ ׵ ο ũ Ͽ ǥϴ ο ĵ ϰ ִ. XML ο Ʈ Ǵ ߰ Ʈ ƮƮ . XHTML Ȯ XHTML (module) Ͽ Ӱ ߵǴ ο XHTML ԰ݿ ´ ( XHTML ȭ ԰ݿ ) ϰ Ǿ. ο ߰ ο 뵵 迡 ̴.
  • ͳݿ ϴ ü ĵ Ұǰ ִ. Ϻ 󿡼 2002⿡ ̵ ü ÷ƮȨ鿡 ͳ 75% Ÿ. XHTML (family) Ϲ 뵵 ۾ ο ΰ Ǿ. ο 뵵 ȭ(profie) , (server), Ͻ(proxiy) Ͽ 뵵 ۽ſ ȿ ̴. ñ,  XHTML ԰ݿ ´ 뵵 ִ XHTML ԰ݿ ´ ۼ ̴.

2. ǵ

2.1

Ʒ ԰ݿ Ǿ. ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990[POSIX.1] [RFC2119] ǵ鸦 ȮϿ:

ǵ (Implementation-defined)
ùٸ ش ʿ׵ [ ]ϱ ʿ Ǵ ۿ ǵ (Implementation-defined)̴.
... ִ(may)
뿡 Ͽ '... ִ(may)' ԰ݿ ʿ , ֽ ϴ ؼ ȴ. ԰ ռ Ͽ, ̴ ƾ Ѵ. "" ̿ ǹ̴.
... ִٵ ǥ Ͽ.
...Ͽ Ѵ(must, should)
'...Ͽ Ѵ(must)' ԰ݿ ƿ ʿ Ǵ ԰ݿ ´ XHTML ǹѴ.
...Ͽ Ѵٵ ǥ Ͽ.
Ǵ ۿ ʾ ԰ݿ ´ 鿡 ϰ , ԰ݿ ´ 뵵鿡 Ͽ ƾ Ѵ.
뿡 Ͽ, '...Ͽ Ѵ' ʿ ƴϰ õ ؼ Ǿ Ѵ. 鿡 Ͽ, ̴ Ϲ õǴ α׷, ԰ݿ ´ XHTML 鿡 ʿ ؼϿ Ѵ.
԰ݿ ġ ̴.  ġ Ǹ ԰ݿ ٿ ̴.
Ǵ ۿ ʾ, ԰ ġ ϴ ġ ʿ׵ ̴. , Ư ۿ ʿϴ , ġ  ۿ ϱ , ԰ݿ ´ XHTML ƴϴ.

2.2 Ϲ

ƮƮ(attribute)
ƮƮ ϳ DTD Ʈ Ķ(parameter)̴. DTD ǵ ƮƮ Ÿ԰ , Ʈ Ѵ.
Ÿ (DTD)
DTD, Ǵ Ÿ Ǵ XML ̴. ´ Ʈ ƮƮ DTD ´ ִ.
(document)
̸ ϴ ٸ 帧 , , DTD ٿ , Ʈ ȿ ϵ ȭ 帧̴. ߰ ԰ ռ .
Ʈ(element)
Ʈ DTD ̴. Ʈ (content model) DTD ǵǾ ְ, ߰ Ʈ ִ.
ġ(facilities)
ɼ Ʈ, ƮƮ ̵ Ʈ ƮƮ Ѵ. ɼ ϴ ʿ ġ鸦 ϴ ̵ȴ.
(implementation)
԰ ϴ ġ 񽺵 ϴ ý̴. ߰ 뵵 ԰ ռ .
ؼ(parsing)
ؼ , ȭ Ʈ Ǵ ۿ̴.
ǥ(rendering)
ǥ Ÿ ۿ̴. Ÿ ȯ濡 ̷(: Ҹ, ̴ Ȥ Ʈ).
뵵(user agent)
뵵 а XHTML ó()ϴ ()̴. ߰ 뵵 ԰ ռ .
ȿ (validation)
ȿ , Ʈ ƮƮ DTD Ͱ ° Ǿ ִ Ȯ ϱ Ͽ, DTDϿ ϴ ̴.
(well-formed)
XML 1.0 õ () ׸ 2.1 Ģ ȭ() Ѵ. ⺻δ, Ǵ Ʈ ñ׿ ±׵ ٸ ׽Ʈ(nested)Ǿ ִ° Ѵ.

3. XHTML 1.0

3.1 ԰ ռ

XHTML ϰ(strictly) ԰ݿ ´ XHTML Ǹ ϴµ, ̴ XHTML 1.0 ̸ڸ(namespace) ±(tag) ƮƮ鿡 ޴´. , XHTML 鿡 ڿ (RDF: Resource Description Format) ȿ Ÿ(metadata) ǥ ϴ , ٸ ̸ڸ(namespace)鿡 XHTML 뿡 ׸ 3.1.2 ϶.

3.1.1 ϰ(strictly) ԰ݿ ´

ϰ(strictly) ԰ݿ ´ XHTML ԰ݿ ġ ʿϴ ̴. ̿ Ʒ ؿ Ͽ Ѵ:

  1. η A ִ DTD ߿ ϳ Ͽ ȿ Ǿ Ѵ.

  2. ֻ(root) Ʈ <html>̾ Ѵ.

  3. ֻ(root) Ʈ xmlns ƮƮ [XMLNAMES] Ͽ XHTML 1.0 ̸ڸ(namespace) Ͽ Ѵ. XHTML ̸ڸ Ǵ http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml Ǿ Ѵ.

  4. ֻ(root) Ʈ DOCTYPE ־ Ѵ. ̰ DOCTYPE ν(identifier) η A ִ DTD Ѱ ش ν(Formal Public Identifier) Ͽ Ѵ. ý νڴ ý ݿϵ ϰ ִ.

     <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/strict.dtd">  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/transitional.dtd">  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" 	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/frameset.dtd">

ּ XHTML ִ.

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html       PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"     "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">   <head>     <title>Virtual Library</title>   </head>   <body>     <p>Moved to <a href="http://vlib.org/">vlib.org</a>.</p>   </body> </html>

XML Ǿ ֽ ϶. XML 鿡 XML ʿ ƴϴ. XHTML ۼڵ ׵ 鿡 XML õѴ. ڵ(encoding) Ʈ UTF-8 Ǵ UTF-16 ƴ ̿ ʿϴ.

3.1.2 ٸ ̸ڸ(namespace)鿡 XHTML

ٿ ϰ(strictly) ԰ݿ ´ XHTML 1.0 ƴ , XHTML 1.0 ̸ڸ(namespace) [XMLNAMES] ٸ XML ̸ڸ鿡 ִ. W3C ߰ ۾ ̸ڸ(namespace) 鿡 ԰ ϴ ĵ ̴.

Ʒ MathML õȰ (Ͽ) XHTML 1.0 Ǵ ش:

 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">   <head>     <title> </title>   </head>   <body>     <p>  ǥ(MathML markup)̴:</p>     <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">       <apply> <log/>         <logbase>           <cn> 3 </cn>         </logbase>         <ci> x </ci>       </apply>     </math>   </body> </html>

Ʒ XHTML 1.0 ũ(markup) ٸ XML ̸ڸ(namespace) Ͽ ִ ش:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- , Ʈ ̸ڸ(namespace) "books"̴. --> <book xmlns='urn:loc.gov:books'     xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6' xml:lang="en" lang="en">    <title>Dozen   é</title>   <isbn:number>1568491379</isbn:number>   <notes>     <!--  ؽƮ    HTML Ʈ ̸ڸ -->     <p xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>     ̴ <a href="http://www.w3.org/">online</a>ε    ִ.     </p>   </notes> </book>

3.2 뵵 ԰ ռ

԰ݿ ´ 뵵 Ʒ Ѵ:

  1. XML 1.0 õ () ϱ Ͽ, 뵵 XHTML ؼ(parse)ϰ ϱ ؼ Ǿ Ѵ. 뵵 ϴ 뵵 DZ ؼ װ Ÿ (DTD: XML) Ͽ Ѵ.
  2. 뵵 ԰ݿ ǵǰų ԰ ʿϴ ġ Ѵٰ ϱ ؼ, ġ ǿ ϴ ĵ ؾѴ.
  3. 뵵 XHTML XML ó (fragment) ν(identifier) ID(: κ XHTML Ʈ鿡 id ƮƮ) Ÿ ƮƮ νϿ Ѵ.
  4. 뵵 ν Ʈ , Ʈ ǥϿ Ѵ.
  5. 뵵 ν ƮƮ , ƮƮ Ͽ Ѵ(ƮƮ ).
  6. 뵵 ν ƮƮ , Ʈ ƮƮ Ͽ Ѵ.
  7. 뵵 ó (̴ 뵵 ̵ ܺο Ÿ ֽ), (entity reference) , , Ͽ, ü '&' ϰ ';' ڵ ǥϿ Ѵ.
  8. ǥ , 뵵 ν ǥ ڵ̳ ڸ , ǥ Ͼ ʴ´ٰ ڿ Ȯ ˷ Ѵ.
  9. ڵ [XML] (whitespace) ǵǾִ.
    • (Space: &#x0020;)
    • (Tab: &#x0009;)
    • (Carriage return: &#x000D;)
    • ٰ(Line feed: &#x000A;)

    XML ó(processor) ٸ ý۵ 鸦 Ѱ ޱڷ ϹȭϿ 뿡 Ѵ. XHTML 뵵 ߰ ڵ óϿѴ:

    • (Form feed: &#x000C;)
    • ʺ (Zero-width space: &#x200B;)

    xml:space' ƮƮ 'preserve' Ʈ 뵵 (whitespace) ڸ ״ ξ Ѵ. ܷ ó ŵǾ Ѵ. ׷, Ģ óǾѴ:

    • (block) Ʈ ŵǾ Ѵ.
    • ڸƮ ŵǰ ó ƾ Ѵ. ڸƮ ڴ ڵ óȴ.
    • (block) Ʈ ó ŵǾ Ѵ.
    • (block) Ʈ ٰ(Line feed) ڵ ȯǾ Ѵ. xml:space' ƮƮ 'preserve' Ʈ .
    • ڵ óǾ Ѵ. xml:space' ƮƮ 'preserve' Ʈ .
    • ǥ ־ 뵵  Ͽ Ѵ.
      ü(script) ƾ迭  ASCII ڴ ܾ иϰ μ ȴ.
      ü(script) (Nagari : Sanskrit, Ÿ, )  , и ʺ (ZW 'space') ڸ Ͽ , ǥ μ ʴ´.
      ü(script) ƶ  ڸ Ͽ μ , и Ͽ ʺ (ZW 'space') ڵ ִ.
      ƶ ܾ ܾ .(: 'kitAbuhum' = 'kitAbu-hum' = 'book them' == their book)
      ߱ ü  и μ ̹ ʴ´.

    ƮƮ ȿ XML óȴ.

4. HTML 4

XHTML ϳ XML ̹Ƿ, SGML HTML 4 ȿ(legal)ϴ Ϻ Ǿ Ѵ.

4.1 (well-formed)Ǿ Ѵ.

(well-formedness) XML ο ̴. Ʈ ±׸ ų Ǵ Ư (Ʒ ) ϰ, Ʈ ׽Ʈ(nest) Ǿ Ѵٴ ʼ̴.

SGML ħ(overlapping) ҷ(illegal) ӿ ұϰ, 鿡 θ Ͽ.

Ʈ ׽Ʈ(neste) ùٸ .

<p>⿡ <em></em> ִ.</p>

ħ(overlapping) Ʋ Ʈ

<p>⿡ <em> ִ.</p></em>;

4.2 Ʈ ƮƮ ̸ ҹڷ Ǿ Ѵ.

XHTML HTML Ʈ ƮƮ ̸鿡 ҹڸ Ͽ Ѵ. XML ҹڸ (case-sensitive)ϹǷ ̰ ʿϴ. : <li> <LI> ٸ ±׵̴.

4.3 ƴ(non-empty) Ʈ鿡 ±װ ʿ.

SGML HTML 4 Ϻ Ʈ ± Ǿ; Ʈ ±׸ ݴ ǹ̸ . XML XHTML ʴ´. DTD (EMPTY) ̿ Ʈ ±(tag) ʿ Ѵ.

ùٸ Ʈ

<p>⿡ ִ.</p> <p>⿡ ٸ ִ.</p>

Ʈ Ʋ

<p>⿡ ִ. <p>⿡ ٸ ִ.

4.4 ƮƮ ׻ ǥ  Ѵ.

ƮƮ ġ ǥ ȿ  Ѵ.

ǥ ȿ  ùٸ ƮƮ

<table rows="3">

ǥ ȿ Ʋ ƮƮ

<table rows=3>

4.5 ƮƮ ּȭ(minimization)

XML ƮƮ ּȭ ʴ´. ƮƮ ¦ ׻ ϰ Ǿ Ѵ. compact checked ƮƮ ̸ Ʈ .

ּȭ ùٸ ƮƮ

<dl compact="compact">

ּȭ Ʋ ƮƮ

<dl compact>

4.6 (empty) Ʈ

Ʈ ±׸ ų, ±װ /> Ǿ Ѵ. , <br/> Ǵ <hr></hr>. HTML 4 뵵 ռ Ȯϱ ĵ鿡 HTML 뼺(compatibility) ȳ ϶.

± Ḧ ùٸ .

<br/><hr/>

±װ Ʋ

<br><hr>

4.7 ƮƮ 鿡 ó

ƮƮ 鿡, 뵵 ƮƮ հ (white-space) ϰ, Ѱ ̻ (ٹٲ ) Ѱ ڷ óѴ( ۲ÿ ASCII ). XML ׸ 3.3.3 .

4.8 ũƮ(script) Ÿ(style) Ʈ

XHTML, ũƮ Ÿ Ʈ #PCDATA ȴ. , XML ó(processor) Ͽ < & ũ óǰ, &lt; &amp; (entities) < & (entity) ν ̴. CDATA ǥõ κп ũƮǴ Ÿ Ʈ ̵ ڵ(entities) Ȯ븦 ´.

 <script>  <![CDATA[  ... unescaped script content ...  ]]>  </script>

CDATA κ XML ó(processor) Ͽ νĵǰ, Ʈ (Document Object Model: DOM Level 1 õ[DOM] ׸ 1.3 ) (node) Ÿ.

ִ ܺ(external) ũƮ Ÿ ϴ ̴.

4.9 SGML (exclusion)

SGML DTD ۼڰ Ʈ ȿ ʰ Ư Ʈ ְѴ. ̿ ("exclusions"̶ ) XML ʴ.

, HTML 4 (strict) DTD 'a' Ʈ ٸ a' Ʈ ȿ Ϻ(descendant) ׽Ʈ(nest)ϴ Ѵ. XML ̿ ϴ Ұϴ. ̵ DTD , Ϻ Ʈ ׽Ʈ(nest) . ̿ Ʈ ȿ ׽Ʈ Ʈ η B ִ.

4.10 'id' 'name' ƮƮ Ʈ

HTML 4 a, applet, frame, iframe, img, map Ʈ鿡 name ƮƮ Ͽ. HTML 4 id ƮƮ ҰϿ. ΰ ƮƮ (fragment) (identifier) Ͽ Ǿ.

XML, (fragment) (identifier) ID Ÿ̰, Ʈ Ѱ ID ƮƮ Ÿ ִ. , XHTML 1.0 id ƮƮ ID Ÿ ǵȴ. XHTML 1.0 Ȯ XML DZ ؼ, XHTML 1.0 , name ƮƮ鵵 ִ Ʈ鿡, ڵ鸦 id ƮƮ Ͽ Ѵ. XHTML 鿡 ޵(media type)text/html ̿ Ŀ(anchor) ռ Ȯ ϱ HTML 뼺(compatibility) ȳ ϶.

XHTML 1.0 ̵ Ʈ name ƮƮ Ͽ, XHTML ϶.

5. 뼺(compatibility)

XHTML 1.0 鿡 뵵 뼺 ʿ ʾ, δ ޼ ִ. ⸦ ȳ η C ִ.

5.1 ͳ ޵(media type)

õ , XML 뿡 MIME 󺧸(labeling) Ϲ õ ذ ʾҴ.

׷ η C ȳ("HTML Compatibility Guidelines") XHTML ͳ ޵ Ÿ(media type) text/html ְ, ׵ κ HTML ̴. XHTML ٸ MIME 󺧸(labeling) õ ʾҴ.

6.

XHTML 1.0, (module) ϰ ϴ (mechanism) μ, ο ġ ⱸ ϱ Ͽ XHTML Ȯ Ϻ Ʈ(subset) ŸԵ (family) ʸ Ѵ. ο Ǹ Ͽ, XHTML 1.0 Ȯ Ϻ Ʈ ϰ Ѵ.

6.1 HTML ȭ(modularizing)

XHTML ǻ(desktop) 뵵 ٸ ÷ƮȨ ۵, XHTML Ʈ ÷ƮȨ鿡 ʿ ƴ иϴ. ġ(hand held device) Ǵ ȭ(cell-phone) XHTML Ʈ Ϻ Ʈ ִ.

ȭ(modularization) XHTML Ʈ Ʈ иŲ. Ʈ ٸ Ϳ ʿ ͵ ִ.

(module) W3C 鿡 ٷ ̴.

6.2 ϺμƮ(subset) Ȯ强

ȭ(modularization) Ѵ:

  • XHTML ϺμƮ(subset) Ѵ.

  • XHTML Ȯ(extending) Ѵ.

  • ŸԵ ȯ(transformation) ܼȭ Ѵ.

  • ο ŸԵ鿡 ٽ Ų.

6.3 ȭ(profile)

ȭ Ʈ(set) (syntax & semantics) Ѵ. ȭ ԰ ռ(conformance) ۾(interoperability) ʸ Ѵ. ȭ ŸԿ óϴµ ʿ ġ Ѵ. :  ̹ ִ°, ũƮ , ŸϽƮ Ǵ° .

̰ ǰ ڵ鿡 ׵ ü ǥ ȭ(profile) ְ Ѵ.

ۼڵ鿡Դ ٸ Ͽ ٸ ۼ ʿ䰡 ̴.

ȭ, ǻ糪 ڵ Ư Ư ȭ ۼϿ ǥ HTML Ʈ鿡 ߰ Ʈ ׵ Ư ʿ ų ִ.

η A. DTD(Document Type Declaration)

η ̴.

̵ DTD Ʈ(entity sets) ԰ κ̴. ԰ DTD ȭϵ XML (declaration), SGML īŸα(Open Catalog) Բ ȭ(zip) ԵǾ ִ.

A.1 Ÿ (DTD)

̵ DTD HTML 4 DTD . DTD ȭ , ش HTML 4 DTD ä ̴.

DTD д HTML 4 ϶.

A.2 Ʈ(entity sets)

XHTML Ʈ HTML 4 Ͱ , XML 1.0 (entity) 鿡 ° Ǿ. (Euro) ȭ ȣ(€: &euro; Ǵ &#8364; Ǵ &#x20AC;) Ưڵ ǵǾ ϶.

η B. Ʈ

η ̴.

Ʒ Ʈ Ʈ鿡 ´(׸ 4.9 ). ׽(nesting)  ؿ شȴ. ڸ (descendant) Ʈ鿡

a
ٸ a Ʈ .
pre
img, object, big, small, sub Ǵ sup Ʈ .
button
input, select, textarea, label, button, form, fieldset, iframe Ǵ isindex Ʈ .
label
ٸ label Ʈ .
form
ٸ form Ʈ .

η C. HTML 뼺 ȳ
(HTML Compatibility Guidelines)

η ϱ ̴.

η ׵ XHTML HTML 뵵鿡 ǥDZ⸦ ϴ ۼڵ ȳ Ͽ.

C.1 ó ü

Ϻ 뵵鿡 ó ü ǥ ˾ƾ Ѵ. ׷, XML Ǿ , UTF-8 Ǵ UTF-16 Ʈ ڵ(encoding) ִٴ Ͽ Ѵ.

C.2 (empty) Ʈ

Ʈ鿡 /, > ԽѶ.
: <br />, <hr />, <img src="karen.jpg" alt="Karen" />.
, Ʈ鿡, 뵵鿡 Ȯ ʴ XML ϴ <br></br> ϴ , <br /> (minimized) ±׸ ϶.

C.3 Ʈ (minimization) Ʈ

(EMPTY) ƴ Ʈ(: title Ǵ paragraph) νź ־, (: <p /> ƴϰ, <p> </p> ).

C.4 (embedded) ŸϽƮ ũƮ

ŸϽƮ(style sheet) <,&, ]]> Ǵ -- ϸ ܺ(external) ŸϽƮ ϶. ũƮ(script) <, &, ]]> Ǵ -- ϸ ܺ ũƮ ϶. XML ؼ(parser) ڸƮ ϴ ϶. ׷ ũƮ Ÿ ڸƮ ռ XML 뿡 ۿ ȴ.

C.5 ƮƮ ȿ ٹٲ

ƮƮ ȿ ٹٲް 鹮 ϶. ̵ 뵵鿡 Ͽ ʰ óȴ.

C.6 Isindex

head ̻ isindex Ʈ ԽŰ . isindex Ʈ input Ʈ Ͽ ()Ѵ.

C.7 lang xml:lang ƮƮ

Ʈ  lang xml:lang ƮƮ ϶. xml:lang ƮƮ 켱Ѵ.

C.8 ν(Fragment Identifier)

XML, URI[RFC2396]鿡 "#foo" νڵ ƮƮ name="foo" Ʈ ʰ, Ÿ ID ƮƮ Ʈ Ѵ. : HTML 4 id ƮƮ. HTML ڵ ID Ÿ ƮƮ ʴ´. ׷ 뼺(compatibility) ̱ Ͽ ̵ ƮƮ鿡 ִ.(:, <a id="foo" name="foo">...</a>).

ID Ÿ ƮƮ鿡 ȿ CDATA ŸԿ ν Ƿ name Ÿ ƮƮ NMTOKEN Ǿ. ƮƮ ID Ÿ԰ ְų, XML 1.0 ׸ 2.5, 5 ̸(Name) (production) ǵ Ǿ. ϰԵ XHTML 1.0 DTD ǥ . HTML ȯ Ͽ Ѵ. ƮƮ ȿ (unique)Ͽ ϸ, ȿ(valid)Ͽ ϰ, ȯ ٲǷ ̵ (γ ܺ )  Ʈ(update: ) Ǿ Ѵ.

, XHTML 1.0 a name ƮƮ, applet, frame, iframe, img, map Ʈ ҷ Ͽ, 鿡 XHTML ̶ ϶.

C.9 ڵ(encoding)

ڵ(encoding) ϱ Ͽ xml ԰ ڵ(encoding) ƮƮ (: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-JP"?>)ϰų Ÿ (meta http-equiv : <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="EUC-JP"' />) ִ. xml ó ڵ(encoding) ƮƮ 켱Ѵ.

C.10 Ҹ(Boolean) ƮƮ

Ϻ HTML 뵵鿡, Ҹ ƮƮ XML 1.0 䱸ϴ ( ) Ÿ, ̵ ؼ Ұϴ. HTML 4 뵵 Ҹ ƴϴ. ƮƮ õȴ: compact, nowrap, ismap, declare, noshade, checked, disabled, readonly, multiple, selected, noresize, defer.

C.11 Ʈ (DOM) XHTMLM
(DOM : Document Object Model)

Ʈ (DOM: Document Object Model) 1 õ[DOM] Ʈ XML HTML 4 ̽(interface) Ѵ. HTML 4 Ʈ (DOM) HTML Ʈ ƮƮ ̸ 빮ڷ ƿ(return) Ѵ. XML Ʈ (DOM) Ʈ ƮƮ ̸ (빮ڳ ҹ) ƿ Ѵ. XHTML 1.0, Ʈ ƮƮ鿡 ҹڷ ȴ. ĵ ִ:

  1. DOM Ͽ ͳ ޵(media type) text/html ϴ XHTML 鿡 (application) HTML DOM ְ, Ʈ ƮƮ ̸ ̽ 빮ڷ ִ.
  2. ͳ ޵(media type) text/html Ǵ application/xml ϴ XHTML 鿡 XML DOM ִ. Ʈ ƮƮ ҹڷ ̰ʹ. , Ϻ XHTML Ʈ (: table tbody Ʈ) ̹Ƿ Ʈ (tree) Ÿ ְ Ÿ ִ. HTML 4 Ϻ Ʈ ۰ ±װ Ǵ (minimized) Ǿ Ƿ(SGML ) ̿ Ÿ. ̰ XML Ұϴ. ۼڵ Ʈ ϴ XHTML Ʈ Ͽ. 뿡 ̿ ʿ䰡 ִ.

C.12 ƮƮ '&'(ampersand)

ƮƮ '&' ϸ, ̴ (character entity reference) ǥǾ Ѵ(: "&amp;"). , a Ʈ href ƮƮ Ķ(parameter)鸦 ޴ CGI ũƮ(script) ϸ,
http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user ,
http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&amp;name=user Ͽ Ѵ.

C.13 ī̵ ŸϽƮ(CSS) XHTML
(CSS: Cascading Style Sheets)

ī̵ ŸϽƮ 2 õ[ CSS2] HTML Ǵ XML ؼ(parse) (tree) Ǵ Ÿ Ư Ѵ. ؼ(parsing) (selector)鿡 ̰ų(visual) 鸮(aural) ٸ ̴. Ʒ Ʈ, ޵(media type)鿡 , ٸ ǥϴ ҽ ̴:

  1. XHTML CSS ŸϽƮ Ʈ ƮƮ ̸ ҹڷ Ͽ Ѵ.
  2. ̺鿡, tbody Ʈ HTML 뵵 ؼ(parser) Ͽ ̳, XML 뵵 ؼ(parser) ׷ ʴ. ̰ CSS (selector) ϸ, ׻ tbody Ʈ ߰Ͽ Ѵ.
  3. XHTML ̸ ڸ ȿ, 뵵 "id" ƮƮ ID Ÿ ƮƮ ν ȴ. , ŸϽƮ 뵵 DTD ϴ "#" (selector) ־ Ѵ.
  4. XHTML ̸ ڸ ȿ, 뵵 "class" ƮƮ ν ȴ. , ŸϽƮ "." (selector) ־ Ѵ.
  5. CSS HTML XML 鿡 ٸ ԰ ռ Ģ Ͽ; HTML XHTML 鿡 HTML Ģ ǰ, XML XHTML 鿡 XML Ģ ϶.

η D. λ

η ϱ ̴.

԰ W3C HTML ۾ ۼǾ:

Steven Pemberton, CWI (HTML ۾ )
Murray Altheim, Sun Microsystems
Daniel Austin, CNET: The Computer Network
Frank Boumphrey, HTML Writers Guild
John Burger, Mitre
Andrew W. Donoho, IBM
Sam Dooley, IBM
Klaus Hofrichter, GMD
Philipp Hoschka, W3C
Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C
Warner ten Kate, Philips Electronics
Peter King, Phone.com
Paula Klante, JetForm
Shin'ichi Matsui, W3C/Panasonic
Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology(1999 8 )
Ann Navarro, HTML Writers Guild
Zach Nies, Quark
Dave Raggett, W3C/HP (W3C lead for HTML)
Patrick Schmitz, Microsoft
Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, Stack Overflow
Chris Wilson, Microsoft
Ted Wugofski, Gateway 2000
Dan Zigmond, WebTV Networks

η E.

η ϱ ̴.

[CSS2] ī̵ ŸϽƮ ԰
"Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification",
B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.
http://trio.co.kr/webrefer/css2/cover.html
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2
[DOM] Ʈ ԰
"Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification",
Lauren Wood et al., 1 October 1998.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1
[HTML] HTML 4.01 ԰
"HTML 4.01 Specification",
D. Raggett, A. Le Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 August 1999.
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824
HTML 4.01 http://trio.co.kr/webrefer/html/cover.html
[POSIX.1]
"ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology -
Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1:
System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]",
Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.
[RFC2046] MIME: ٸ ͳ Ȯ
"RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Part Two: ޵(media type)",
N. Freed N. Borenstein, November 1996.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt.
RFC RFC1521, RFC1522, RFC1590 Ͽ.
[RFC2119]
"RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",
S. Bradner, March 1997.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
[RFC2376] XML ޵(media type)
"RFC2376: XML Media Types",
E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt
[RFC2396] URI
"RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax",
T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.
updates RFC1738 RFC1808.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt
[XML] XML 1.0 ԰
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification",
T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, 10 February 1998.
http://trio.co.kr/webrefer/xml/xml10.html
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
[XMLNAMES] XML ̸ڸ(namespace)
"Namespaces in XML",
T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.
XML ̸ڸ URI Ͽ õǴ ̸ڸ Ͽ XML 鿡 Ǵ ̸ ȿϰ ϴ ܼ Ѵ.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names

Level Triple-A



XHTML 1.0

[ ] [ ]
ٸ ԰
[HTML 4 ԰] [CSS 2 ԰] [CSS 1 ԰] [xml 1.0 ԰]
: Ʈ Trio Ȩ
̹(http://trio.co.kr/webrefer/xhtml/overview.html) .
<!main />